• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.413-422
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between knowledge, self efficacy, and self care behavior regarding foot care among elderly diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: The subjects consisted of 146 elderly with DM. The data collected from February to October 2008 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of knowledge ($13.21{\pm}1.99$), self efficacy ($2.23{\pm}0.54$), and self care behavior ($2.29{\pm}0.51$) regarding foot care were moderate. The level of knowledge was significantly different according to education about DM (p = .012) and drinking (p = .007). Self efficacy was significantly different according to gender (p = .019), educational level (p = .014), spouse (p = .048), disease period (p = .000), admission of DM (p = .000), complication of DM (p = .001), education of DM (p = .023). Self care behavior was significantly different according to educational state (p = .003), disease period (p = .039), and other disease (p = .000). Significant correlations were found between knowledge and self care behavior (p = .001), self efficacy and self care behavior (p = .000), knowledge and self efficacy(p=.012). Knowledge and self efficacy were a predictor of self care behavior (18.2%). Conclusion: These findings indicate that perceived knowledge and self efficacy may be necessities to improve self care behavior regarding foot care among elderly DM patients. The above mentioned results will be reflected in developing patient educational programs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate influencing factors on self-care in the elderly with essential hypertension. Method: The research instruments included the Self-Care Scale, the Knowledge Scale Related to Hypertension, the Self-Efficacy Scale and the Family-Support Scale. Results: The self-care was significantly associated with knowledge (r=.510, p=.000), self-efficacy (r=.708, p=.000), and family support (r=.403, p=.000). The major factors that affected subjects' self-care were knowledge and self-efficacy which explained 58.7% of self-care. Conclusion: Hypertension knowledge and self-efficacy are important factors for nursing interventions in caring for elderly patients with hypertension. It is needed to develop nursing programs for elderly patients with hypertension and to provide nursing interventions to improve knowledge and self-efficacy and, thereby, improving the self-care of elderly patients with hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate health literacy, diabetic knowledge, and diabetic self-care among foreign diabetic patients at a hospital in South Korea. Methods: Participants was 134 foreign patients diagnosed with diabetes and who understand English. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Results: Health literacy significantly differed with HbA1c levels, whereas diabetic knowledge significantly differed with education levels, and time since diagnosed. Diabetic self-care significantly differed with time since the diagnosis. Health literacy significantly differed with diabetic knowledge and diabetic self-care. There was a correlation between health literacy and diabetic knowledge and between diabetic knowledge and diabetic self-care but not between health literacy and diabetic self-care. Conclusion: There are significant results on health literacy, diabetic knowledge and diabetic self-care. Subject with adequate health literacy had high scores on diabetic knowledge and self-care.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of structured information provided on self care knowledge, self care performance, and functional status. Method: The data were collected using self care knowledge and performance assessment tool, and functional status assessment tool from both group hospitalized patients at D hospital in Busan. Results: There was a significant improvement(p=.032) in self care knowledge in experimental group compared to the control group. But there were not improvement in self care performance and functional status in experimental group compared to the control group. But comparing to pretest and posttest in experimental group, There were significant improvement in self care performance (p=.003) and functional status(p=.013). Conclusion: Structured information provided showed increased in the degree of knowledge, self care performance, and functional status. But the effect size of program which had been developed in this study was estimated small, so there is needed to modify this program and to research repeatedly.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the levels of and relationships among health literacy, knowledge about diabetes, and self-care activities in the Korean low-income elderly with diabetes and to identify factors influencing the self-care activities of this vulnerable population. Methods: This study surveyed a total of 151 low-income elderly patients with diabetes registered at 16 Visiting Health Care Services in B City, Korea. Health literacy was measured with the Newest Vital Sign. Diabetes knowledge was measured with the Diabetes Knowledge Test. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire was used to assess diabetes self-care activities. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors influencing diabetes self-care activities in these patients. Results: In the regression model, diabetes knowledge (${\beta}=.322$, p<.001), exercise (${\beta}=.337$, p<.001), and experiences of diabetes education (${\beta}=.241$, p=.001) were significantly associated with increased diabetes self-care activities in low-income elderly patients with diabetes when gender, education, health literacy, and subjective health state were controlled. Conclusion: To improve diabetes self-care activities in the low-income elderly with diabetes, it is important to develop a customized program considering their knowledge, exercise, and diabetes education experience.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate whether an individualized cancer patient education would increase self-care knowledge and performance. Eventually, it was to reduce side effect and promote self-care for chemotherapy. Method: This study utilized a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The subjects included 50 patients with cancer 25 in the experimental group, and 25 in the control group. The study was performed from January 2006 to June 2006 for the patients who were first treated by chemotherapy in a university hospital. Results: Individualized education was significantly increased in self-care knowledge and performance. Self-care knowledge and performance showed significant correlations as well. Conclusions: Individualized patient education was an effective nursing intervention in increasing self-care knowledge and performance for chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.242-250
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate heart failure knowledge and adherence to self-care behaviors, and to identify factors affecting adherence to self-care behaviors among Korean patients with heart failure. Methods: Correlational research using the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale, the Duke Activity Status Index, the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale, the New York Heart Association Functional Classification, and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey was conducted. A total of 280 outpatients with heart failure responded to the five questionnaires. Results: The mean scores for self-care adherence and heart failure knowledge were $31.98{\pm}6.81$ and $8.78{\pm}2.53$, respectively, indicating lower adherence and knowledge than those previously reported. Subjects with lower functional status, more social supports, and greater knowledge of heart failure are more likely to adhere to prescribed regimens. Conclusion: Nurses should focus on patient education and support to improve their adherence to self-care behaviors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between safety knowledge, health beliefs and self-efficacy in child care teachers. Method: The participants were 394 teachers from child care centers in Seoul city. Data collection was done using a questionnaire that included a Safety Knowledge Test, Health Belief Scale and Self-efficacy Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The SPSS 11.0 Win program was used for analysis. Results: The mean was 12.11 for safety knowledge, 38.31 for health belief, and 91.07 for self-efficacy. There were statistically significant differences in the degree of safety knowledge according to safety education, in the level of health beliefs according to length of service as a teacher and in the degree of self-efficacy according to age, and length of service as a teacher. There were statistically significant positive correlations between safety knowledge and health belief, and between safety knowledge and self-efficacy of child care teachers. Conclusion: According to the results, programs to improve safety knowledge, health beliefs and self-efficacy of child care teachers should be developed and used to decrease the proportion of accidents involving children in Korea.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.284-297
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• 1996

A maternity ward in a hospital in Seoul has an educational program for postpartal mothers since its opening, but evaluation on the program has not been done. This study was to find whether the educational program contributed to increase of knowledge and confidence of the post-partal mothers in the area of postpartal self-care and the newborn baby care or not. This study aimed at improvement of the educational program for posrpartal mothers and the newborn babies. Subjects were 40 primiparae who were admitted to the obstetric ward in a general hospitals in Seoul from August 20th to September 10th, 1995. Subjects were those who had no labor pain at the admission time, had no complications during labor and delivery, gave a birth to a healthy baby, and agreed to participate in this study. All subjects were well educated and were in well-to-do group. Most of them received antenatal care adequately. They were tested on knowledge and self-confidence in the area of postpartal self-care and infant care two times, one at the admission time and the other prior to discharge. After the first test, nurses in a maternity ward and nursery taught them on postpartal self-care and infant care. Education consisted of a 1 hour planned program and incident teachings done at bed side. Four tools were developed by authors based literature review. The test tool for knowledge of postpartal self-care consisted of 15 items which included the definition of postpartum, dangerous symptoms in postpartum, lochia, time to begin coitus, postpartum exercise, sitz-bath, and perineal care. The test tool for self-confidence in postpartal self-care included such items as emergency care on dangerous symptoms in postpartum, sexual life and contraception after postpartum, self-confidence in postpartum exercise and perineal care. The test tool for knowledge of newborn baby care consisted of 18 items which included bathing, umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, abnormal symptoms of neonate. The test tool for self confidence in the newborn baby care included umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, emergency care for baby. Analysis of demographic data were analyzed with calculation of percentage. Score differences between the first test and the second test were analyzed with paired t-test. SAS / PC (Release 6.04 for DOS) program are as follows. 1. Mothers' knowledge of postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=10.04, df=38, p=0.0001). 2. Mothers' self-confidence in postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=6.53, df=38, p=0.0001). 3. Mother's knowledge of the newborn abay care increased significantly after education (t=9.74, df=38, p=0.0001). 4. Mothers' self-confidence in the newborn baby care increased significantly after education(t=8.22, df=38, p=0.0001) Suggestions for further studies and nursing practice were as follows. 1. We suggest studies by randomized control-group pretest-posttest design or nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design will be done. 2. We suggest follow-up studies to find if mothers's confidence will last or not after discharge. 3. We suggest general hospitals to establish a phone-counseling system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of self-efficacy, knowledge about the disease, and self-care behavior to the metabolic level in patients with NIDDM. Method: Data were collected from March 15 to April 15, 2001. Participants in the study were 48 patients with NIDDM who were seen regularly at the endocrinology out-patient department of Gwangju Christian Hospital. The data were collected through individual interviews and patient blood samples. The data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+, using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Cronbach's Alpha. Result: 1. The mean score for self-efficacy was $71.37{\pm}15.56$, knowledge $15.00{\pm}2.84$, self-care behavior $63.18{\pm}13.10$. The mean score for HbAlc level was $7.66{\pm}1.77%$, HDL cholesterol level, $46.22{\pm}13.04 mg/dl$ and total cholesterol level, $187.93{\pm}41.45 mg/dl$. 2. There was a significant difference between patients with a spouse and those without one (t=-2.08, p=0.042), in knowledge according to level of obesity (t=5.14, p=0.010), duration of illness (t=3.22, p=0.031) and presence of complications related to diabetes (t=-2.58, p= 0.013). There were no significant differences in self-care behavior, but there were significant differences in sugar metabolic level according to sex (t=-2.02, p=0.050). 3. The correlation between diabetic patients' self-efficacy, knowledge and self-care behaviour and metabolic control was significantly related only to self-efficacy and self-care behavior (r=.692, p=0.000). Conclusion: It is necessary to improve self-efficacy, knowledge, and self-care behavior for patients with NIDDM by using nursing intervention programs to promote and maintain metabolic control.