• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

This study set out to investigate the changes to the growth, yield, and flavonoid contents of mungbean according to different seeding times from mid May to mid July in the southern region of Korea. Days to first flowering, days to first maturing, and cultivation period were shorter at later seeding time than earlier seeding time. But later the seeding time was, days from first maturing to first harvesting, days required between harvesting increased. Number of pods at first harvesting and yield of mungbean were highest when seeded at late June, showing increase in yield 14% more than at early June as standard seeding time. However number of seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight at first harvesting were highest when seeded at mid July. The number of harvesting was smallest at two times when seeded at June or mid July. The contents of average vitexin and isovitexin in mungbean were highest in the order of mid July, late June, and mid May. In particular, their contents reached its highest point in the seeds of the second harvest. Considering the results of the cultivation period, yield, harvesting times, vitexin and isovitexin contents, the proper seeding time of mungbeans in the southern region of Korea will be from late June to mid July.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.634-641
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• 2014

In order to elucidate the ecological and phenological responses of bean under global warming situation, we investigated leafing and flowering phenomena and growth traits of Baktae and Seomoktae in control plot (ambient $CO_2$ concentration and temperature) and warmed plot (elevated $CO_2$ concentration and increased temperature than control) in green house. Average $CO_2$ concentration and temperature were set 540 ppm in treatment and higher $2.2^{\circ}C$ in treatment than control. The appearance of leaf unfolding and the initiation of blooming and fruit maturing in Seomoktae were late in treatment than control. In case of Baktae, the number of total pods and seeds per plant in treatment was fewer than that in control. For Seomoktae, the number of total pods per plant and weight of total seeds per plant were decreased in treatment than in control. Thus, the number of pods and seeds of Baktae declined and the production of Seomoktae was decreased under global warming condition. This result indicates that site selection and crop yield for cultivating of the bean may be changed into new area due to global warming condition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.173-176
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• 2016

This research was performed to breed new columnar-typed apple variety for pollinator in apple orchard. We cross-fertilized 'Hongro' that was an ovary parent and 'Maypole' a pollen parent in 2003. We gathered seeds in 2003 and sowed after breaking of dormancy in 2004. Seedlings was been growth and development till flowering. After fruit setting, We investigated characteristics of growth and fruit including mating compatibility from 2010 to 2012, then finally selected '03-2-95' named 'Tinkerbell' in 2012, registered as new variety on Korea Seed & Variety Service in 2015. The full bloom stage of 'Tinkerbell' was later 2 days then of 'Maypole'. Tree habit of 'Tinkerbell' was alike to of 'Maypole', for example weak tree vigor, columnar type. But there were many different characteristics between 'Tinkerbell' and 'Maypole'. Fruit shape of 'Tinkerbell' was ovoid whereas of 'Maypole' was ellipsoid. Fruit of 'Tinkerbell' was bigger, smoother skin, no waxy bloom than of 'Maypole'. Fruit of 'Tinkerbell' was more delicious than of 'Maypole' because of having higher soluble sugar content and lower titratable acidity. 'Tinkerbell' was excellent pollinator in apple orchard. Because of having high fruit setting rate with major apple varieties and a narrow tree width that was advantageous as pollinator in apple high density system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.184-192
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature ($15{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) and the spraying plant growth regulators ($GA_{4+7}+BA$ and prohexadione-calcium) during full blooming on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of the commercial apple cultivars ('Fuji' and 'Tsugaru') and apple cultivars bred in Korea ('Chukwang', 'Gamhong', 'Hongan', 'Honggeum', 'Hongro', 'Hwahong', 'Hongso', 'Summer dream' and 'Sunhong'). Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were increased with increasing temperature from 15 to $25^{\circ}C$, but high temperature over $30^{\circ}C$ inhibit those. The apple cultivar bred in Korea that shows the highest value on pollen germination and pollen tube growth at over $30^{\circ}C$ was 'Sunhong'. The spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth than control, but that effect was not show at $40^{\circ}C$. The spraying prohexadione-calcium was not affect to pollen germination and pollen tube growth. In conclusion, if the air temperature during full bloom of apple tree rises about $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, the spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ after artificial pollination will be good to increasing fruit set.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2008

For effective production of interspecific hybrids of Lilium and valuable new cultivars, we used Lilium Asiatic hybrid 'Tiny Ghost' as the female parent, and Oriental group, and Longiflorum group and Martagon as the male parents. Percentage pollen germination in Oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne' was the highest with 64%. As results of using normal style pollination and cut style pollination methods, all seed sets were formed in normal style pollinated treatment, except in 'Aktiva'. Pollen germination percent of Longiflorum hybrid 'Norina' was higher than that 'Gelria'. However, all crossings using 'Norina' failed to set seeds. Corresponding fertilization ratio was different from genetic compatibility, even in the same group. From the crossing using 'Aktiva' as the male parent one bulb was obtained derived from one embryo sac. And using 'Sorbonne' as the male parent, one plantlet was obtained after four ovule cultures. Crossing using 'Gelria' as the male parent five embryos, 15 embryo sacs, and seven ovules per one ovary were obtained. Among them, 18 plantlets germinated, with the germination percent of 66.7%. Crossings using L. hansonii, Martagon group, as the male parent resulted in 40% germination from five ovules.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of vegetation recovery such as the vegetation change and the effect of artificial restoration measures according to the number of years since the restoration works at the damaged Jungbong and Nuebong area in Mudeungsan National Park. We set up a total of 21 survey areas including 11 monitoring areas to analyze the flora, relative dominance, species diversity, and similarity in the restored site after relocation of Zungbong army base in 1996 and the restored site after the demolition of Neeebong telecommunication facility in 1999 and 10 control areas in the adjacent natural forest to assess the vegetation recovery in the restored sites and the nearby natural forest. The Mean Similarity Index of seed composition was relatively low at 3.5% in the Jungbong restoration site 17 years after the restoration, and the height of shrub layer, in which azaleas and furred azaleas appeared, recovered to the level of 82.6%. We concluded that it is necessary to continue monitoring the restored sites to develop the recovery assessment method and recovery work technology for sub-alpine areas in Mudeungsan National Park and other national park areas.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.3
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• pp.139-177
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• 2001

'Inha University' (Inha Institute of Technology) was founded on April 1954. The establishment of Inha University has several special meanings. First, I tried to examine the establishing process of Inha University in the context of emigrations and nationalist movements. Inha University was established to commemorate the 50th anniversary of emigration to Hawaii, with the seed money of $150,000 which came from the sale of 'Korean Christian Institute' in Hawaii. Korean Christian Institute had taken charge of teaching the children of Korean residents in Hawaii. Rhee Syhngman, the fist president of Republic Korea was the leader in founding Korean Christian Institute and Inha University, but behind him there were donations of both Korean residents in Hawaii and common Korean people of the 1950's. The establishment of Inha University has a nation-wide and national meaning in that the spirit of nationalist movements in Hawaii and donations of Korean people at home and abroad were linked together. Second, I tried to examine the economic and educational policies after the liberation in 1945. In the 1950's Korea planned to set up self-supporting economy with the aid of America. Accordingly, the educational policy had to be considered in view of economic independence, too. 'Inha Institute of Technology' was the result of these national economic and educational demands. Consequently Inha Institute of Technology took a special position of carrying out national policies with the intervention and protection of the Government, including the president Rhee Syungman in person, even though it was neither national not public but private college. Third, I tried to examine the local history of Incheon. How did Inha Institute of Technology come to be built in Incheon? That's because the emigrant ships departed from Incheon. For those Korean emigrants, it is quite natural that the city of Incheon has a symbolic and commemorative meaning. In addition, Incheon is a port city neighboring the capital Seoul and has 'Seoul-Incheon Industrial Complex' in it. Graduates from Inha Institute of Technology were expected to act as competent scientists and technical leaders of that complex. Really Inha Institute of Technology trained many a good technicians with short-term courses and re-educated them after. The history of university has been usually underestimated as that of mere institution. In dealing with the history of Inha University as an example, I tried to re-examine the history of university in the context of Korean history and to emphasize the importance of keeping any all records relating universities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2022

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) on rice panicles is getting problematic in recent several years in Korea due to climate changes such as high temperature and more frequent typhoons during harvesting season. PHS negatively affects grain quality severely and also yield. Genetic improvement of Korean varieties (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) through a marker assisted-backcross breeding (MAB) with the known PHS resistant genes must be one of ideal solutions. However, the final breeding products of MAB occasionally exhibit unwanted traits, especially the cross between genetically distant parents. This might be caused by linkage drag and/or presence of the gene-unlinked donor introgressions, resulting that the final products could not be released to the farmers. The major PHS resistance gene, Sdr4 (Seed dormancy 4) originated from an indica cultivar, Kasalath was selected as a donor gene. In order to avoid unexpected phenotypes in the breeding products, we performed a precision marker-based breeding (PMBB) consisting of foreground, recombinant, and background selections (FS, RS, and BS) which aim to develop 'single small introgression lines' (~100 kb introgression). Korean varieties (Ilpum and Gopum) were crossed with Kasalath. We developed Sdr4-allele specific markers for FS and a set of polymorphic flanking markers near the Sdr4 (-350kb and +420kb) for RS. To minimize linkage drag, the small introgression (< 125kb) containing Sdr4 was selected in Ilpum background (BC₂F₄) through 1^st RS with ~1,200 F₂ or BC₁F₂ plants (one side trimmed) and then 2^nd RS with ~1,000 progenies from the 1^st RS selected plants (another side trimmed). After RS, the selected lines were genotyped by using Infinium 7K SNP chip to detect other donor introgressions and the lines were backcrossed. Currently BS is on-going from the backcross-derived progenies with BS markers to remove residual introgressions. During the PMBB process, genetic effect of Sdr-4-Kasalath allele was confirmed in Ilpum and Gopum backgrounds by PHS phenotyping using the segregating BC₂F₃ or BC₁F₄ materials. The Sdr4 PMBB lines in Ilpum background (< 125kb introgression) will be valuable genetic resources to improve PHS resistance in modem popular temperate japonica varieties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.338-350
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• 1988

In order to solve the taxonomic problems of the genus Juniperus growing in South Korea, an identification key of the genus and species was developed bayed un flower structure, cane and seed shape, branching habit, tree form, leaf characteristics etc. of the 7 native species and the a exotic cultivars. The typical pattern of karyotype found by chromosome analysis of the species was used for the identification among morphologically similar species. The length of chromosome were ranged $9{\sim}15{\mu}m$ in all studied specie. J. chinensis, var. procumbens, and var. kaizuka sere tetraploid, 4n=44, var. globosa, var. procumbens, var. horizontalis, J. virginiada, J. rigida, J. rigida var. longicarpa, and J. coreana were diploid, 2n=22. The species in the Sabina section showed large variation in the length of chromosome and kinetochore position. The species in the Oxycedrus section showed the cytological characteristics that the 11th chromosome t-type(acrocentric), and the m-type abundant chromosome set was relatively uniform as compared to those of the Sabina section. The species in the Sabina section, which are planted in the large city area, show great morphological variation because many different ecotypes were mixed and often crossed among them. In summary, this study was able to make clear identification and to find out similarity among Juniperus, species by the morphological and cytological analysis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.278-286
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• 2019

Sesbania, an annual herb, is known for its high forage value and salt tolerance. It has merits as a forage crop that is adaptable to reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, we collected Sesbania genetic resources from the Republic of Korea and other countries, and conducted experiments to evaluate their potential as a forage crop in Korean climate and soil conditions. In the preliminary experiments, 15 genetic resources which were able to set seeds in Korean environment were selected out of a total of 46 collected genetic resources. Among 15 genetic resources, SL13 was the tallest and it was followed by that of SC04, SR01 and SE07. The accessions with the earliest flowering started flowering 101 days after sowing and set seed in early August. Fifteen accessions were evaluated for their salt tolerance at germination stage based on germination rate and growth of germinated seedlings at 0 mM, 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentrations. Five genetic resources like SC04, SL13, SS20, SS24 and SR01 were selected to be tolerant to NaCl treatment. Forage value was evaluated based on crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The forage value of leaves was significantly higher than that of stems, and the forage value of the stem was slightly better than that of rice straw. The forage value of leaves of all the genetic resources was higher than grade 1 by the American Forage and Grassland Council grade. Among five selected genetic resources, the relative feed value of SC04 was the highest and it was followed by that of SS20, SL13, SS24 and SR01.