• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.108-111
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• 2005

Studies were conducted to develop new breeding resources using wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) species. In 132 wild soybeans, the average crude protein content was $45.4\%$, ranged from $37.4\%\;to\;50.2\%$ and average crude oil content was $9.3\%$ showing lower than cultivated soybean. The average total amino-acids content was $19,214\;{\mu}g/g$, containing $252\;{\mu}g/g$ of methionine and $103\;{\mu}g/g$ of cysteine, a sulfur containing amino-acid. In ratio of individual amino-acids, the glutamic acid, methionine and cystein content was $16.1\%,\;1.3\%,\;and\;0.5\%$, respectively. The correlation between total amino-acid and sulfur containing amino-acid was not significant. Total isoflavone concentration was, on average, $1,105\;{\mu}g/g$ in wild soybean germplasm. As a result of comparison with total isoflavone and genestein contents, significant positive correlations were observed between total isoflavone and genistein concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.424-439
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• 1990

The protein content of seed meal were examined to evaluate genotypes of higher protein content from 164 peanut germplasms. The variations in amino acids content were investigated from nine Korean leading varieties grown at five locations. Amino acids contents of protein fractions were also ana lysed in the present study, too. The results of the study were summarized as fallows. The seed protein of 164 peanut varieties averaged 24.5% ranging from 19.5% to 28.7%, showed 9.2% varietal variation in proteins. Differences were not observed in protein content between plant types, however, protein contents were higher in small-seeded than large seeded varieties. The differences were more greater particulaly in Spanish type varieties. The varieties introduced from Taiwan and Philippine showed higher protein contents, and the cultivars or lines bred in Korea and introduced from Japan were lower in protein contents. protein contents showed non-significantly negative correlations with 100-kernel weight and pod weight per plant, but positive correlations were observed between oil and protein content in all types of peanuts. Significant differences among the varieties and locations were observed for total, essential and non-essential amino acids contents, and aspartic acid. Locational differences for arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine and tyrosine, and varietal difference for phenylalanene were revealed as significant. The limiting amino acids from the leading varieties were isoleucine, methionine, threonine, alanine and tyrosine, comparing with FAO recommanding levels of amino acids. Among the protein fractions prolamins was the highest in total amino acids, but essential amino acids was the highest in globulins

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the variations in 42 local perilla collected in Kangwon province of Korea and to provide basic informations which can be utilize in perilla breeding programs. The results obtained were summarized as the follows. Maturing period was widely distributed from 109 to 140 days. The maturing periods of most collections were 116 to 130 days(95.2％). and that 4.8％ of collections shown maturing period of below 115 days and above 131 days. Three varieties 109 day of maturing period were selected among local perilla collected from Yanggu gun. Stem length was ranged from 80 to 140 cm. The stem length of 111 to 130 cm, below 111 cm, and above 131 cm were 54.8％, 38.6％, and 16.7％, respectively. The number of cluster per plant was distributed 23 to 120. The distribution of cluster numbers were 40 to 70, under 40, and above 100 was 57.2％, 16.7％, and 11.9％, respectively. The number of seed capsules was distributed 20 to 40 and the collections ranged from at of 30 to 35 was 38.1 ％. Seed cluster length was distributed from 5.1 to 9.0 cm and that ranged from 6.1 to 8.0 cm was 64.3％, 1,000 grain weight ranged from 1.7 to 3.8 g. The distribution of 1,000 grain weight is 2.4 to 2.6 g, 3.0 to 3.2 g, and below 2.9 g was 35.7％, 19.1％, respectively. The 1,000 grain most weight 3.8 g was selected among local perilla collected in Hwacheon gun.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

Seed oils (triacylglycerols) of plants are used as a source of essential fatty acids and nutrition for human. In addition, triacylglycerols have been used as industrial raw materials and biofuels. Triacylglycerols are mainly accumulated in seeds by complicated biochemical pathways. Fatty acids are synthesized in the plastids and transported into the endoplasmic reticulum for synthesizing triacylglycerols. It is known for a long time that biosynthesis of triacylglycerols is performed by a de novo synthesis, the Kennedy pathway. However recent studies have revealed that phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membrane, plays a central role for triacylglycerols biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine is a key regulator determining the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds. It may be a major carrier for the fluxes of fatty acids from the plastid to the endoplasmic reticulum. This finding further suggests that studies of the functions of enzymes involved in the fluxes of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine to triacylglycerols elucidate the specialized subdomains in the endoplasmic reticulum for triacylglycerols biosynthesis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.498-501
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• 2011

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents are the key factors to determine the quality of organic fertilizers and right amount of application for agricultural uses. The major nutrient contents in raw materials used for making organic fertilizers and products were evaluated in this study. Among the raw materials that were investigated, soybean cake gave the highest total N content at $76g\;kg^{-1}$, followed by perilla cake ($70g\;kg^{-1}$), rape seed oil cake ($66g\;kg^{-1}$), cotton seed cake ($54g\;kg^{-1}$), and rice bran ($22g\;kg^{-1}$). We investigated 43 organic fertilizers and our results showed widely varied concentrations of major nutrients : total N at $30.5-139g\;kg^{-1}$, total $P_2O_5$ at $2.3-96.3g\;kg^{-1}$, and total $K_2O$ at $0.1-29.3g\;kg^{-1}$. Our study would like to emphasize the importance of nutrient content labeling in packed organic fertilizers to be able to know its efficiency and for determining the right amount for application.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.587-590
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• 2011

A new sesame variety 'Yunheuk' was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2007. A cross was made by 'Yoosung' with weak disease resistance and 'Kunheuk' with high yield capacity & quality, followed by pedigree selection, yield test and regional yield trial (RYT) by the sesame breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science and Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute up to 2007. The variety showed higher lodging resistance and more dark seed coloring rather than that of check variety 'Yangheuk'. Average stem length and the number of capsules per plant is 118 cm, 79 cm respectively. Its 1,000 grains weight is about 2.67 g indicating 0.10 g lower than that of 'Yangheuk', and its oil content is about 46.4%. 'Yunheuk' also contains total 2.59 mg/g of such lignans as sesamin and sesamolin. And its dark color density ($L^*$ Value) of seed coat is 22.43 which was about 10% lower than that of check variety. The average yield of 'Yunheuk' was 99.9 kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2019

Mobilization of storage lipids is critical for the germination of oil seeds, as they supply carbon and energy until photosynthesis commences in cotyledons. In this study, we determined the levels of plant carnitine and associated changes in these levels from seed germination to cotyledon senescence. We also examined changes in the content of unsaturated fatty acids throughout seedling development. Carnitine levels peaked on day 3 at 14.5 nM in cotyledons and decreased sharply to 7.2 nM on day 4. On development day 3 carnitine levels were maintained at around 3 nM until day 7. The unsaturated fatty acid content dropped by half at the same time as carnitine peaked (day-3), and storage lipids were almost depleted by day 5. Thereafter, carnitine was hardly detected until the second stage of cotyledon senescence, at which stage the carnitine content was 6.8 nM, similar to that on day 4 at the time of fatty acid depletion in the cotyledons. Unsaturated fatty acids levels remained constant in green cotyledons but slightly increased in the senescing cotyledons. The latter can be explained by intracellular breakdown of membrane lipids. This is the first such discovery in developing cotyledons and may offer clues regarding other roles of the acetyl unit transport system in plants. The expression of BOU was closely associated with carnitine metabolism during seed germination and cotyledon development. The results provide support for the possibility of carbon re-routing during the glyoxylate cycle in the supply of energy for early germination and development.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.494-502
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Reducing the number of adipocytes by inducing apoptosis of mature adipocytes as well as suppressing differentiation of preadipocytes plays an important role in preventing obesity. This study examines the anti-adipogenic and pro-apoptotic effect of red pepper seed water extract (RPS) prepared at $4^{\circ}C$ (RPS4) in 3T3-L1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Effect of RPS4 or its fractions on lipid accumulation was determined in 3T3-L1 cells using oil red O (ORO) staining. The expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adipogenic associated proteins [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$ (C/EBP ${\alpha}$), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)] were measured in 3T3-L1 cells treated with RPS4. Apoptosis and the expression of Akt and Bcl-2 family proteins [B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2 like protein 4 (Bax), Bal-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak)] were measured in mature 3T3-L1 cells treated with RPS4. RESULTS: Treatment of RPS4 ($0-75{\mu}g/mL$) or its fractions ($0-50{\mu}g/mL$) for 24 h did not have an apparent cytotoxicity on pre and mature 3T3-L1 cells. RPS4 significantly suppressed differentiation and cellular lipid accumulation by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and reducing the expression of $PPAR-{\gamma}$, C/EBP ${\alpha}$, SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC. In addition, all fractions except ethyl acetate fraction significantly suppressed cellular lipid accumulation. RPS4 induced the apoptosis of mature adipocytes by hypophosphorylating Akt, increasing the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bak, Bax, and Bad, and reducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and p-Bad. CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that RPS4 can reduce the numbers as well as the size of adipocytes and might useful for preventing and treating obesity.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2017

A new peanut variety 'Daan'(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Milyang 2014. This was developed from the cross between 'Iksan 31' with Virginia typed short stem and 'Dakwang' with Shinpung-typed larger grain. 'Daan' which is a Shinpung plant type had 13 branches per plant and its length of main stem was 44cm. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long ellipse-shaped large kernel. Its yield components showed 34 pods per plant, 127 g of 100-seed-weight and 75% of pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials (RYT). Seed quality showed 47.8% of crude oil and 28.3% of protein content. This variety showed resistant to early leaf spot and had more resistant to late leaf spot, stem rot and lodging, compared to reference variety. In the regional yield trials for 3 years 'Daan' was more productive than reference variety by 16% with 5.00 MT/ha for grain production.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2005

Hemp is cultivated to produce fiber and seeds for extracting vegetable oil. This study was carried out to obtain reliable data on fatty acid profile including ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid (GLA) in seeds of hemp accessions with regard to suitability for both human nutrition and pharmaceutical purposes. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid including ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid were high but saturated fatty acid including palmitic acid were low in the seeds of hemp accessions, perilla and evening primrose. The ratio of GLA in fatty acid profile of evening primrose and hemp seeds were 12.5% and 2.1 %, respectively but not detected in perilla seeds. In the fatty acid profile of hemp seeds accessions, the range and coefficient of variation of GLA were $0.8%{\sim}3.8%$ and 42.9%, respectively which are highest among the fatty acid. Among the major characteristics and fatty acid ratios, flowering date and ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid showed highly positive correlation but not showed any significant correlation between THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and any fatty acids. Among the fatty acid ratios, negative correlation were showed between palmitic acid and ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid, and showed highly negative correlation between oleic acid and ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid, linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid. The accessions of high GLA ratio were originated from Europe including Central Russia, and were short in flowering date and stem height.