• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.1009-1020
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• 1996

Direct-seeded rice can have comparable yield with transplanted rice if its inherent problems can be solved. It is a labor-saving technology and can significantly reduce production cost because seedling nursery , pulling , and transplanting are omitted. Turnaround time between cropping is reduced hence the possibility of a third annual crop. But direct-seeded rice is very vulnerable to pest attack (by birds, rats, and golden snails), desiccation, weed infestation, and prone to lodging resulting to unstable crop establishment and inconsistent yield. These problems can be solved by anaerobic seeding (sowing pre-germinated seeds under the soil). It requires precise seed placement into the soil to optimize its benefits. We developed a four-row anaerobic direct seeder (US $ 200 commercial price) for this purpose . It consist of a structural framework mounted with a drum -hopper metering device, flotation type drivewheels, spring-loaded and adjustable furrow closers, and furrow open rs, and a plastic rainguard. It can sow in line pre-germinated seeds into the soil thus permitting the use of mechanical weeders for a chemical-free weed control. Its performance was comparable with the Japanese two-row anaerobic seeder (costing US$400) in terms of seed placement and crop establishment. It was tested with five cultivars. Seeding rate varied from 38 kg/ha to 80kg/ha. Crop establishment ranged from 64 to 99 percent while grain yield varied from 3.0 t/ha to 5.4t/ha. A six-row anaerobic seeder was also developed and adapted to a powertiller for increased capacity , field efficiency , and easier operation. The anaerobic seeder is useful to farmers shifting to direct seeding to reduce rice production cost and to researchers conducting agronomic studies in direct-seeded rice. Blueprint of the machine is available free of charge from IRRI.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to examine the germination characteristics of Atractylodes japonica seeds, and it was to develop the more efficient pre-treatment and production system of the seeds. Experiment was performed by two ways-temperature control (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and shading treatment (full sunlight, 35, 50, 75, 95% of full sunlight). Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatment (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) and shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 48 hours). Seeds of A. japonica were germinated well under temperature control (overall 85.3~100%), especially high temperature. And, the seeds pre-treated with LTW for 45 days germinated with a 100% success rate. Under the surveying shading treatment, the highest germination rate was 95.8% with DRT and overall 63.2~95.8%. Germination rate under seeds with WS was 63.2~7.8%. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica seeds don't need to pre-treat cause of high germination, but if it is performed with LTW for a certain period of time, it would be more productive.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.29-33
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• 1984

여름철에 분무(噴霧) 수경재배(水耕栽培)를 통(通)해 옥수수의 청초(靑草) 사료(飼料) 생산(生産)에 관(關)한 실험(實驗)을 하기 위하여 1985년(年) 6월(月) 28일(日)부터 7월(月) 17일(日) 까지 경북대학교내(慶北大學校內) 비닐하우스에서 실시(實施)한 본(本) 실험(實驗)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 24시간(時間) 침종(浸種)후 48시간(時間) 전처리(前處理)한 다음 치상한 것이 생육(生育)에 좋다고 사료(思料)된다. 2) 육묘(育苗) 상자당(箱子當) 450 g 치상한 것이 생초(生草) 1kg 생육(生育)에 드는 종자(種子)값이 가장 적게 들었다. 3) Hyponex 1,000배, Yogen 300배로 영양제(營養劑)를 매일(每日) 산포(散布)하는 것이 생체중(生體重)이 가장 무거웠고, 2일(日)에 1회(回) 산포시(散布時)는 Yogen 300배로, 3일(日)에 1회(回) 산포시(散布時)는 Hyponex 500배로 산포(散布)하는 것이 좋다고 사료(思料)된다. 그러나 생초(生草) 1 kg 생육(生育)에 드는 최소(最少)의 종자(種子)값만 73만원 정도(程度)의 비용(費用)이 들므로 여름철엔 청초(靑草) 사료(飼料) 구입(購入)이 용이(容易)한 계절(季節)인 관계(關係)로 여름철에 별(別)로 효과적(效果的)인 방법(方法)이 못된다고 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2022

오래전부터 산업곤충으로서 이용되어온 누에는 최근 바이오 신소재 생산을 위한 생체공장으로써 주목받고 있다. 소재생산을 위해서는 주로 형질전환 기술을 이용하게 되며, 이는 배아가 있는 알 속으로 목적 유전자를 삽입하는 마이크로인젝션(microinjection) 방식으로 이루어진다. 마이크로인젝션을 위해서는 알을 고정하는 과정이 필수적이며 시간 소모 및 피로도가 높은 작업이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시간 소모 및 피로도 개선을 통하여 형질전환 효율을 높이고자 3D 프린팅을 이용하여 알의 정렬 및 고정에 도움을 줄 수 있는 알 배열판(egg liner) 및 접착제 줄눈판(glue drawer)을 3DCADian 프로그램을 이용하여 모델링하고, Fusion 360를 이용하여 3차원 도면을 제작 후 프린팅하여 제작하였다. 제작된 두 도구를 이용하여 슬라이드 글라스에 알을 고정하고, 소요된 시간을 분석한 결과 도구를 사용하지 않았을 때에 비하여 2가지 도구를 이용했을 때 작업시간이 약18.6% 감소하였으며, 연구자의 작업 편의성을 향상시키고 마이크로인젝션을 위한 현미경 및 로봇 팔(manipulator) 조작을 유리하게 하였다. 따라서 알의 배열 수 또는 조작 편의성을 개선할 수 있는 추가적인 연구 및 개량이 이루어진다면, 알 배열판 및 접착제 줄눈판이 누에 형질전환 효율성 개선 및 다른 산업 곤충의 형질전환 연구에도 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1071-1078
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• 2007

Using a 50-1 airlift bioreactor, for the effective production of tylosin from Streptomyces fradiae TM-224 using raw cornmeal as the energy source, various environmental factors were studied in flask cultures. The maximum tylosin concentration was obtained at $32^{\circ}C$ and pH between 7.0 and 7.5. When seed was inoculated after 24 h of culture, the maximum tylosin concentration, 5.7 g/l, was obtained after 4 days of culture. Various concentrations of raw cornmeal were tested to investigate the optimum initial concentration for the tylosin production. An initial raw cornmeal concentration of 80 g/l gave the highest tylosin concentration, 5.8 g/l, after 5 days of culture. Of the various nitrogen sources, soybean meal and fish meal were found to be the most effective for the production of tylosin. In particular, with the optimal mixing ratio, 12 g/l of soybean meal to 14 g/l of fish meal, 7.2 g/l of tylosin was obtained after 5 days of culture. To compare raw cornmeal and glucose for the production of tylosin in the 50-1 airlift bioreactor for 10 days, fed-batch cultures were carried out under the optimum culture conditions. When raw com meal was used as the energy source, the tylosin production increased with increasing culture time. The maximum tylosin concentration after 10 days of culture was 13.5 g/l, with a product yield from raw cornmeal of 0.123 g/g of consumed carbon source, which was about 7.2 times higher than that obtained when glucose was used as the carbon source.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1998

The effects of inflorescence herbivory and flowering time on plant architecture and reproductive yields were examined with a perennial herbacious species, Vicia cracca, occurring in Natick, Massachusetts, USA. Natural herbivory on inflorescences was observed among the total of 157 plants during a growing season. Vegetative and reproductive characters were measured in the field as well as in the lab depending on the characters. Approximately 64% of the plants were subjected to herbivory on inflorescences. Plants were classified into three groups; unbrowsed plants, partially browsed, and totally browsed plants, according to the level of herbivory on inflorescences of each plant. Plants were also categorized by their flowering time such as early vs late flowering plants. Herbivores tended to favor inflorescences on rather small plants, resulting in a pattern of totally contact or partially intact inflorescences on taller plants. The mean number of stems, which was assumed to be a direct result of severe herbivory in this population, differed among herbivory groups. There also was a tendency that plants flowering late in the season had more nodes with more leaves, suggesting that herbivory on stem tips early in the season before flowering might have induced growth of side branches or branchlets along the main stems. Comparison between unbrowsed and partially browsed plants showed that the latter compensated for browsing in terms of numbers of inflorescences, fruits, seeds and seed size (weight), though they did not compensate in flower number. The probability of fruit production (presence vs absence of fruits) and seed weight declined toward the end of the season. These results suggest that resources are deficient at the end of the season. Almost complete reproductive failure in totally browsed plants is attributed to the destruction of inflorescence display and the disadvantage of small vegetative size of those plants. After all, in this population, a moderate level of herbivory on inflorescences did not reduce the maternal fitness of the plants. However, severe herbivory on inflorescences resulted in antagonistic interactions between plants and herbivores.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.50-50
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• 2017

Swampland is a potential alternative land to be used in various agricultural production activities in Indonesia, because Indonesia have 33.41 million hectares of swamp land that consists of 13.28 million hectares nontidal swamp and million hectares 20.13 tidal swamp. In the province of South Sumatra, because of unpredictable water level in the field before planting, farmers have been doing agronomic adaptation method through the delay time of transplanting and forced to apply more than one the nursery practice with the combination of a floating nursery method and a dry-bed nursery method. This study was aimed to (1) evaluate the seedling growth and tillering pattern of several popular Indonesian rice varieties, and (2) look for alternative technologies to get a better rice seedlings under two nursery methods in the nontidal swamp land. In the first experiment, the seedling growth characteristics of five rice varieties (Ciherang, Inpara 5, Inpara 9, Inpari 29, and Inpari 30) was evaluated by two methods of nursery, i.e. floating nursery and dry-bed nursery. In the second experiment, rice variety of Inpari 30 was treated with Zn seed priming and foliar fertilizer of 2,300 ppm N at the nursery stage. Those treatments were combined with the time of seedling under floating and dry-bed nursery. The results of the first experiment showed that of the five varieties tested, dry-bed nursery method showed better seedling growth than floating nursery. This was indicated by high leaf number, tiller number, tillers pattern, shoot-root ratio and relative growth rate. Ciherang and Inpari 30 showed high tiller number, and they had produced tertiary tiller in the sixth week of observation. Moreover, shorter period of floating and dry-bed nursery in combination with the treatment of Zn seed priming and spraying seedling with foliar fertilizer N could improve the growth of seedlings.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

Chamaecyparis obtusa is one of the economical conifers planted in Korea due to its good quality timber and wood characteristics. Individuals of C. obtusa containing high terpenes (HT) and low terpenes (LT) were selected for by colorimetric method. The HT of C. obtusa was delayed in wilting against various abiotic stresses compared to the LT plants. The HT group exposed to UV did not significant influence the chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll value was higher in the HT group than the LT group. Also, chilling treatment (5℃) did not significant influence on the chlorophyll content. However treatment at -4℃ showed relatively low chlorophyll content in the LT group than the HT group. Plants exposure to high temperature was not a difference between the HT and the LT group. However, treatment at 38℃ influenced the chlorophyll content that was increased exposure time-dependently. In salt treatments, chlorophyll in the HT group was lower at high concentrations (300 and 500 mM) of NaCl. However, chlorophyll content increased to slightly in treatment time-dependently, which is 6.7% to 40%. H2O2 treatment has been a negative effect on the chlorophyll content in the HT group. All concentration of H2O2 decreased the chlorophyll content of 5% to 35%. Plants containing high terpenoids were resisted against some abiotic stress such as salt and H2O2. Our results implied that terpenoids could cause various abiotic stress resistance. These results could be utilized for efficient management and biomass production during forest silvicultures.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2014

홍삼(Red Ginseng; RG)은 인삼보다 더 높은 생체 흡수율과 다양한 약리효과를 갖는 특이한 진세노사이드(Rg2, Rg3)를 함유하고 있다. 따라서 오랫동안 많은 사람들의 건강을 위해 이용되어 왔다. 또한 발효는 유효한 생리활성을 갖는 저분자의 물질들을 생성하기 때문에 많은 연구자들이 생물학적 활성에 대해 오랫동안 연구해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 홍삼을 붉은덕다리버섯 균사체로 7일 동안 발효하였다. HPLC 분석 결과 진세노사이드 Rg1, Re 및 Rb2가 각각 0.24, 0.25, 0.16 mg/g에서 0.12, 0.1, 0.03 mg/g으로 함량 감소를 확인하였고, 홍삼 붉은덕다리 균사체배양액(Fermented Red Ginseng; FRG)의 항염, 세포 이동, 항산화, 콜라겐 타입 I 합성과 MMP-1 억제효능에 대한 생물학적 효능을 확인하였다. 그 결과, FRG는 RG보다 항염 및 cell migration 촉진효과가 더 우수하였다. FRG는 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포의 NO 생성을 억제하였으며, iNOS와 IL-6의 발현을 mRNA 수준에서 억제하였다. 이 결과로 FRG는 새로운 항염소재로서 제안이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 고순도의 모데나이트(Mordenite) 입자를 합성하기 위하여 천연 제올라이트를 시드로 사용하여 시드의 농도 및 수열합성 시간에 따른 천연 제올라이트 시드가 합성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 시드가 입자의 형성에 큰 영향을 끼치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 시드를 3 g/100 g batch 주입하여 $140^{\circ}C$에서 72시간 동안 수열합성을 진행하였을 때 $1-2{\mu}m$ 사이즈의 고순도 모데나이트 입자를 합성할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 모데나이트 입자의 성장 기구를 규명할 수 있었으며, 모데나이트 입자 형성에 있어 시드는 첫째, 구형 모데나이트 전구체 형성 자리 공급의 역할과, 둘째 모데나이트 원료 물질 소스 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 합성된 모데나이트 입자의 가스 흡착량 분석 결과 $CO_2$ 기체의 흡착량이 97.19 mg/g로 다른 가스들에 비해 비교적 높은 흡착성능을 보였으며, $CO_2/H_2$의 선택도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 용도에 맞는 고순도 상의 모데나이트 입자를 합성할 수 있음을 확인하였고 보다 낮은 가격으로 우수한 분리성능을 갖는 분리막 소재개발에 활용할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.