• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1996

The yield and quality of black medick seeds(Medicago lupulina L.) produced from different fertilization and flowering position was investigated was investigated to develop the technology of seed vigor maintenance. Number of flowers and seeds, 100 seeds weight, yellow seed percentage, and large seed percentage were higher in seeds produced from stems than in those from branches. Increase of nitrogen resulted in a higher rate of yellow and large seeds as well as 160 seeds weight. Germination rate was the highest (56.9%) in the yellow seeds harvested from stems which were grown with a treatment of lower level of nitrogen and higher level of phosphorus. Malformed seedlings were frequently observed among the seedlings grown from seeds which were produced only with phosphorus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2014

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is one of cool-season adapted perennial grass species and has been cultivated worldwide as a important forage and lawn grass. In this study, we evaluated the seed production of new tall fescue cultivar, 'Purum', which was cultivated in Korea. Agronomic aspects of tall fescue were determined using seed production and forage nutritive value of straw at the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2012 to 2013. The heading date according to the seeding time displayed 2~3 days differences. The harvested seed yields were the largest (1,711 kg/ha) when seeding date at September $17^{th}$, whereas it decreased when planted ten days earlier or later than at that time. The thousand-grain weight of gathering seeds was 2 g, and the germination rate was 80 to 83% showing no significant differences among the different seeding times. The yield of fresh weight and dry matter were the largest (63,556 kg/ha and 16,926 kg/ha, respectively) when planted at September $17^{th}$. The dry matter yield was gradually decreased with delaying seeding time as 10 days period. However, nutritive values of straw did not showed significant differences.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.913-922
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to develop a new salting condition that included added maltodextrin (MD) and grape seed extract (GSE) to ensure the microbiological safety and quality of salted shredded Korean cabbage. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of four independent variables (NaCl concentration, salting duration, MD concentration, and GSE concentration). The following response variables were evaluated: reduction in total aerobic bacteria, yeast, and mold counts; weight loss and salt content; and taste, texture, and overall acceptability of salted shredded Korean cabbage. The optimal salting conditions include a combination of 10.09~10.32% NaCl, 9.45~10.00% MD, and 234~300 ppm GSE in a ternary salting solution and a salting duration of 5.68~5.94 hr. This optimal combination reduced total aerobic bacterial and yeast/molds counts by 3.33 and 1.45 log CFU/g, respectively, while maintaining high sensory scores for taste, texture, and overall acceptability of the salted shredded Korean cabbage. In addition, the optimal conditions yielded more acceptable weight loss and salt content characteristics. The results suggest that use of the optimized combination of salting conditions can improve the microbiological safety and quality of salted shredded Korean cabbage used for commercial kimchi production.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

The relationship between ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) activity and the characteristics of related pod setting in developing seed of soybean cv. Pungsannamulkong, Iksannamulkong, Geumjeongkong #1 and Danpaheuk was studied. AGP activity during the accumulate of the majority of dry matter in all cultivars suggested that this enzyme might be associated with this process. At the Vn and R1 stages, AGP activity of full-grown leaves of Pungsannamulkong, Iksannamulkong, Geumjeongkong #1 was the highest and then decreased progressively. However AGP activity of Danpaheuk was the lowest and also had lower seed weight. So regulation of matter accumulation in developing soybean seeds may also depend on AGP activity. AGP capacities as expressed by AGP activity seem to have a good predicting value for the dry matter of leaf and seed at R1 to R5 stages in our series of R3 stage genotypes. Western blots probed with antibody specific to the subunit of potato AGP revealed a single 60KD immunoreactive band that changed in intensity during the growth cycle in association with changes in total AGP activity.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2019

Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr) is commonly consumed and found in major foods including soymilk, soy sauce, tofu, and soy sprout in Korea and east Asia. In addition, it is common to cook the whole seeds with rice. Soybean is known to have ranges of health benefits including antiaging, anticancer, neuroprotective and antidiabetic taken either as supplement or dietary food. Anthocyanins and flavonoids in G. max are found to be the main contributors to such wide arrays of health benefits. Due to increasing economic values of soybean, development of specialty soybean cultivars is becoming an area of interest worldwide. In this study, 746 black soybean accessions from National Agrobiodiversity Center were characterized as part of an attempt to identify important germplasms of G. max. Seed coats of each accession were analyzed for their total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-Glucoside (C-3-O-G), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (D-3-O-G), petunidin-3-O-glucoside (Pt-3-O-G), and their whole seeds for crude protein contents. HPLC was used to determine and quantify the anthocyanin compositions while crude protein was determined using Kjeldahl method by Kjeltec auto-analyzer (Kjeltec 8400, Foss, Sweden). Accessions were grouped according to their anthocyanins and protein contents; the mean content of which were correlated to agronomic traits including maturity date, one hundred seed weight, cotyledon color and seed lust color. The results indicated that the total anthocyanin content (TAC) ranged from 273.77 to 6250.52 mg/100 g, with mean value of 1853.03 mg/100 g while the crude protein content (CPC) being between 33.43 and 47.51%, with mean value of 40.81%. The highest number of accessions (45.97%) showed TAC between 1000~1900 mg/100 g while 30.96% of accessions showed CPC between 41~43%. Among the 746 accessions considered, 11 (IT142935, 175818, 175855, 177191, 177209, 177211, 177214, 177216, 177218, 177220, 177274) of them showed TAC above 4000 mg/100 g. C-3-O-G was found to be the major contributor to TAC showing strong correlation. Accessions with green cotyledon color showed high mean TAC compared to those having yellow cotyledon color, and accessions with dull seed lust color showed high mean TAC than those having shiny seed lust color. One hundred seeds weight and maturity date showed positive correlation with all anthocyanin contents, except for Pt-3-O-G in the latter case. The overall result of the present study could be used as background for developing new black soybean cultivars and breeds with high anthocyanin and protein contents. The result depicted that many of the accessions could be used as potential parental lines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effects of seed storage methods and pre-treatments on seed germination, soil types and shading conditions on potted seedlings growth of S. sieboldiana var. pendula and S. sieboldiana for. xanthocarpa, endemic species in Korea. The seed germination rate of S. sieboldiana var. pendula was the highest at 48.6% when seeds were treated with stratification for 60 days and then soaked in 100 ppm $GA_3$. And seed germination rate of S. sieboldiana for. xanthocarpa was the highest at 51.4% when seeds were pre-chilled for 30 days and then soaked in 100 ppm $GA_3$. And potted seedlings of S. sieboldiana var. pendula showed the best quality under 50% shading in bedsoil with the growth characteristics of plant height (41 cm), number of leaves(8), leaf width (16 cm), leaf length (18 cm), root length (22 cm), fresh weight(aerial part/root part; 20/6.9 g) and dry weight(aerial part/root part; 4.5/2.0 g). And potted seedlings of S. sieboldiana for. xanthocarpa showed the best quality under non-shading in bedsoil with the growth characteristics of plant height (39 cm), number of leaves(10), leaf width (12 cm), leaf length (15 cm), root length (22 cm), fresh weight (aerial part/root part; 21/13 g) and dry weight (aerial part/root part; 4.2/2.2 g). Therefore, seeds treated with stratification or prechilling and then soaked in $GA_3$ were effective in germination of S. sieboldiana var. pendula and S. sieboldiana for. xanthocarpa, and potted seedlings should be cultivated in bedsoil under non or 50% shading condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the major agronomic characteristics Korean of 85 and Chinese Jilim Province of 5 local varieties of perilla at Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2001. Perilla accessions examined were classified into three maturity groups, i.e, early, medium, and late maturity group of $19\;(23\%),\;57\;(67\%)$, and $9\;(10\%)$ accessions, respectively. The early and late maturity groups mainly consisted of collections from middle-northern area and southern area, respectively, while the medium group consisted of accessions from all over the country. But chinese Jilim collection wad all mediumgroup. Average 1,000-seed weight(TSW) was 2.7 g. TSW of the collection from Hamyang was the greatest a 3.9g, while the TSW of Pyungchang collection was the smallest as 1.7g, and most of collections produced medium and small seeds. Perilla accessions with greate 1,000-seed weight seemed to be belonged to the late maturity group. Chinese collection was 2.2 to 3.19g and overage was 2.6g in average. Accodingly TSW hadn't more variegation than Korean. Seed coat colors of gorilla accessions were dark brown$(30\%)$, brown$(55\%)$ and gray brown$(6\%)$, respectively. Among seed coat colors, brown color consisted of $91\%$. Chinese was dark brown$(20\%)$, brown$(80\%)$ in color. Positively correlated that stem height, the number of nodes, branches and flower clusters with Korean and Chinese collection, capsules per flower cluster and the length of flower cluster with Korean collection and 1,000-seed weight and maturing period, flower clusters, stem height and the number of nodes with Chinese collection. And negatively correlated that the number of capsules per flower cluster and 1,000-seed weight with Korean collection and the length of flower cluster, stem height, branches, the number of nodes and flower clusters with Chinese collection.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

This study analyzed the growth, seed quality, and yield of major early-maturing soybean cultivars by comparing them in order to utilize the research results in the selection of early-maturing soybean cultivars in multi-cropping farms in the Southern area. This field trial was conducted at Naju region (latitude $35^{\circ}04'N$, longitude $126^{\circ}54'E$), Jeonnam, with planting on June 15. The maturing date for Keunol-kong and Hwaseong-put-kong was found to be around September 12, which was earlier than other cultivars. Thus, there were advantages to introducing a cropping system as well as having good seed quality and high yield. On the other hand, the maturing date for Saeol-kong and Sinrok-kong was found to be around September 20, which was a little bit late; however, the seed quality of the cultivars was good and they had a high yield. Therefore, if we want to sow the following crops of soybeans around mid-September, Keunol-kong and Hwaseong-put-kong are advantageous, while for the seeding around late September, Saeol-kong and Sinrok-kong would be good. This study was also performed to identify the limitation time for early harvesting by reviewing seed quality and yield of major early-maturing soybean cultivars according to early harvesting. When harvesting Keunol-kong on September 6, which was six days earlier than the optimal harvesting time (September 12), there was no difference in seed weight, yield, or seed quality than those of the harvested at the optimum maturing time. As for Saeol-kong, when harvesting on September 18, which was six days earlier than the optimal harvesting time (September 24), there was no difference in seed weight, yield, or seed quality than those of the harvested at the optimum maturing time. Therefore, the stable limitation time for early harvesting of Keunol-kong and Saeol-kong was concluded to be six days earlier than the optimal harvesting time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2010

A high sugar rice cultivar 'Danmi' which has been recently developed and released in the Functional Crop Resource Development Division, Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, has high glucose and sucrose contents but has a poor seed development. This defect poses some problem in ensuring stable seedling establishment in the nursery bed. We examined the germination and seedling emergence characteristics of 'Danmi' and determined an optimum seeding rate for seedling establishment. 'Danmi' seeds has a light 1,000-grain weight of 18.2g compared with Ilmibyeo's 26.7g. The 97.4% of 'Danmi' seeds has specific gravity below 1.0 while only 2.0% of seeds was fully developed with specific gravity above 1.12. However, the reverse is true in the Ilmibyeo seed used as a control cultivar. Although the seed germination of Danmi was 89-91% regardless of seed specific gravity but at a slower rate than Ilmibyeo regardless of water soaking temperatures of $20-30^{\circ}C$ because of high seed amount of specific gravity below 1.0 in 'Danmi'. It took 2～4 days longer of seed soaking in the Danmi seeds than Ilmibyeo before germination. 'Danmi' has low normal seedling emergence rate than Ilmibyeo in the seedbed soil due to high percentage of abnormal seedlings like stunting and incomplete growth. Normal seedling emergence rate of 'Danmi' in the seedbed was 62.6～64.9% for 10-day old seedling and 83.5～86.7% for 30-day old seedling which is lower by 29.6～30.0% and 11.3～12%, respectively than Ilmibyeo. Although 'Danmi' has low normal seedling emergence rate, but it has greater seed number per weight basis. Therefore, based on the normal seedling number per unit area of Ilmibyeo(control cultivar) for seedling rate of 10-day and 30-day old seedlings, the recommended seeding rate of 'Danmi' for transplanting rice is 220g seeds for 10-day old seedling and 130g for 30-day old seedling per nursery box, which is equivalent to 1.5 times seed volumes of Ilmibyeo.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated sulfate on the germination rate, growth rate and the productivity of weight of kudzu (Pueraria thwnbergiana Bentham). The germination rate of kudzu seed by one or two treatment retreatment with the concentrated sulfate for minutes of 5. 10, 15 and 20 were determined respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In the time of concentrated sulfate treatment, the germination rate was the highest in the once treatment for 20 minute. and the retreatment was higher than the once treatment in the germination rate. 2. The changes of plant length by growth stage was grown gradually until for 60 day and rapidly after for 60 day. The growth rate was the highest in treatment for 15 minute than in other treatments. 3. The stem diameter. stem weight. fresh weight and root weight by the treatment with sulfate 15 minute as the treatment with once were high degree of productivity. 4. The number of branch. number of nodes and root weight by the growth stage were higher growth rate before for 90 day than after for 90 day, however stem weight and fresh weight were high degree of productivity after for 60 day.