• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2011

An intensive analysis of 185 timings of WZ Cep, including our new three timings, was made to understand the dynamical picture of this active W UMa-type binary. It was found that the orbital period of the system has complexly varied in two cyclical components superposed on a secularly downward parabola over about 80y. The downward parabola, corresponding to a secular period decrease of $-9.{^d}97{\times}10^{-8}y^{-1}$, is most probably produced by the action of both angular momentum loss (AML) due to magnetic braking and mass-transfer from the massive primary component to the secondary. The period decrease rate of $-6.^{d}72{\times}10^{-8}y^{-1}$ due to AML contributes about 67% to the observed period decrease. The mass flow of about $5.16{\times}10^{-8}M_{\odot}y^{-1}$ from the primary to the secondary results the remaining 33% period decrease. Two cyclical components have an $11.^{y}8$ period with amplitude of $0.^{d}0054$ and a $41.^{y}3$ period with amplitude of $0.^{d}0178$. It is very interesting that there seems to be exactly in a commensurable 7:2 relation between their mean motions. As the possible causes, two rival interpretations (i.e., light-time effects (LTE) by additional bodies and the Applegate model) were considered. In the LTE interpretation, the minimum masses of $0.30M_{\odot}$ for the shorter period and $0.49M_{\odot}$ for the longer one were calculated. Their contributions to the total light were at most within 2%, if they were assumed to be main-sequence stars. If the LTE explanation is true for the WZ Cep system, the 7:2 relation found between their mean motions would be interpreted as a stable 7:2 orbit resonance produced by a long-term gravitational interaction between two tertiary bodies. In the Applegate model interpretation, the deduced model parameters indicate that the mechanism could work only in the primary star for both of the two period modulations, but could not in the secondary. However, we couldn't find any meaningful relation between the light variation and the period variability from the historical light curve data. At present, we prefer the interpretation of the mechanical perturbation from the third and fourth stars as the possible cause of two cycling period changes.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.9-35
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• 2020

In the second half of the previous century the composition of the teacher population - and the composition of the pupil and parent population - in the Netherlands gives rise to the name change 'age of secularisation' to 'age of pluralisation'. In previous centuries the (religious or secular) worldview identity of the parents and the educational philosophy of the school were attuned to each other, and merged into a mono-cultural perspective on the identity development of pupils. The basis for both - the upbringing by the parents and the socialisation in the family on the one hand, and the teachers' efforts to enculturate the students at the school on the other - was a similar life orientation. The school choice of the parents was predetermined by their commitment to a particular (religious) worldview, very often inspired by Christianity. The religious identity of their children developed in a clear-cut context. However, in contemporary society plurality dominates, at home and at the school, both in case of the parents and the teachers. A direct relationship with a community of like-minded believers is no longer decisive for parents with varying cultural and religious backgrounds. Instead, a good feeling upon entering the schoolyard or the school building is a convincing argument in the process of school choice. The professional identity development of teachers and the religious identity development of children takes place in a plural context. Our question is: what does this mean for the normative professionalism of the teacher? To answer this research question we make use of the resources of the Dialogical Self Theory (DST) with its core concepts of 'voice' and 'positioning'. After presenting the Dutch dual education system (with public and denominational schools) we provide a lively description of a Dutch classroom situation occurring in a public school, as viewed from the perspective of the teacher. The focus in this description is on performative dialogue as a 'disruptive moment' and on its potential for the hyphenated religious identity development of teachers, which makes up a part of their normative professionalism.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.242-250
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• 1997

The CCD photometric observations of W UMa-type eclipsing binary AB And were made from September 1994 to October 1996. New four primary minimum times were obtained from these observations. The analysis of times of minimum light for AB And confirms other previous studies that the orbital period of AB And have been changing as a form of sinusoidal variation. In this paper, we calculated the new orbital elements with linear and nonlinear quadratic term, and the best fit equation is derived with the assumption that the period variation of AB And changes sinusoidal pattern. From the sinusoidal term of this orbital element, we calculate period variation as 92 years with amplitude of $0.^{d}059$. However this result considering only sinusoidal term, was not satisfied with our recent observations. Thus, by assuming another parabolic period variation with the sinusoidal pattern, we derived the best fit orbital elements. From the quadratic coefficient of this orbital elements, we calculated the secular variation of 0.73 seconds, and from the sinusoidal term, the period variation turned out to be 62.9 years with amplitude of $0.^{d}024$. If we assume only the sinusoidal period variation of AB And, the period has to be decreased within 10 years. However if we consider quadratic term with the sinusoidal period variation of the light elements, the period is expected to be increased. Therefore long-term observations of this binary system are required to confirm this issue.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2014

In the case of the direct measurement of $^{226}Ra$ using a HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer, the interference between gammarays with 186.21 keV of $^{226}Ra$ and 185.7 keV of $^{235}U$ should be corrected to calculate the net peak area in the energy spectrum. In general, it is very difficult to conduct peaks stripping with difference of about 0.5 keV, although a HPGe with the superior resolution is applied and the maximum channels is applied to the spectrometer. In this study, several interference correction techniques in the direct measurement were surveyed to evaluate the feasibility for the measurement of $^{226}Ra$ using the gamma-ray spectrometery. Applying the interference corrections to the analysis of raw materials and by-products, the method validation for the direct measurement of $^{226}Ra$ was conducted by evaluating the measurement uncertainty, linearity, and range. As a result, the optimum method of the interference correction was selected by comparing with the indirect measurement of which progenies of $^{226}Ra$, such as $^{214}Pb$ and $^{214}Bi$, were analyzed in the secular equilibrium state.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.9-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to consider factors such as one's sight of viewing afar, expressional principles, and basic aesthetic category, which are treated importantly by the poets of the Joseon Dynasty era in appreciating nature. 'Afar' of the viewing afar is actual distance and aesthetic distance at the same time. Viewing afar is to find geographical features, depth, and details of a mountain, seeing the whole nature at a high place. Also, it can make possible escape from the external limitation of nature and get mental superiority and enhancement. Ultimately, viewing afar is to find out everlasting change of the nature and reason of natural creation. One's sight in viewing afar makes an appreciator's mind empty and calm, and it makes chance to harmonize human with nature. Viewing afar is to unite human nature to naturality beyond realistic value, idea, and artificiality. The mind from viewing afar has peacefulness and it is a state of serenity without any secular atmosphere. Viewing afar is an eye for beauty to leap toward an endless free state from narrow sight about objects. It rejects modification and technics in achieving an world of harmony. It means that objects should not be restrained by human's recognition. There are three expressions, which are high, horizontal, and transcendental viewing afar. The aesthetic category and beauty of peaceful mental state are realized by the expressions. The peaceful mental state makes peaceful mind from realistic conflicts and makes us experience a profound reason of nature.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2012

An intensive analysis of 148 timings of V700 Cyg was performed, including our new timings and 59 timings calculated from the super wide angle search for planets (SWASP) observations, and the dynamical evidence of the W UMa W subtype binary was examined. It was found that the orbital period of the system has varied over approximately $66^y$ in two complicated cyclical components superposed on a weak upward parabolic path. The orbital period secularly increased at a rate of $+8.7({\pm}3.4){\times}10^{-9}$ day/year, which is one order of magnitude lower than those obtained by previous investigators. The small secular period increase is interpreted as a combination of both angular momentum loss (due to magnetic braking) and mass-transfer from the less massive component to the more massive component. One cyclical component had a $20.^y3$ period with an amplitude of $0.^d0037$, and the other had a $62.^y8$ period with an amplitude of $0.^d0258$. The components had an approximate 1:3 relation between their periods and a 1:7 ratio between their amplitudes. Two plausible mechanisms (i.e., the light-time effects [LTEs] caused by the presence of additional bodies and the Applegate model) were considered as possible explanations for the cyclical components. Based on the LTE interpretation, the minimum masses of 0.29 $M_{\odot}$ for the shorter period and 0.50 $M_{\odot}$ for the longer one were calculated. The total light contributions were within 5%, which was in agreement with the 3% third-light obtained from the light curve synthesis performed by Yang & Dai (2009). The Applegate model parameters show that the root mean square luminosity variations (relative to the luminosities of the eclipsing components) are 3 times smaller than the nominal value (${\Delta}L/L_{p,s}{\approx}0.1$), indicating that the variations are hardly detectable from the light curves. Presently, the LTE interpretation (due to the third and fourth stars) is preferred as the possible cause of the two cycling period changes. A possible evolutionary implication for the V700 Cyg system is discussed.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2012

This is a study on the flower pattern artwork of the west wall of the Jagyeongjeon in Gyeongbokgung to find out the type of plants and flowers represented and their symbolism. The research was conducted from July 2010 to March 2011 and the artwork classified on the basis of its horticultural traits. A number was assigned to each pattern for analysis: No. 1 is Prunus mume, No. 2 is Prunus persica, No. 3 is Paeonia suffruticosa, No. 4 is Punica granatum, No. 5 and 6 is Dendranthema grandiflora, No. 7 is Rhododendron mucronu and No. 8 is Phyllostachys bambusoides. These 8 flower patterns symbolize longevity and fecundity and their presense around the Jagyeongjeon helped to bestow good fortune on the royal family so that they might live long lives and bear many children. 4 artworks symbolize longevity, 2 artworks symbolize integrity and 1 artwork symbolizes wealth and happiness. There is also symbolism of the need to have constancy in a royal household even during secular change. Out of the 8 artworks, the imagery of a bird and a moon is represented only once, but the image of a butterfly is represented five times in the surrounding elements. The bird and butterfly symbolise freedom and happiness from free love. Women in the palace are like a butterfly wanted to be like love as a freedom and have a free and open relationship like a butterfly. But a harmonious relationship between the royal family wanted to have a symbolic meaning that could be seen of the symbolistic. Based on the "Yangwhasorok"only plants with the highest values, from the 1st and 2nd grades, were used in the artwork of the west wall of the Jagyeongjeon.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.209-210
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• 2016

우리나라의 연평균강수량은 약 1362 mm이며, 총강수량의 약 30% 이상이 증발산을 통해 손실되고 있다고 추정되어지고 있다. 증발산은 물 수지 분석에 있어 매우 중요한 성분이며, 많은 부분을 차지하지만 다른 요인들에 비해 직접적인 관측이 어려워 과거에는 경험식을 사용하거나 단순하게 가정에 의해 결정해 왔다. 또한 기상자료로부터 증발산량을 추정하거나 증발접시나 추정식으로 잠재증발산을 추정하고 있다. 또한 최근 기후변화의 가속화에 따른 홍수의 가뭄의 강도와 빈도가 높아지고 있으며, 이에 따라 수자원 관리에 있어서 기초수문조사 항목에 많은 변화를 요구하고 있다. 그 결과 2007년 4월 하천법 개정으로 증발산량 및 토양수분량이 기초수문조사 항목으로 추가되었으며, K-water 연구원에서는 용담시험유역에 플럭스타워를 설치하였고 현재 운영 중에 있다. 덕유산 플럭스타워는 용담시험유역 내에 위치한 금강 수계 구량천 상류부의 덕곡제 유역 내에 설치하였으며, 2011년 4월부터 실제 증발산량을 관측하고 있다. 동경 $127^{\circ}$42'23" ~ $127^{\circ}$44'53", 북위 $35^{\circ}$50'47" ~ $35^{\circ}$52'50"사이로 중부지방에 위치한 유일한 증발산관측 타워이다. 유역 면적은 9.27 km2으로 유로연장 3.48 km, 유역 평균폭 2.66 km, 형상계수는 0.77이며, 덕곡제플럭스 타워 주변의 토지이용은 대부분 산림으로 구성되어 있으며, 침활 혼효림과 낙엽송림으로 임상 분포가 이루어져 있다. 주요 관측기기로는 3차원 풍향 풍속계, $CO_2/H_2O$ 기체분석기, 순복사 측정 센서, 지중열플럭스 측정 센서 등이 있다. 2011년부터 측정된 자료를 바탕으로 에디공분산 방법을 이용하여 증발산량을 측정하였으며, 30분간의 데이터 18,000개 중 취득률 90 % 이상의 데이터를 대상을 분석을 실시하였다. 2011 ~ 2015년도 증발산량 분석 결과는 아래의 표와 같다. 증발산의 패턴은 1월부터 서서히 증가하지만 활발하지는 않고, 4월부터 매우 활발해져 8월에 최대치에 이른다. 10월부터 증발산량은 급격히 감소하기 시작하며 11, 12월에는 증발산이 거의 발생하지 않는 공통적인 경향을 보였다. 2013년 8, 9월은 다른 해와 다른 경향을 보이고 있는데, 이는 2013년 8, 9월에 강우가 많이 발생하여 증발산량이 감소하였기 때문으로 판단된다. 2015년 8월은 다른 년도와 비교했을 때, 매우 높은 증발산량을 보이는데 이는 2015년 8월에 많은 강우에도 식생이 활발하게 작용하였기 때문으로 판단된다.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.59
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• pp.9-32
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to study the development process of our native verses from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Goryeo Dynasty. The contents of the discussion can be summarized as follows. Typical form of "Sanega" from the Three Kingdoms Period to the late Silla/ early Goryeo Dynasty is a well organized 3-layered structure representing the contents of enlightenment of a high priest. Sanaega has a poetic style characterized by distinct literary features compared to other native verses in the same era. The reason is that 10-line Hyangga improves its poetic level as it is aware of Chinese poetry. As it enters the Goryeo Dynasty, this literary composition starts to change. In other words, Sanega declines and quatrain emerges in the front of literary history. Unlike the Three Kingdoms Period ~ the late Silla/ early Goryeo Dynasty, development of quatrain results from that native verses enhances the characteristics of song rather than poem in the Goryeo Dynasty. Native verses form the mutually complementary relationship by adjusting the position as the song rather than competing with it as the poem as Chinese poetry becomes more common. In the Goryeo Dynasty, Sanaega declines and Sijo emerges in literary history, because native verses have been developed in the poetic form to freely express general emotion and to be more loved from the public. It is in the same vein as a native verse in the form of quatrain raises its vitality by enhancing the characteristics of the song through the adjustment of its position compared to Chinese poetry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2019

Purpose: Management of the metabolic risk factors in diabetes patients is essential for preventing or delaying diabetic complications. This study compared the levels of the metabolic risk factors in diabetes patients according to the income levels, and examined the secular trends in recent decades. Methods: The data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998 ~ 2014 were used. The diabetes patients were divided into three groups based on their household income levels. General information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires, and the blood biomarkers and blood pressure data were obtained from a health examination. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compare the metabolic biomarker levels according to the household income levels, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and blood lipid (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride) levels were similar in the three groups. During the survey period of 16 years, the blood pressure showed a significant decreasing trend with time in all groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, the fasting blood glucose (p = 0.004), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.007) decreased significantly, and the HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.001) increased significantly in the highest-income groups. In the lowest-income group, the fasting blood glucose (p = 0.02), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and triglyceride (p = 0.003) levels showed a significant decreasing trend over time. On the other hand, the middle-income group showed no significant change in any of the metabolic risk factors except for blood pressure. Conclusion: The level of management of metabolic risk factors according to the income level of Korean diabetes patients was similar. On the other hand, the highest- and lowest-income groups showed positive trends of management of these factors during 16 years of observation, whereas the middle-income group did not show any improvement.