• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

Main materials used as media for oyster mushroom cultivation are pine sawdust, beet pulp, cotton seed pomace. Increases in the price and the unbalance of demand and supply of cotton seed pomace was often damage to oyster mushroom cultivation farm, so we investigated agricultural by-product to replace the cotton seed pomace for bottle cultivation of oyster mushroom. Treatment of coconut oil meal or coconut pomace delayed incubation period about 3 days compared with cotton seed waste treatment(control), but yield and income index showed similar to each other in three treatment. Consequently coconut oil meal and coconut pomace could select for cotton seed pomace substitute.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.467-480
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• 1999

Many antinutritional and toxic factors abound in tropical seeds, which are also generally rich in nutrients and therefore more prone to attack from herbivores. Antinutritional and toxic factors are considered to defend seeds against environmental vagaries and thus help to protect them. These factors though good for the plant, cause deleterious effects or are even toxic to animals and man. The conventional seeds cultivated for oil or non-oil purposes, and general aspects of antinutritional factors are not presented here as these have already been discussed widely by many workers. Deficits in conventional protein and energy sources in the tropics have stimulated a quest for alternative feeds both for animals and humans. This article attempts to highlight two new oilseed crops, Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera, and in addition deals with some under-utilized seeds with potential as animal feed. Most of these seed plants are adapted to various marginal growing conditions in the tropics and can help to mitigate the prevailing deficit in protein and energy sources. Antinutritional and toxic factors in seed or seed meal, various approaches to detoxify seed meal, and future research and development priorities for their exploitation as animal feeds are presented.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.404-408
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• 1978

This experiment was carried out to study the characteristics and composition of the oil extracted from elder berry seeds. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The elder berry fruits are composed of $1.56%{\sim}2.50%$ crude lipid, $2.50{\sim}6.10%$ crude protein, $0.7{\sim}1.3%$ crude ash, 0.73% pectin and the fresh whole fruits bore $6{\sim}7%$ of its seeds on weight basis. 2. The hot pressed oil had similar flavor and taste to sesame oil, and cold, pressed one, to olive oil. Its iodine value ranged $95{\sim}110$, and its oil extraction rate from seed $26.18{\sim}26.55%$. 3. The elder berry seed oil contained a high level of essential fatty acids, and the oil seed cakes, $12.65{\sim}18.65%$ of crude protein. These may be utilized as concentrated fodder for livestock.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.148-150
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• 1999

Seed lipids and proteins of Crotalaria juncea L were analyzed for fatty acids and amino acids respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil gave palmitic acid (16.01%), stearic acid (7.29%), oleic acid (14.41%), linoleic acid (54.44%) and linolenic acid (7.86%). The defatted seed cake contained all the essential amino acids except methionine and six non-essential amino acids.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2006

Soyasaponins $A_1$, DDMP-conjugated group B soyasaponins ${\alpha}g\;and\;{\beta}g$, non-DDMP counterpart soyasaponin I, II+III, and DDMP moiety were quantified in the large-, midium-, and small-seed soybean varieties. Protein contents were ranged from 38.1% to 41.8%, and oil contents were ranged from 15.5% to 18.9%, respectively. Oil contents in the large-seed varieties were significantly higher than those of medium- and small-seed varieties. Among detected soyasaponin peaks, ${\beta}g$ was a major soyasaponin in DDMP-conjugated group B soyasaponins followed by soyasaponin I, DDMP moiety and $A_1$. Soyasaponin concentration among different seed size soybean varieties. The soyasaponin concentration of mediumseed ($4014.5{\mu}g/g$) was slightly higher than those of largeseed ($3755.0{\mu}g/g$) and small-seed varieties ($3620.3{\mu}g/g$), however, the differences was statistically not significant. The composition rates of soyasaponins in the large-size seeds were 9.4% of soyasaponin $A_1$, 26.5% of DDMP-conjugated soyasaponins, 49.9% of non-DDMP counterpart soyasaponins, and 14.2% of DDMP moiety, respectively. Similar results were observed in the composition ratios of middle- and small-size seeds. Oil content and C:N ratio showed the significant positive correlations with total soyasaponin concentration, while the 100-seed weight, fiber, and ash contents showed the negative correlations with total soyasaponin but statistically not significant. It was noted that protein contents didn't have any relationship with group A, group B, DDMP moiety, and total soyasaponin. This fact suggested that protein contents are not affects the variation of soyasaponin concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

For the effective utilization of apricot seed resources of food protein and lipid, the general composition, amino acid composition and chemical characteristics were analysed. The skinned and non-skinned apricot seed contained 53.9% and 48.0% of crude lipid, 24.7% and 26.8% of crude protein, respectively. There were no significant difference in the amino acid composition among skinned and non-skinned apricot seed, The major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, tyrosine and threonine, holding 14.6 to 16.9%, 12.4 to 13.7%, 9.2 to 12.1%, 7.2 to 7.5% and 7.0 to 7.2% of total amino acid content, respectively. The sum of these ammo acids occupied about 50% to total amino acids. While the quantities of methionine, histidine, and Lysine were poor content. The essential amino acids occupied about 30% to total amino acids. The acid, iodine and saponification value of apricot seed oil were 0.7 to 7.1, 80.8 to 107.5 and 182.7 to 208.4, respectively. These values were significant difference in skinned and non-skinned apricot seed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1999

Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important seasoning in Korea and most korean consumer tend to eat the korean sesame seed as the best than other ones produced in oriental countries such as China and Japan. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied for discrimination according to geographical origin (Korea, China and so on) of sesame seeds. Near-infrared spectroscopy among the many kinds of techniques could provide a rapid screening, low cost solution to discriminate geographical origin of sesame seed. The objective of this study is to determine if NIR technique could be used to discriminate between the korean sesame seed and non-korean sesame seed by using the new method. Rapid, precise and nondestructive analysis method for determination of the geographic origin of sesame seeds were discriminated relative accurately according to geographical origin using PLS regression method.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.612-615
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• 2009

Lipoxygenase and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein are the main antinutritional factor in mature soybean seed. A new soybean cultivar, "Gaechuck#2" with yellow seed coat, lipoxygenase2,3-free and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein-free was developed. It was selected from the population derived from the cross between "Jinpumkong2ho" and C242. Plants of "Gaechuck#2" have determinate growth habit with purple flowers, tawny pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, oval leaflet shape and brown pods at maturity. Seed protein and oil content on a dry weight basis were 40.7% and 18.7%, respectively. It has shown a resistant reaction to soybean necrosis, soybean mosaic virus, Cercospora leaf spot and blight, black root rot, pod and stem blight, and soybean pod borer. Gaechuck#2 matured in 4 October with plant height of 54cm and a 100-seed weight of 24.4g. Average Yield of Gaechuck#2 was 230 - 250 kg/10a in 2005 - 2007.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2008

This survey was conducted to monitor the adulteration of sesame oil circulated in Gwangju, 2007. A total of 60 samples was tested by analysis of fatty acid composition. Of these samples, 22 were from large-scale manufacturer, 25 were from small-scale manufacturer and 13 from Bangagan. First of all, in goods manufactured by large-scale company, there are no sesame oils where linolenic acid($C_{18:3}$) exceed regulatory guidance(0.5%). 5 samples from small-scale manufacturer contained linolenic acid from 0.90% to 8.38%, which means that they have other cooking oil, such as com oil, soybean oil and rape seed oil. Among Bangagan goods, only one sample have 1.20% of linolenic acid. On the other hand erucic acid($C_{22:1}$) was not detected in 60 samples at all, which means that they were not adulterated with rape seed oil. And among 6 samples of exceeding 0.5% of linolenic acid and 12 samples from Bangagan, 13 of them had benzo(a)pyrene from $0.2{\mu}g/kg\;to\;0.7{\mu}g/kg$ and the other 5 samples did not.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 1997

Plant seed oil-bodies or oleosomes ate the repository of the neutral lipid stored in seeds. These organelles in many oilseeds may comprise half of the total cellular volume. Oleosomes are surrounded by a half-unit membrane of phospholipid into which are embedded proteins called oleosins. Oleosins are present at high density on the oil-body surface and after storage proteins comprise the most abundant proteins in oilseeds. Oleosins are specifically targeted and anchored to oil-bodies after co-translation on the ER. It has been shown that the amino-acid sequences responsible for this unique targeting reside primarily in the central hydrophobic tore of the oleosin polypeptide. In addition, a signal-like sequence is found near the junction of the hydrophobic domain and ann N-terminal hydrophilic / amphipathic domain. This "signal" which is uncleaved is also essential for correct targeting. Oil-bodies and their associated oleosins may be recovered by floatation centrifugation of aqueous seed extracts. This simple partitioning step results in a dramatic enrichment for oleosins in the oil-body fraction. In the light of these properties, we reasoned that it would be feasible to create fusion proteins on oil-bodies comprising oleosins and an additional valuable protein of pharmaceutical or industrial interest. It was further postulated that if these proteins were displayed on the outer surface of oil-bodies, it would be possible to release them from the purified oil-bodies using chemical or proteolytic cleavage. This could result in a simple means of recovering high-value protein from seeds at a significant (i.e. commercial) scale. This procedure has been successfully reduced to practice for a wide variety of proteins of therapeutic, industrial and food no. The utillity of the method will be discussed using a blood anticoagulant, hirudin, and industrial enzymes as key examples.