• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the female marriage immigrants' social unification through their employment. The subjects of this study were 116 female marriage immigrants who lived in Kyungi-do. This study analyzed employment desire, barrier and volition differences of female marriage immigrants between their socio-demographic factors and effects of their employment desire and barrier to employment volition. Results of this study; First, desire of maintenance of livehood and self esteem to employment incresed with age. Second, there were differences in desire of maintenance of livehood and self esteem to employment between their countries of origins. Third, employment volition and self esteem to employment increased with level of education. Fourth, there were differences in employment volition and self esteem to employment between the length of residence in Korea. Fifth, employment desire and self esteem to employment increased with ability to Korean, but internal barrier of employment decreased by ability to Korean. Sixth, desire of identity from employment and self esteem to employment increased with the number of children. Seventh, employment desire influenced employment volition, self efficacy and self esteem to employment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 2019

In this study, we examined the effects of self-efficacy and self-esteem on employment anxiety based on existing prior study and verified the moderating effect of academic stress between self-efficacy and employment anxiety, and moderating effect of academic stress between self-esteem and employment anxiety and the analysis result are as follows. The first result shows that self-efficacy and self-esteem negatively affect employment anxiety. Second, academic stress has not played a role of moderating in the relationship between self-efficacy and employment anxiety. As academic stress increases, employment anxiety increases. However, the regression analysis results confirmed that the academic stress can be an independent variable that explains employment anxiety. Finally, academic stress plays a role of moderating in the relationship between self-esteem and employment anxiety. This means that students with relatively high self-esteem are less likely to have employment anxiety than those who do not, and that increasing academic stress increases the employment anxiety of college students.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-39
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• 2012

Many students who attend university are worried about their future employment and academic achievement. Self-leadership is the ability to deal wisely with employment matters and to recognize the employment strategies of students who display self-leadership qualities. For this purpose, 320 questionnaires were distributed to students attending universities in Seoul. The 304 collected questionnaires were used as data for the final analysis. First, the university students' average self-leadership rate was 3.73, and their average employment rate was 3.24. In terms of self-leadership by subordinate domains, the most common strategy was to introduce "natural compensation activities", and the least common strategy was to focus on "inner compensation". For the employment strategy, "academic credit" was the best managed, and "active behavior" was the least well managed. Second, in terms of the differences in self-leadership due to social demographic variables, the self-leadership levels showed significant differences, according to their credits in general. Furthermore, they showed significant differences depending on gender and the leadership experience among the subordinate variables. Moreover, the university students' employment strategies showed significant differences according to gender, leadership experience and leadership education. Third, in terms of the difference between self-leadership and employment strategies due to psychological variables, self-efficacy and university-life satisfaction levels made significant differences in terms of self-leadership. Fourth, the group with high self-leadership levels also had highly developed employment strategies, compared to the group with low self-leadership levels. Fifth, after analyzing the social demographic variables, the psychological variables and the influence of self-leadership, it appears that the explanation level increased at each step. This study demonstrates that experiencing many opportunities that promote self-leadership during university causes students to worry about their future careers and prohibits them from developing into independent, responsible adults who can accomplish their goals.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-30
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• 2003

The recent experience about self-employment shows three main trends: first, its share out of the total workers has steadily increased, recording 37.6% in 2001, implying its prevalence and importance; second, its share out of male workers has caught up female workers', implying its importance to males as well as females; and finally, during the recent Economic Crisis when there was mass layoff and large scale bankruptcy, its share rapidly increased, reflecting its role of a buffer to economic fluctuation. However, there have been few studies on self-employment, mainly focusing on what makes someone choose it as an alternative to being employed. This study analyzes the determinants of the duration to terminate self-employment, by applying the proportional hazard model to the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey(KLIPS) by the Korea Labor Institute. The KLIPS started the first wave in 1998 with the 5,000 household sample (and about 12,000 individual sample of household members aged 15 and more). In this study, the first four waves are used for analysis. The average duration of 5,357 spells of self-employment is 130 months. It shows slight difference between males(124 months) and females(138 months) while it widely ranges over industries (296 months for agriculture industry while 50 months for restaurant and hotel industry). Estimates of the proportional hazard model of the self-employment duration show that females are more likely to terminate self-employment while it is not statistically significant. The effect of age at starting self-employment on the hazard shows the inverse V-shape, which implies that, until a certain age(47 years), the hazard become higher as aging while, since then, it become lower as aging. The level of education has a positive effect on the hazard, implying that more education is related to the higher probability to be employed. The measures of economic performances, annual sales and earnings, are positively related to continuing self-employment while hardship at the start of self-employment measured by several ways has a negative effect. Training before opening business has a positive effect on keeping on self-employment and its effects are different over its providers, significantly positive for public providers while insignificant for private providers. More and further research on self-employment is urgent in the rapidly ageing society. To help workers to be self-employed, more public assistance is necessary for education, training, financing, marketing, management, and human resource management in order to make the olders consider self-employment as a good alternative rather than an inevitable one.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2018

This study aimed to explore the effect of college students' self-leadership and entrepreneurship on employment competency and identify the moderating effect of nationality. To this end, the validity of data collected from 450 college students attending a four-year university in Seoul was tested using structural equation modeling and AMOS statistical software. The study showed the following results. First, self-leadership was found to have a significant effect on entrepreneurship. Second, entrepreneurship was found to have a significantly positive effect on employment competency. Third, it was found that nationality exerted a partial effect on the relationship of self-leadership and entrepreneurship to employment competency. Based on these findings, this study indicated that developing college student's employment competency through self-leadership and entrepreneurship training according to their nationality can help resolve the severe employment crisis in the age of the fourth industry.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-77
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to reveal errors in the estimations on the nonstandard workers scale which have resulted from little consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationships that are considered to be self-employed workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous studies estimate that the bogus self-employed workers are excluded from estimations because they are not workers in principle. We analyze the scale of the bogus self-employments using the empirical data [the Korean Welfare Panel of 2008-2013(six wave panel)] to re-estimate the scale of non-standard workers. In 2013, the year of the last wave, the percentage of the bogus self-employment was high, the proportion of them is 28.5% among self-employment without owning a place of business. Our results expect the number of contract workers from re-analysis would be over 740 thousand when reflecting on the predictive value in the actual number of paid workers. In conclusion, it is necessary to apply reasonable methods of analysis concerning the scope and scale of the nonstandard workers for the sake of coping with measures against the problem of nonstandard workers. The aim of this study is to reveal the estimation error on nonstandard workers' scale which are resulted from having no consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationship that is considered as self-employment workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous researches' estimation on nonstandard workers have the problem that the bogus self-employment workers are excluded from estimation because they are not workers in principle.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2004

The share of self-employment shows a downward trend until 1990 and then an upward trend since then. The upward trend is mainly due to more employers and more male self-employed, which implies that self-employment plays a significant role as an alternative form of employment. This paper examines whether self-employment can be a bridge between no work and wage work in the processes entering into or exiting labor market, and if so, what determines the choice of self-employment as a bridge, using the data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey(Wave 1 to Wave 5). Empirical analysis employing the probit model shows that the older, female, the less educated, and persons with bad health are more likely to choose self-employment as a bridge in the exit process and that they are less likely to choose it as a bridge in the entry process. Business cycle has a statistically significant negative effect on its role of bridge employment in the exit process but not in the entry process. The result implies that, in the ageing society, labor market policy should consider self-employment as a better alternative than wage work for the aged.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between self-management competency and employment preparation behavior of senior nursing students. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 program, frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. As a result of the study, self-management competency was positively correlated with academic self-efficacy, employment preparation behavior, and academic self-efficacy with employment preparation behavior. Academic self-efficacy showed a partial mediating effect between self-management competency and employment preparation behavior. The higher the level of self-management competency and academic self-efficacy, the higher the level of employment preparation behavior, and the explanatory power (R²) was 34%. Therefore, it suggests that it is important to develop self-management competency and to prepare an integrated strategy that can induce a sense of academic self-efficacy in order to promote the employment preparation behavior of nursing students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Based on the prior study, this study established the hypothesis that academic stress would lead to employment anxiety, and verified whether self-efficacy and self-esteem have a moderating effect in the relationship between academic stress and employment anxiety and the analysis results are as follows: Employment anxiety increases as the academic stress increases, and self-esteem plays a role of moderating in the relationship between academic stress and employment anxiety, but self-efficacy has not. The results of the analysis confirmed that although self-efficacy does not play a role of moderating, employment anxiety decreases as self-efficacy increases. Self-esteem generally reduces employment anxiety, but it has shown that employment anxiety increases in academic stress situations.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-34
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• 2001

This study analyzes the male-female difference in self-employment rates in Korea using panel data constructed from the Economically Active Population Survey in 1999. Given that most studies on self-employment have focused on male self-employment and have not examined why self-employment rate is usually higher among males than females, this study certainly extends the existing literature on this subject This study consists of two parts. The first part deals with estimating self-employment rates for males and female within a Markov framework. The second part presents decomposition results of the male-female differential in self-employment rates. Major findings of the study are (1) self-employment rate is higher for males than females because entry into self-employment is larger but exit from self-employment is smaller for males than female, (2) higher entry probability for males is due to differences in coefficients of transition probability functions while lower exit probability for males is due to differences in characteristics, (3) a large part of male-female gap in self-employment rates results from differences in being a head of family, marital status and age between males and females.