• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.277-289
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• 1982

Because of a high degree of unsaturation of perilla seed oil vitamin E deficiency can be produced in chicks by using this particular oil diet. It is therefore convenient to use this oil for elucidating more detailed function (s) of vitamin E. The present study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional and pathological aspects both of high PUFA and of low vitamin E in the diet eventually to elucidate the function(s) of vitamin E. The present study examines the relationships between PUFA, vitamin E and Se in the experimental diets by measuring vitamin E levels both in serum and in liver and activities of SGPT and SGOT and by examining electron micrographs of the chick hepatocytes. Vitamin E concentrations in serum and liver responded to dietary treatments. Serum levels of vitamin E were more affected than those in liver, the values of groups IV(15% fat,- Vit.E) and V(15% fat,-Vit E,-Se) were significantly lower than those of groups I (5% fat) and 111 (15% fat) with P/S ratio of 1. The activities of SGOT and SGPT were found not to be different significantly among different diet groups. Electron microscopic observations of the chick hepatocyte revealed degeneration of mitochondria and appearance of vesicles in the cytoplasm of groups fed diets high in PUFA and deficient in vitamin E alone or deficient in both vitamin E and Se. In the same group pyknotic nuclei and deterioration of the sinusoidal border, showing diminution in microvilli were also observed. More detailed studies concerning biochemical aspects should be carried out by using radioisotopes both in the in vitro and in vivo systems and morphological study should have a focus on the changes in nucleus which seems already suggestive in the present observation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1991

The seed oil of Ternstroemia gymnanthera. a species of the Ternstroemiaceae, is mainly composed of triglyceride(92.4%), followed by polar lipids(5.9%), sterol(1.2%) and pigments(0.5%). This oil contains 4.8% of cis-11, 12-methylene octadecanoic acid(lactobacillic acid) in the fatty acid composition of the total oil. This identification is based on information from non-urea inclusion formation, silver nitrate impregnated silica gel column and gas liquid chromatography, $^1H-&\;^{13}C-nuclear$ magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Smaller amounts(0.1%) of presumptive 9, 10-methylene hexadecanoic acid(dihydro malvalic acid) is also detected. The major fatty acids in this oil are C18 : 1(36.1%), C18: 2(30.9%), C16: 0(15.1%), C16: 1(7.6%) and C18: 0(3.4%).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 1994

The effects of feeding diets with different fatty acids on the composition of fatty acids and vitamin E status in maternal milk & serum and pup's serum were studied. Dietary fats(10% by wt) include on oil(CO), soybean oil(SO), perilla seed oil(PO : about 60% , C18 : 3 $\omega$3) and fish oil(FO : rich in C20 : 5$\omega$3, eicosapentaenoic acid = EPA & 22 : 6$\omega$3, docosahexaenoic acid = DHA), Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250g, were fed experimental diets from pregnancy through lactation period. Maternal milk was obtained by gentle squeezing after 30 minutes of oxytocin(0.2 IU, intraperitoneal) injection. The fatty acid compositions of milk and serum were analyzed at day-2 and day-15. The concentrations of vitamin E in maternal milk and serum and pup's serum were also analyzed. The groups of CO, SO and PO which had no DHA in their diet, contained DHA in their milk, The rations of EPA+DHA/arachidonic acid(AA) were higher in PO group than those in either CO or SO group. This seemed to be due not only to more conversion from C18 : 3$\omega$3 to C20 : 5$\omega$3 and C22 : 6$\omega$3 but also to inhibition of C18 : 2$\omega$6 conversion to C20 : 4$\omega$6. More DHA was found in day-2 milk than in day-15 milk. It was also noted that milk contained more DHA was found in day-2 milk than in day-15 milk. It was also noted that milk contained more DHA than serum and this difference was larger in day-2 than in day-15 milk. Even though the concentrations of vitamin E both in maternal serum and milk were lower in PO and FO groups fed highly unsaturated fat than in CO or SO groups, pup's serum did not show a significant difference among all the experimental groups indicating that the pups man secure their essential nutrients by the biomagnification mechanism.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1992

This study primarily attempted to establish the method for the determination of the adulteration in the sesame oil. First of all, extensive experiment was conducted to determine the composition of genuine sesame oil prepared from Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Chinese sesame seed. Sesamin and sterols in unsaponfiable matter were examined along with fatty acid in saponifiable fraction by Gc. There was no significant difference in the composition of sesamin and sterols in sesame oils prepared from Korean and foreign seeds. The ranges of sesamin and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ against campesterol were 3.32~5.46 and 2.39~2.99 respectively in all samples. Similiar composition of fatty acids was showed in all pure sesame oils, in which the contents were 8.37~lO.09% palmitic acid, 4.61~5.50% stearic acid, 35.24~39.97% oleic acid, 43.04~49.76% linoleic acid, O.21~O.31% linolenic acid and 0.40~O.69% arachidic acid. Among the commercial sesame oils sold in Markets, three sesame oils from Japan revealed low sesamin, high linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and low oleic acid and stearic acid, suggesting the adulteration with soybean oil.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

We observed that oil began to accumulate at 25 seed days after flowering (DAF) and reached the maximum potential at 35 seed DAF of oilseed rape, and the greatest weight of 100 seeds was obtained at 35 seed DAF. To survey a broad analysis of gene expression in developing embryos of Brassica napus, the Bn 300k microarray have been constructed. The Bn 300k Microarrary was designed from 80,696 unigenes clustered from 543,448 ESTs and 780 cDNA at NCBI. These arrays have been hybridized in a series of experiments with probes derived from seeds and leaf of B. napus. Approximately 8.5% of the 7,000 genes were expressed as ratios 2-fold higher in seed (25 DAF) than leaves and 0.4% at ratios 10. Also we observed that storage and cell differentiation-related genes were highly expressed at 10 DAF, whereas energy-related genes including fatty acid metabolism were increased up depending on seed maturation using Microarray, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that B. napus arrays provide a very useful data set of seed-specific expression that can be further analyzed by examination of the promoter regions of these genes and help our understanding of the complex regulatory network in developing seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.449-463
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• 1990

To obtain the basic informations on quality improvement, seed protein and amino acid composition were analyzed in 460 strains of perilla germplasm. Among the tested strains, total protein content ranged from 17.9% to 28.1 % with the 23.6% of varietal means. Form the experiment, Namji, Sandong, and Eunjin were selected as high protein strains of which content was as high as 28.1%. In protein content, collected strains from Jeonnam province showed highest, and was not significantly different by maturity, but this characteristics showed differences by seed coat color and 1,000 seed weight. The significantly negative correlation was observed between protein content and seed setting ratio. However it was observed that significant and high positive correlation between protein and oil content. A calibration for an Infra-Alyzer 450 using log reflectance readings at 2208, 1982, 1940 and 1722nm could be used without adjustment for the measurment of the protein content in perilla with a standard deviation of differences against micro-kjeldahl of 0.27%. The amino acid composition of perilla was similar to the other oilseed crops, and showed a relatively high lysine and methionine content. Further, amino acid composition of perilla seed was exellently characterized with bal ance and higher than FAO recommendation. Major amino acids were indentified as a glutamic acid and arginine in perilla seed protein.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2018

In this study, oil of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds was prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) and its physicochemical indices as a new edible oil were investigated. Compared to Soxhlet solvent extraction, SCE under the condition of 6,000 psi at $40^{\circ}C$ produced more oil, especially from the roasted seeds to 32.7%. TLC analysis showed triacylglycerols accounted for most of the oil obtained from roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds by SCE similarly to commercial soybean oil or perilla seeds oil. The oil had highly unsaturated lipid with considerable amount of linoleic acid(73.27%) much more than two commercial oils followed by oleic acid(13.16%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were as follows; specific gravity, 0.92; dynamic viscosity, 45.37 cP; refractive index, 1.48; color, L=47.30, a=-3.69, b=25.72; iodine value, 141.57 g $I_2/100g$ oil; saponification value, 191.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 2.60 mg of KOH/g of oil. Among those, refractive index, viscosity and iodine value, which were related to unsaturation degree of lipid, were ranged between those of two commercial oils. The oxidation stability of oil(2.03 hr) was also ranged between less stable perilla seeds oil(1.79 hr) and more stable soybean oil(2.94 hr) based on the induction time measured by Rancimat assay. In addition to extraction yield increase, seeds roasting provided further benefits such as reductions of cholesterol ester content and acid value without change in fatty acid composition. In conclusion, oil was extracted from the roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds at high yield by supercritical carbon dioxide and it seemed to have proper characteristics as a edible oil.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1991

The seeds of wild and cultivated Camellia japonica were studied for their lipid contents and fatty acid composition. The seeds of wild and cultivated Camellia japonica contained 70.2% and 73.4% lipids, respectively. Fifteen fatty acids were identified in the lipids from the Camellia japonica seeds. In addition to confirming the 5 previously reported (16 : 0, 18 : 0, 18 : 1, 18 : 2 and 18 : 3), 10 more acids were characterized. The newly identified acids were 14 : 0, 16 : 1, 17 : 0, 20 : 0, 20 : 1, 20 : 2, 22 : 0, 22 : 1, 24 : 0 and 24 : 1. Both seeds lipids contained 18 : 1 in high levels (81. 6${\sim}$82. 2%). Little difference in fatty acid composition was noted between the wild and cultivated Camellia japonica seed lipids. The fatty acid composition of commercial Camellia japonica oil was similar to those of the Camellia japonica seed lipids.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

Sesame seed are one of the oldest oil-bearing crops known to man. Not only are they nutritious, they are physicologically beneficial. Because of these properties, the promotion of sesame as a crop is set to increase from now on. The lignan component of sesame, which has an antioxidative function, varies considerably. In addition, the seeds remain viable for longer than other crops. At low temperature, it has been reported that the seed remain viable for up to thirty years. This is due to the lignan content of the seeds. In the last twenty years, the mysteries of the natural chemistry of sesame seeds have been unravelled one by one. Up to now, the lignan component has been found to have an $\alpha$-tocopherol synergist effect, an anti-aging effect, a cancer suppressing effect, a hypertension reduction effect, an effect on the promotion of liver function, an effect on the control of the ration of unsaturated fat, and an effect on the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The lignan component of sesame does not simply have an anti-oxidant function, but has diverse recently discovered physiological uses which make the study of lignan highly rewarding.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 1984

Kochujangs (red pepper pastes) were mashed with the variation of seed content in the red pepper powder, i.e. none (plot A), 10%(B), 20%(C), 40 %(D) and 50%(E), and chemical compositions and qualities of the products were analysed and compared. Contents of amino nitrogen, reducing sugar and ethanol were high in the plot A and B, whereas lower levels were detected in the plot C, D and E. Differences in the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fiber and sodium chloride were not significant among the plots, however, the plot D and E showed higher crude oil contents and pH as compared with the others. The plot B and A showed higher acidic protease and saccharogenic amylase activity as compared with the others. Taste, flavor and color were evaluated for the products which aged for 3 months, and better results were obtained in the plot A and B than in D and E. Especially the products of D and E were inferior in color.