• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity and to examine the eating habits of elementary school students in Iksan dity. The study was carried out on 292 students(male: 151, female : 141)in May of 1997. The average height and weight of the subjects were 141 cm and 37kg in males and 142 cm and 36kg in females, which were similar to the average of Chonbuk. A Weight/Length Index(WLI), Broca Index, Rohrer Index(RI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio(WHR) were used as an obesity index to classify degree of obesity. WLI, Broca Index and RI were proper for judging child obesity and strict judgments were conducted in the order of RI, WLI and Brcoa Index. The subjects were classified as 30.8% underweight, 43.5% normal, 8.2% overweight and 17.5% obese by WLI and there were significant differences between height(p＜0.05) and weight(p＜0.01) according to obesity degree among the four groups. 50.3% of the boys and 55.3% of the girls are regularly, and the main reason they didn＇t ate regularly, and the maim reason they didn＇t eat breakfast(78.4%) was due to lack of time. The frequency of snacks were 1-2 times a week(40.4%), fruits(40.4%) from market and supermarket(68.2%). According to the survey 84.6%, 77.45, 78.1%, 69.9%, 59.9% and 86.6% of subjects didn＇t eat meat, fish, soysauce, instant food, sugar and seaweed respectively. Seaweed, meat, and soysauce showed low preferences. 69.5% and 74.75 of the subjects drink milk and ate kimchi respectively. By analyzing eating habits according to the degree of obesity, the rate of skipping breakfast(p＜0.01), and eating meat or fish(p＜0.05) were high in the overweight and obese groups of girls. In the boys case, the rate of not eating food in sugar(p＜0.05) was high in the obese group. Obese children need to correct their eating habit. This reasserts the importance of nutrition education in children though teachers, parents, and dietitions. The findings of this study may be applied to nutrition education to ensure better physical fitness for children.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.655-665
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• 2013

한국 서해안 어청도에서 조간대와 조하대에 생육하는 해조류의 생물량과 군집구조를 조사하기 위하여 2008년 6월부터 2009년 4월까지 계절별로 총 4회 현장 조사를 수행하였다. 조사결과 녹조류 12종, 갈조류 23종, 홍조류 66종이 출현하여 총 101종 채집되어 동정되었다. 이중 19종은 일 년 내내 출현하였다. 총 생물량의 많은 부분을 차지하고 있는 우점종은 작은구슬산호말(Corallina pilulifera), 우뭇가사리(Gelidium elegans), 지충이(Sargassum thunbergii), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme), 다시마(Saccharina japonica) 괭생이모자반(Sargassum honeri), 고사리모자반(Sargassum filicinum)이었다. 연간 평균 건중량은 $237.5gm^{-2}$이었으며, 최대값은 겨울에 $272.1gm^{-2}$, 최소값은 여름에 $204.5gm^{-2}$을 기록하였다. 조하대에서의 출현종과 생물량은 조간대에 비하여 많았다. 어청도에서 출현종수와 생물량은 투명도가 낮은 한국 서해 연안의 일반적 특성과 반대로 높은 투명도와 자연 암반의 발달로 인하여 한국 서해안의 다른 도서에 비하여 높은 것으로 보인다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2017

이 연구는 2015년 5월부터 12월까지 우리나라 동해안에 위치한 강릉, 울진, 부산 일대에서 천연 해조장 및 서식환경 특성을 분석하였다. 연구기간 동안 출현한 해조류는 총 96종이었으며, 분류군별로는 녹조류 9종, 갈조류 23종, 홍조류 64종이었다. 강릉의 경우, 미끈뼈대그물말(D. divaricata)이 정점별로 $173.2{\sim}613.8g\;m^{-2}$로 가장 높은 생물량을 보였고, 가는보라색우무(S. linearis)가 $360.8{\sim}520.4g\;m^{-2}$, 미역(U. pinnatifida)이 $25.9{\sim}470.8g\;m^{-2}$로 생물량이 높았다. 울진에서는 참곱슬이(P. telfairiae)가 $5.5{\sim}256.2g\;m^{-2}$, 구멍쇠미역(A. clathratum)이 $46.8{\sim}241.5g\;m^{-2}$로 생물량이 높았다. 부산에서 높은 생물량을 보인 해조류는 큰잎모자반(S. coreanum)으로 $388.1{\sim}6,972.4g\;m^{-2}$였고, 감태(E. cava)도 $194.9{\sim}958.5g\;m^{-2}$로 다른 해조류에 비해 상대적으로 높은 생물량을 나타냈다. 생체량 비율의 경우, 강릉에서 0.0 ~ 55.5 %로 평균 19.2 %를 나타내 울진과 부산에 비해 상대적으로 가장 낮았다. 울진에서는 36.8 ~ 73.3 %으로 평균 63.8 %를 보였으며, 부산은 평균 48.5 %였다. 갯녹음 비율은 강릉에서 평균 46.7 %의 비율을 나타냈고, 울진에서는 평균 91.1 %의 높은 비율을 나타냈으며 이번 연구에서 다른 지역에 비해 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 조식성 동물의 밀도는 강릉에서 평균 6.0 개체/$m^2$로 분석되었고, 울진에서는 7.0 개체/$m^2$를 나타냈으며 부산에서 2.0 개체/$m^2$로 전체 지역 중에서 가장 낮은 조식성 동물 밀도를 보였다. 결론적으로 이전 연구결과와 비교하여 종조성, 출현비율, 밀도는 유사하게 나타났다. 하지만 지구 온난화, 기후변화, 해안개발 등에 의한 물리적, 화학적 오염과 관련하여 지속적인 모니터링 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2009

The summer algal flora and community of 9 islands in Dadohae National Park, southwestern coast of Korea, were investigated from June to September 2008. A total of 81 species (13 green, 22 brown and 46 red algae) of marine algae were identified. Among 9 islands, the number of species observed was the highest as 65 species at Jindo and the least as 37 species at Hongdo. The dominant species were Enteromorpha compressa, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, Caulacanthus okamurae, Gloiopeltis furcata, and Symphyocladia latiuscula. The algal zonation of intertidal zone was figured out by Gloiopeltis furcata, Ishige okamurae, Caulacanthus okamurae-Enteromorpha compressa, Sargassum thungergii-Gelidium amansii, Symphyocladia latiuscula from upper to lower zone. The flora investigated could be classified into six functional groups such as coarsely branched form (38.1%), filamentous form (24.7%), sheet form (11.3%), thick leathery form (13.9%), jointed calcarious form (6.3%) and crustose form algae (5.7%). R/P and (R+C)/P values were 2.2 and 2.8, respectively. A cluster analysis of species occurrence was suggested that the number of marine algal species was different from greatly among the sampling sites.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.520-533
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate satisfaction and preference for current military meal service and food behaviors and food habits of some military personnel in Chunchen and Wonju of the Kwangwon area. The results are as follows. In the anthropometric survey, average height of the subjects was 175.03 $\pm$ 5.30 cm, average weight was 69.15 $\pm$ 7.74 kg. As a result of surveying satisfaction in the current food service, an item high in satisfaction was adequacy of serving hours, whereas an item of low satisfaction was diversity of menu. The item of food service improvement needs of the subjects were in order more variety of menu, nutrition, preference, sanitation, cooking method. As a result of surveying eating behavior of the subjects, most items were high medium response. They preferred soju and relish and also they liked the bokkum cooking method. As a result of surveying food habits of the subjects, items of good habits were regularity of meals, marginal meals, diversity of food intake, dairy and dairy products, avoiding too exciting meals and natural food diet; whereas, items of bad habits were fast food intake, alcohol, smoking, carbonated and caffeine beverages, skipping breakfast. snacks, fatty food intake, yellow or green vegetable intake and fruit and seaweed intake. Following is the result of a survey on the preference of meals by cooking method serving the current military meal service. They liked one-dish meals such as Bokkeumbap, Bibimbap, Tteokguk, whereas, they disliked curryrice, Jajangbap. In case of soup, they liked soup made from meat better than vegetable soup or soup made with fish. Also they liked pot stem better than soup. Generally they liked meals containing meat in most cooking methods. These results suggest that continuous and practical nutrition education to change food habits in military life are necessary to Prevent chronic disease with increasing age.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

Objectives: Maintaining a balanced diet and thus health is crucial for adolescents, and the first step for balanced diet practice is meal planning. Adolescents, however, find it difficult to plan their meals. This study thus was set out to design an easier way of planning meals for adolescent girls. Methods: A dish-based target pattern for adolescent girls was tabulated, and validity of this was examined. Meal plan applying a dish-based target pattern was prepared by 150 female middle school students, and nutritional adequacies of those meal plans were examined. Validity and adequacy were tested by energy content, energy contribution ratio, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), probability of nutrient inadequacy, index of nutritional quality (INQ) calculation. Results: A dish-based target pattern with 11 dish groups was validated for nutritional adequacy. Though the NAR of calcium was 0.96, the INQ of calcium was 1.00. The average energy supply from the meal plans was 2,379 kcal, higher than the estimated energy requirement of a female middle school student, but the energy contribution ratio of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats were all adequate according to the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). NAR of all nutrients examined were 1.0, except for calcium. The NAR and INQ of calcium were 0.87 and 0.75, respectively, and the meal plans at risk for calcium inadequacy was 19.30%. Conclusions: A dish-based target pattern proposed for adolescent girls was valid, but the meal plan prepared by female middle school students using this approach was high in energy and low in calcium supply. To cut down the energy supply from the meal plan, it is necessary to recommend dishes low in fat and use low fat cooking methods. To increase the calcium supply, it is important to recommend seaweed and legume group dishes with higher Ca INQ food items.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

The seasonal variation of marine algal biomass and community were studied with nondestructive sampling and quadrat method during May 2006 to April 2008 in the intertidal and subtidal zone at Yokjido. As result, total 120 species, 13 Chlorophyta, 34 Phaeophyta, 71 Rhodophyta and 2 Spermatophyta were identified in this study. The major species which contributed significantly to the total biomass were Ulva pertusa, Undaria pinnatifida, Ecklonia stolonifera, Sargassum horneri, S. serratifolium, Gelidium amansii and Prionitis cornea. The mean biomass was 235.5 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in intertidal, 1,038.9 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in 1 m, 1,013.1 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in 5 m, and 19.7 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ in 10 m depths of mean sea level. Seasonal biomass change in intertidal zone, the peak season was in spring, while the lowest was in autumn. The vertical distribution of marine vegetation was characterized by Ulva pertusa - Gelidium divaricatum - Gloiopeltis furcata - Sargassum thunbergii - Hizikia fusiformis at intertidal zone, and Caulerpa okamurae - Gelidium amansii - Chondrus ocellatus - Ecklonia stolonifera - Sargassum horneri - Gracilaria textorii at subtidal zone. These result indicates that the marine algal species and biomass of 1 m and 5 m depths in subtidal zone are greater than intertidal zone, and Ecklonia stolonifera and Sargassum spp. are the dominant species of Yokjido.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.672-682
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the differences in perceived body weight and image and various lifestyles based on the self-rated health of university students when gender was adjusted. Five hundred fifty-five participants were asked their perceived health condition, and 58, 289, 160 and 48 students answered themselves as "very healthy", "healthy", "normal", and "unhealthy", respectively. As compared to the other 3 groups, "unhealthy" group showed higher proportions in dissatisfaction of body weight and negative perception of body image (P < 0.01). As health related lifestyles, "very healthy" group reported longer sleeping time than "unhealthy" group (P < 0.05), and had a higher proportion of people with regular exercise. Among the dietary behaviors, the frequencies of followings significantly different among the groups: "Regularity of meal time" (P < 0.01), "Eat protein foods more than twice a day" (P < 0.001), "Eat vegetables" (P < 0.01), "Eat fruit and fruit juice" (P < 0.01), "Eat vegetable oil added foods" (P < 0.01), "Eat seaweed" (P < 0.01), "Eat breakfast" (P < 0.01), "Modulation in animal fat and high in cholesterol intake" (P < 0.01). Particularly, higher proportion of subjects answered "very healthy" had higher frequencies (6-7 times/week) of these dietary behaviors. Overall results suggest that healthy lifestyle including adequate sleeping time, regular exercise, and good dietary behaviors might be potential factors affecting positive perception of health. In addition, positive perception of body weight and image were related with positive perception of health.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study was to revise the target pattern in food guidance system for adolescents' balanced menu planning. Methods: The food groups in the target pattern were divided into detailed food items, and intake number were assigned to each food items based on the revised standard food composition table. The validity of revised target pattern was examined. Menu planning according to the revised target pattern was made available to 305 male and female middle school students and the nutritional assessment of the menu plan were carried out using SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The energy contents, energy contribution ratios of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and 4 minerals' and 6 vitamins' contents of the revised target pattern were adequate. The average energy contents of the menu planned according to revised target pattern were 400~500 kcal higher than that of the revised target pattern when the revised standard food composition was applied. The energy contribution ratios of fat were 28.9%, close to maximum of acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) (30%), and that of carbohydrate were 54.5%, lower than minimum of AMDR (55%). The nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0. According to index of nutritional quality (INQ) of food items, kimchi, milk dairy products, and soybean curd were energy efficient source for calcium, kimchi, fruit, vegetable and seaweed were energy efficient source for vitamin C, with INQ of food items were higher or close to 2.0. Kimchi was the best energy efficient source of calcium and vitamin C. Conclusions: Revised target pattern based on the adolescent's foods intake was not good enough for balanced menu planning by adolescents, because what they ate and what they wanted to eat were very much different. Detailed guidance for food selection is necessary in each food items.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.439-452
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• 2008

This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns of generally healthy Korean middle-aged women and to examine associations of the dietary patterns with socio-demographic, psychological, and physical characteristics. Data were drawn from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which is an ongoing national surveillance system. Healthy female subjects aged 40-64 years and provided the health interview examination and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were included. We conducted factor analysis based on daily mean intake frequency of 26 food groups and identified 3 major dietary patterns, healthy, convenient, and alcohol-animal. The healthy pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fish, seafood, poultry, mushroom, seaweed, vegetable, tomato, potato, and fruit, the convenient pattern by processed meat and fish, ramen, noodle and rice cake, sweet snack, egg, bread, and fast food, and the alcohol-animal pattern by alcohol, poultry, meat, and fish. The healthy pattern was significantly related with higher socio-economic status, more stable family structure, healthier mentality, and sounder status of anthropometric and biochemical variables. Those with higher factor scores for the convenience pattern were found to be younger and having higher socio-economic status, higher subjective levels of health, and lower subjective levels of worry on health. Several physical characteristics significantly improved as the levels of the convenience pattern increased. The alcohol-animal pattern was significantly associated with several socio-demographic characteristics including a low education level, a young age, a small family size, and blue-collar jobs. Public health policy makers can utilize the study findings to select prior target populations with higher needs and to tailor dietary behavioral messages to lower chronic disease risks among Korean middle-aged women.