• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 1977

The reaction of phenylhydrazine with bromine in sulfuric acid solution has been studied kinetically. The pseudo-second-order rate constant is approximately inversely proportional to hydrogen-ion concentration when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than 1M. arom the study of the effect of potassium bromide concentration on the rate constant, it is concluded that both neutral bromine and tribromide ion participate in the reaction, the rate constants in 0.01M $H_2SO_4$ being $5{\times}10^5M^{-1},sec^{-1}\;and\;0. 7{\times}10^5M^{-1},sec^{-1}$, respectively at $20^{\circ}C$. The pseudo-second-order rate constant of 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-bromine reaction is independent of hydrogen ion concentration. From the KBr addition experiment, the rate constants for $Br_2\;and\;Br_3^-$ were obtained as $1.2{\times}10^5M^{-1},sec^{-1}\;and\;2.0{\times}10^4M^{-1},sec^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.706-713
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• 2017

This study compared and analyzed the water treatment efficiency and the applicability of water treatment plant using the existing Mechanical Rapid-Mixer by introducing the Non-powered Vortex Mixer to the domestic water treatment plant. For this study, fluid flow characteristics and head loss of a Non-powered Vortex Mixer are calculated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)respectively. The head loss rate inside the mixer was 11.30% when the inflow velocity was 0.5 m/sec, 16.27% at 0.6 m/sec and 21.44% at 0.7 m/sec, the head loss rapidly increased at the optimal velocity of 0.5 m/sec. For the inflow velocity of 0.5 m/sec, the turbulent intensity at the inlet was 2.37% and at the outlet was 7.83%, so there was sufficient mixing strength for the particulate matter and the coagulant. The result of the water quality of the treatment plants with the inflow velocity of 0.38 m/sec that was operated in three years after replacing all 12 units of the existing Rapid-Mixer with the Non-powered Mixer met the standards. Hence, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of 64,143 ~ 65,306 kWh/year since the Rapid-Mixer is replaced by the Non-powered Vortex Mixer.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 1991

From tidal current measurements on a tidal sand ridge in the Gyeonggi Bay from August 24 to September 29, 1987, tidal current velocities at 1.0 m above bottom (U/SUB 100/) and boundary shear velocities (U/SUB */) are calculated. The mean speeds of tidal current for flood and ebb over the entire period are 56.3 cm/sec and 63.7 cm/sec in mid-depth (9.0 m above bottom), and 43.9 cm/sec and 43.8 cm/sec in near-bottom (1.5 m above bottom). The exponent(P) in "power law", which is generally used for extrapolation from the mid-depth current velocity to that at the top of nationally logarithmic layer, is estimated to be 0.15 in the study area. Using logarithmic velocity profile assumption, mean values of U/SUB 100/ and U/SUB */ are calculated to be 41.4 cm/sec and 2.39 cm/sec, respectively. The mean value of U/SUB */ (2.39 cm/sec) is much higher than the critical shear velicity (U/SUB *c/) of 1.40 cm/sec reported by Choi (1990). and thus, it can be suggested that the most of sands on the tidal sand ridge in the study area are easily eroded and transported for the greater part of tidal period.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 1992

$SrTiO_3$powders were synthesized from the chloride and the nitrate aqueous solution by spray pyrolysis method using ultrasonic vibrator. The concentration of mother solution was prepared 0.05M and O.lM. The carrier gas flow rate was 0.5cm/sec and 1.5cm/sec, respectively. The formation processing was investigated in the 0.05M and 0.05cm/sec. The $SrTiO_3$powders could not be synthesized from chloride aqueous solution. The prepared powders from nitrate aqueous solution was SrTi03 with cubic structure and nearly sphere particle for all samples. Mean particle size was increased from $0.49{\mu}m$ to $0.67{\mu}m$ by changing the carrier gas flow rate from O.5cm/sec to 1.5cm/sec. Also, mean particle size increased from $0.49{\mu}m$to $0.55{\mu}m$by changing the concentration of mother solution from O.05M to O.1M. Atomizing droplet size was $14.3{\mu}m$. The shape of particles was very porous by evaporation of solvent at the initial step. But through the each step upwards, shape of particles was formed themselves into a nearly roundish.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.746-752
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• 2016

This research was carried out to identify aerodynamic property as a function of moisture content for designing equipment such as for post-harvest management. Terminal velocity of two wheat varieties {Backjjung (B) and Jogyeong (J)} with selected sound, damaged kernel and foreign materials (Wheat stick, Wheat husks) were measured with a designed vertical wind column at different moisture contents from about 9 to 30% wet basis. The results showed that terminal velocity of wheat and foreign materials except of Jogyeong's husks (p<0.05) had a significant difference at p<0.001. With increasing moisture content, the aerodynamic property values of the kernels and foreign materials of the two wheat varieties increased linearly. In detail, terminal velocity of sound and damaged kernel increased from 5.46 to 7.13 m/sec (B) and 7.48 to 8.60 m/sec (J), damaged kernel from 5.91 to 7.00 m/sec (B) and 6.48 to 7.75 m/sec (J). For foreign materials the terminal velocity of wheat stick increased from 2.92 to 4.07 m/sec (B) and 3.74 to 5.22 m/sec (J) whereas that of husks from 1.07 to 1.85 m/sec (B) and 2.02 to 2.33 m/sec (J) each. For air separation of wheat and foreign materials, the air flow should be less than 5.22 m/sec due to the range (1.07~5.22 m/sec) of foreign materials in wheat.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 1979

The stow net now used in the Yellow Sea, are traditional bag net with the opening held by a lighter upper and a weighted lower beams standing against the current. Such bag net anchored at the bottom are known in many countries, particularly in the estuaries of large rivers, but more rarely in sea fisheries, because they are too much affected by the weather, moreover a permanent strong current is necessary. Some scientists intended to improve this fishing gear, using the shearing devices instead of a lighter upper and a weighted lower beams in order to widen mouth of the stow net however they are unsuccessful. One-fortieth scale model net of the stow net was tested in a circular water tank with an effective volume of $5.67m\times1.76m\times1.00m$ of observing the configuration and tension of the net. Experiments were carried out under the various combination including water velocity, spherical floats and elevating floats with the shearing hoods instead of the upper beam. We found those devices offered a very low resistance per net area to current compared with the spherical floats or upper beam, and had a fairly good shearing power at any velocity and direction of the current. The total resistance (R) of the model net to which shearing hoods and floats are attached can be induced by the following formula under the condition of 0.25m/sec to 0.5m/sec, $$R(kg)=3.11V^{1.54}$$ The height (h) of the improved model net (m-B) is higher than traditional model net(m-A) with upper and lower beams, m-A: h(cm)=89.22-2.42(V-15). $V\geqq15,\;cm/sec$ m-B: h(cm)=89.20-0.78V (V:cm/sec) The catch efficiency of improved model net is 1.5 times traditional model net.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.384-384
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• 2015

우리나라에 처음으로 건설된 경인운하는 한강과 서해를 잇는 길이 18km로 건설되었다. 이로 인해 한강과 서해에서 해수와 담수가 유입되고 유출되면서 매우 복잡한 수체 거동특성을 나타내고 있다. 특히 서해에서의 유입은 조위로 인해 유입량이 매일 변화하며 해수와 담수 간 비중차이로 인해 수심에 따른 거동특성도 상이하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수체거동특성을 조사하여 유수소통을 통한 수질관리에 활용하고자 한다. 수체의 거동을 조사하는 방법으로는 순간적인 유속을 조사하는 방법과 장기간 거동을 조사하는 방법이 있는데 본 조사에서는 부이를 이용하여 장기간 수체의 거동을 조사하였으며, 이 결과를 활용하여 EFDC모델을 적용한 모의를 실시하였다. 수체 거동조사는 2013년과 2014년에 걸쳐 주요지점에서 수심별로 수행하였다. 2014년 2월 18일에 아라마루 지점에서 수심 1m와 3m 지점에서 조사를 실시하였다. 이 기간 중 한강의 유입량은 최소 $5.2m^3/sec$, 최대 $14.2m^3/sec$을 나타냈고, 서해 유입량은 갑문의 유입과 배수문의 유출입량을 더하여 최대 $274.6m^3/sec$를 나타냈으며, 서해 유출량은 $136.9m^3/sec$으로 나타났다. 수심 1 m에서는 해수의 유입과 유출량에 의해 뚜렷한 유속의 변화를 확인할 수 있으며, 유출시 최대 유속은 38.5 cm/sec이고, 유입시 최대 유속은 49.3 cm/sec로 나타났다. 수심 3 m에서는 해수의 유입과 유출량에 의해 뚜렷한 유속의 변화를 확인할 수 있으며, 유출시 최대 유속은 34.4 cm/sec이고, 유입 시 최대 유속은 40.0cm/sec로 나타났다. 다양한 상황에 대한 운하수체의 유속 특성을 산정하기 위하여 수리모델을 적용하여 모의를 실시하였으며 한강에서 유입된 수체가 서해에 도달하는 시간을 산정해 보았다. 모의 조건은 2014년 5월 12일부터 22일까지의 유량조건을 경계조건으로 하였으며, particle tracking의 시작지점은 경인아라뱃길 김포터미널 지점 표층 1m를 대상으로 하였다. 모의 결과 김포터미널의 수체가 인천갑문에 도달 하는데 약 6.3일이 소요되는 것으로 산정되었다. 이는 유출입량 변화에 따라 달라지므로 향후 보다 다양한 조건에서 모의를 실시하여 수질관리에 활용할 수 있는 다양한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.4089-4095
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• 1976

The safety of shore structure including the sea dipe is largely affected by typhoon. Accordingly it is desirable to analize the typhoon and determine the wind direction and velocity for use in planning and design of the structure. This method was adopted for the design of the Yong San Gang Estuary Dam. A comparative study of the results of typhoon analysis with the meteorological data obtained through actual observation is summarized as follows; (1) 62% of the typhoons occur during May to June in a year, and 62% of the typhoons which have an influence on the Korean peninsula, especially the proposed estuary dam fsite, proceed eastward through the zone in lat. 36$^{\circ}$-37$^{\circ}$N. Such typhoons occur two to three times a year on the average. (2) Data on typhoon "SARL" were used as a model case in designing the estuary dam, where it was proved that a southwesterly wind had a maximum velocity of 30m/sec in case r=150km, ${\alpha}$=120$^{\circ}$. Within the range of 22$^{\circ}$30'on the right and left side of the fetch line of the estuary dam, the wind direction varied SSW\longrightarrowSW\longrightarrowWSW, and the wind velocity varied 29m/sec\longrightarrow30m/sec\longrightarrow125m/sec. Such phenomemum lasted for five hours. (3) An analysis of data obtained during 44 years at Mok Po Meteorological Station shows that a wind with a velocity of some 25m/sec occurred twelve times in the S-direction and two times in the SW-direction, while that with a velocity of 30m/sec occurred three times in the S-direction, three times in the SSW-direction and one time in the SW-direction. The wind which had an influence on the estuary dam had a direction of SSW\longrightarrowSW\longrightarrowWSW and a velocity of min. 30m/sec. Actually, a wind with a max. velocity of 31.3m/sec occurred in the SSW-direction on March 15 and 16, 1956 where the mean velocity during two hours was 28m/sec and that during four hours was 24.6m/sec. (4) The data obtained through actual observation show that when the velocity is low, the wind with a fixed direction lasts long, and when the velocity is high, it is short-lived. It is difficult to determine the velocity of a wind which blows in a fixed direction for consecutive two or four hours. Therefore, the values obtained through typhoon analysis are larger that those obtained through actual observation, and hence, it is resonable to use the analyzed valuse for design of the estuary dam and shore structures. (5) The greatest effect was had on the estuary dam when typhoon was proceeding at a velocity of 29.71m/sec in the direction of ${\alpha}$=120$^{\circ}$(SW) at a point of R=150km from the center of the typhoon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.66-70
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• 2010

The performance of 75 ton liquid rocket engine combustion chamber for a space launch vehicle was predicted through firing tests at low pressure. In low pressure tests of 75 ton LRE combustor chamber, the combustion characteristic velocity of 1750 m/sec and the specific impulse of 240 sec were obtained which are higher than the low pressure performance of 30ton combustion chamber. The combustion characteristic velocity of 1770 m/sec and the specific impulse of 278 sec at design point for 75 ton LRE combustion chamber were predicted by using the low/high pressure performance correlation of 30ton LRE combustion chamber.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.219-223
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 수문변화 지표법을 적용하여 11개 주요 다목적댐의 월 유량 크기, 연 최소 대유량 크기와 지속기간, 고 저맥파 빈도와 주기, 수문곡선 변화 비율과 빈도를 분석하였다. 월 유량변화 분석 결과, 갈수기에 해당하는 10월부터 다음 해의 6월까지는 유입량이 $6.38\;m^3/sec{\sim}39.84\;m^3/sec$이었으나, 방류량은 $20.36\;m^3/sec{\sim}49.43\;m^3/sec$로 $1.84%{\sim}200.98%$까지 증가하였다. 우기철인 7월부터 9월까지는 유입량이 $79.06\;m^3/sec{\sim}137.12\;m^3/sec$이었으나, 방류량은 $65.32\;m^3/sec{\sim}80.16\;m^3/sec$로 $18.19%{\sim}40.39%$가 감소하였다. 년 최소 최대 유량변화 분석 결과는 1일 최소유량이 $82.86%{\sim}2,950%$까지 증가하였으며, 년 최소 및 최대 유량변화는 1일 최소유량은 $82.86%{\sim}2,950%$까지 증가하였으나, 1일 최대유량은 $34.78%{\sim}83.96%$까지 감소하였다. 고 저맥파의 빈도와 주기의 분석 결과, 저맥파의 발생 횟수는 댐 조절후 $29.67%{\sim}99.07%$가 감소하였으며, 고맥파의 발생횟수도 $4.6%{\sim}92.35%$가 감소하였다. 수문곡선 변화 비율과 빈도의 분석 결과 상승률은 $15.84%{\sim}79.31%$가 감소하였으며, 하강율은 $1.97%{\sim}107.10%$가 감소하였다. 유량변화정도 분석 결과는 1일 최소유량은 $0.60{\sim}2.67$ 증가하였으며, 1일 최대유량은 $0.50{\sim}1.00$으로 감소하였다.