Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Temperature and Plant Growth Regulators on Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Apple Cultivars Bred in Korea

온도 및 생장조절제가 국내 육성 사과 품종의 화분발아율 및 화분관 신장에 미치는 영향

  • Kweon, Hun-Joong (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Moo-Yong (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Yang-Yik (Plant Variety Protection Division, Korea Seed and Variety Service) ;
  • Son, Kwang-Min (Extension Planning Division, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Sagong, Dong-Hoon (Department of Horticulture, Daegu University)
  • 권헌중 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과연구소) ;
  • 박무용 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과연구소) ;
  • 송양익 (국립종자원 품종보호과) ;
  • 손광민 (경상북도농업기술원 지원기획과) ;
  • 사공동훈 (대구대학교 원예학과)
  • Received : 2016.07.04
  • Accepted : 2016.09.08
  • Published : 2016.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature ($15{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) and the spraying plant growth regulators ($GA_{4+7}+BA$ and prohexadione-calcium) during full blooming on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of the commercial apple cultivars ('Fuji' and 'Tsugaru') and apple cultivars bred in Korea ('Chukwang', 'Gamhong', 'Hongan', 'Honggeum', 'Hongro', 'Hwahong', 'Hongso', 'Summer dream' and 'Sunhong'). Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were increased with increasing temperature from 15 to $25^{\circ}C$, but high temperature over $30^{\circ}C$ inhibit those. The apple cultivar bred in Korea that shows the highest value on pollen germination and pollen tube growth at over $30^{\circ}C$ was 'Sunhong'. The spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth than control, but that effect was not show at $40^{\circ}C$. The spraying prohexadione-calcium was not affect to pollen germination and pollen tube growth. In conclusion, if the air temperature during full bloom of apple tree rises about $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, the spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ after artificial pollination will be good to increasing fruit set.

본 시험은 만개기 기온($15{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) 및 생장조절제($GA_{4+7}+BA$와 prohexadione-calcium) 살포가 국내 주요 사과 품종('후지', '쓰가루')과 국내에서 육성한 품종들('추광', '감홍', '홍안', '홍금', '홍로', '홍소', '화홍', '섬머드림', '선홍')의 화분 발아율 및 화분관 신장에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. $15^{\circ}C$부터 $25^{\circ}C$까지 온도가 올라갈수록 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이는 증가되었으나, $30^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온은 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이를 억제시켰다. $30^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이가 가장 높았던 국내 육성 사과품종은 '선홍'이었다. $GA_{4+7}+BA$ 살포는 무처리구에 비해 화분 발아율 및 화분관 신장 길이를 증진시켰으나, 이러한 효과는 $40^{\circ}C$에서 발생하지 않았다. prohexadione-calcium 살포는 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이에 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론적으로, 사과나무 만개기 기온이 $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ 정도로 높아지면, 인공수분 후 $GA_{4+7}+BA$를 살포하는 것이 착과 증진에 좋을 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Byun, J.K., T.G. Kang, and D.H. Lee. 1999. Effect of $GA_{4+7}$ + BA application at flowering stage on fruit development and seed formation of 'Fuji' apples. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 40(2):213-216.
  2. Cheon, B.D, J.S, Kang, and Y.W. Choi. 1999. Effect of sucrose calcium and boron added in the medium on pollen germination of peach (Prunus persica $S_{IEB}$). Journal of Agricultural Technology and Development Institute. 3(1):33-38.
  3. Dennis, F.G., Jr. 2003. Flowering, pollination and fruit set and development. p. 157-160. In: D.C Ferree and I.J. Warrington (eds.). Apples; botany, production and uses. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  4. Greene. D.W. 1999. Tree growth management and fruit quality of apple trees treated with prohexadione-calcium (BAS125). HortScience. 34(7)1209-1212.
  5. Heo, S., S.E. Han, S.I. Kwon, J.H. Jun, M.J. Kim, and H.J. Lee. 2011. Identification of S-allele genotypes of Korean apple cultivars by using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 52(2):158-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-011-0151-3
  6. Hopping, M.E. and E.M. Jerram. 1980. Supplementary pollination of tree fruits. I. Development of suspension media. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 23(4):509-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1980.10417875
  7. Hopping, M.E. and L.M. Simpson. 1982. Supplementary pollination of tree fruits. ?. Suspension media for kiwifruit pollen. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 25(4):245-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1982.10420919
  8. Kweon, H.J., D.H. Sagong, M.Y. Park, Y.Y. Song, K.H. Chung, J.C. Nam, J.H. Han, G.R. Do. 2013. Influence of $CO_2$ and air temperature on photosynthesis, shoot growth, and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree. Korea Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 15(4):245-263. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2013.15.4.245
  9. Lee, J.W., S.I. Kwon, J.H. Kim, and M.J. Kim. 2013. Mating compatibility between new apple from Korea and major cultivated varieties using artificial pollination and PCR test. Korea Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 31(Supply II):134-135.
  10. Ma, Y.H., F.W. ma, J.K. Zhang, M.J. Li, Y.H. Wamg, and D. Liang. 2008. Effects of high temperature on activities and gene expression of enzymes involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycle in apple leaves. Plant Science. 175(6):761-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.07.010
  11. Maita, S. and C. Sotomayor. 2015. The effect of three plant bioregulators on pollengermination, pollen tube growth and fruit set in almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] cvs. Non Pareil and Carmel. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 18(5):381-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.07.004
  12. Marcucci, M.C., T. Visser, and M.V. Tuyl. 1982. Pollen and pollination experiments. VI. Heat resistance of pollen. Euphytica. 31(2):287-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00021642
  13. Paek, K.Y. and S.T. Cheong. 1977. Effects of pesticides on pollen germination and fruit set in apple and pear cultivars during blooming periods. Environment, and Biotechnology. 18(2):125-136.
  14. Palmer, J,W., J.P. Prive, D.S. Tustin. 2003. Temperature. p. 225-227. In: D.C Ferree and I.J. Warrington (eds.). Apples; botany, production and uses. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  15. Park, J.G., J.S. Hong, I.M. Choi, J.B. Kim, S.H. Kim, and H.S. Park. 1998. Applications of artificial pollination, spraying gibberellin A4+7 plus benzyladenine for production of uniform fruits in 'Fuji' apples. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 16(1):27-29.
  16. Petropoulou, S.P. and F.H. Alston. 1998. Selecting for improved pollination at low temperatures in apple. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 73(4):507-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1998.11511006
  17. Sagong, D.H. Y.Y. Song, M.Y. Park, H.J. Kweon, M.J. Kim, T.M. Yoon. 2014. Photosynthesis, shoot growth and fruit quality in 'Fuji'/M.9 mature apple trees in response to prohexadione-calcium treatments. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 32(6):762-770. https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13019
  18. Seo, H.H. and K.M. Noh. 2010. Countermeasure of meteorological disaster and wild animal demage. p. 347. In: Y.J. Yim (ed.). Luxury strategy of apple. Semyung Press, Suwon, Korea.
  19. Shin, Y.U. and T.C. Kim. 2004. Flowering and fruit set. p. 162-165. In: D.S. Oh (ed). Fruit tree physiology in relation to temperature. Gilmogm Press., Seoul, Korea.
  20. Shin, Y.U. and M.J. Kim. 2010. Cultivar. p. 78-79. In: Y.J. Yim (ed.). Luxury strategy of apple. Semyung Press, Suwon, Korea.
  21. Wertheim, S.J. and H. Schmidt. 2005. Flowering, pollination and fruit set. p. 220-226. In: J. Tromp, J.T. Webster, and S.J. Wertheim (eds.). Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production. Backhuys publishers, Leiden.
  22. Yim, Y.J. 2015. Fruit science general. 1st ed. Hyangmoonsha Press. Seoul. Korea. p. 176-177.
  23. Yoo, J. B.K, Kang, D.H. Kim, J. Lee, D.H. Lee, H.J. Kweon, I.M. Choi, H.Y. Jung, M.G. Choung, D.G. Choi, I.K. Kang. 2016. Effect of flower and fruit thiner on fruit set and fruit quality of 'Gamhong Apples. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 34(1):24-31.
  24. Yoder, K., R. Yuan, L. Combs, R. Byers, J. McFerson, and T. Schmidt. 2009. Effects of Temperature and the combination of liquid lime sulfur and fish oil on pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and fruit set in apples. HortScience. 44(5):1277-1283.
  25. Zechmann, B., B. E. Koffler, and S.D. Russell. 2011. Glutathione synthesis is essential for pollen germination in vitro. Bio Med Centra plant biology. 11:54.