• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1998

Purpose : To find and solve the common problems of peritoneal dialysis(PD) by analysing the clinical data of pediatric PD performed in Korea. Methods : 264 cases of CAPD and acute PD had been performed from Nov.1987 to Oct. 1997 in 17 institutions of pediatric nephrology in Korea. Results : CAPD was performed in 114 cases. The mean age of the patients was $10.5{\pm}6.6$ years and male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The original renal diseases of ESRD were proven in 92 cases($80\%$). The common renal disease of ESRD were FSGS($17\%$), reflux nephropathy ($11\%$), chronic glomerulonephritis($9.6\%$). Mean duration of CAPD was $20{\pm}16.9$ months. Peritonitis was the most common complication and incidence was one episode/18.2 patient-months. Other complications were exit site infection in 10 cases, obstruction in 7 cases, leakage of dialysate in 6 cases. The most common etiologic organism of peritonitis was staphylococcus aureus and the next was staphylococcus coagulase(-). Acute PD was performed in 150 cases. Most common underlying causes were congenital heart disease, hemolytic uremic syndrome, sepsis and dehydration. The mean duration was $10.3{\pm}11.3$ days. The most common complication was peritonitis($20.6\%$). The most common etiologic organism was staphylococcus aureus and coagulase(-), acinetobactor and pseudomonas. Conclusion : Reflux nephropathy should be emphasized in early diagnosis and treatment to prevent ESRD. Incidence of congenital anomaly($7\%$) as a original disease of ESRD was relatively low in Korea. Growth status was not significantly improved after CAPD. In acute PD, the incidence of peritonitis was rapidly increased at 2weeks after beginning of dialysis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2005

Current study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic selenium supplementation originated from mushroom culture medium on meat quality of Hanwoo sleets. The result showed that organic selenium supplementation of 0.9 ppm (DM based ratio) for 2 (T1), 4 (T2) and 6 (T3) months had no effect on moisture content in longissimus muscle, with 63 to $66\%$ compared to non-supplemented control group Similarly, intramuscular fat content ranged from 11.7 to $16.4\%$ did not differ between the treatment groups (p>0.05). T3 group showed the highest protein content with $20.8\%$ while T2 group had the lowest content with $19.2\%$ The data indicated that organic selenium supplementation to the experimental concentration had indictable effect on proximate composition The treatments similarly had no influence on physical and biological characteristics of longissimus muscle, where cooking loss and shear force ranged from 20 to $21\%$ and from 3.6 to 4.4kg, respectively. On the other hand, muscle pH at 24 h postmortem showed 5.52, 5.57, 5.50, 5.50 for control, T1, T2 and T3, respectively, indicating that the longer feeding period resulted in the lower ultimate un A similar trend was observed from water-holding capacity (63.8, 64.4 and $64.2\%$ for T1, T2 and T3, respectively) which was significantly higher than con01 group of $59.5\%$ For sensory evaluation, juiciness did not differ between the treatment groups, but n and n (5.30 and 5.28, respectively) showed significantly tender mat Particularly, T2 group received significantly higher flavor score among the treatment groups including controls. The data indicated that organic selenium supplementation to the experimental concentration had no effect on beef quality, but the treatment effect on anti-oxidation function is remained for further studies.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop soybean paste sauce with walnuts and sesame seeds and apply it to cooked spinach to examine the applicability of the sauce. Two factors of soybean paste sauce, soybean paste and glutinous rice paste, were need to decide the quantity of the ingredients. Nine soybean paste sauces were produced with various compounding ratio of soybean paste and glutinous rice paste, and color, viscosity and sensory evaluations were performed. Sensory evaluations were measured by 7-point Likert scale. Color($4.08{\pm}1.22$), taste($4.72{\pm}1.24$), viscosity($4.96{\pm}1.39$) and overall quality($4.24{\pm}1.51$) of the sample(soybean paste 400 g, glutinous rice paste 400 g) got the highest scores. Therefore, the sample(soybean paste 400 g, glutinous rice paste 400 g) was applied to cooked spinach. Cooked spinach using developed sauce and cooked spinach using general soybean paste were prepared and performed sensory evaluation. As a result, all sensory items score of cooked spinach using developed sauce were higher than that using general soybean paste. Especially, taste($4.96{\pm}1.15$) and overall quality($0{\pm}1.16$) of cooked spinach using developed sauce were significantly higher than taste($4.38{\pm}1.53$) and overall quality($3.56{\pm}1.53$) of cooked spinach using commercial soybean paste(p<0.05). Consequently, the applicability of soybean paste sauce using natural seeds was confirmed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3075-3078
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• 2013

Background: KLK3 gene products, like human prostate-specific antigen (PSA), are important biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). G protein-coupled receptor RFX6, C2orf43 and FOXP4 signaling plays important roles in the development of PCa. However, associations of these genes with PCa in northern Chinese men remain to be detailed. This study aimed to investigate their impact on occurrence and level of malignancy. Methods: All subjects were from Beijing and Tianjin, including 266 cases with prostate cancer and 288 normal individuals as controls. We evaluated associations between clinical covariates (age at diagnosis, prostate specific antigen, Gleason score, tumor stage and aggressive) and 6 candidate PCa risk loci, genotyped by PCR- high resolution melting curve and sequencing methods. Results: Case-control analysis of allelic frequency of PCa associated with PCa showed that one of the 6 candidate risk loci, rs339331 in the RFX6 gene, was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.57-0.94, P = 0.013) in northern Chinese men. In addition, subjects with CX (CC+TC) genotypes had a decreased risk for prostrate cancer compared to those carrying the TT homozygote (OR =0.64, 95% CI = 0.45- 0.90, P = 0.008). The TT genotype of 13q22 (rs9600079, T) was associated with tumor stage (P=0.044, OR=2.34, 95% CI=0.94-5.87). Other SNPs were not significantly associated with clinical covariates in prostate cancer (P > 0.05). Conclusions. rs339331 in the RFX6 gene may be associated with prostate cancer as a susceptibility locus in northern Chinese men.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.416-427
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• 2011

This study investigated the association among parental socioeconomic level, overweight, and eating habits with diet quality in Korean sixth grade school children. A 3-day dietary survey was conducted, and a questionnaire and anthropometric data were collected from the Korean child obesity cohort (320 boys and 345 girls). The children were classified into two groups (low or high level) based on monthly household income and paternal and maternal education status. Lower maternal education status was associated with a higher risk for overweight in girls (odd ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.07-3.44), whereas belonging to a higher socioeconomic group in terms of parental income or parental education level resulted in the consumption of significantly more fruit. Boys did not show significant differences in the intake of most nutrients or diet quality regardless of socioeconomic status. However, girls in the lower socioeconomic group had a lower food habit score (higher frequency of breakfast skipping and ramen noodle consumption), diet quality, and intake of nutrients (carbohydrate, vitamin C, potassium, and fiber) than those in the higher socioeconomic group. Therefore future nutrition policies and interventions should support parents and children with lower socioeconomic status to develop health-related behaviors that may prevent childhood overweight.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 1994

The critical need of forest road for enchanting the additional values of various forest products, in addition, giving more recreational opportunity to citizen, has been recognized. In this study the present author aimed to ascertain the most effective construction working plan of forest road being tit to Korean geographic condition. To execute this research program, four locations in national forest of Kangweon-do district and other four locations in private forest in Chollabuk-do district both where forest roads have previously been constructed were selected to analyze the effectiveness basing upon the various factors separately or in combination. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The investment efficiency in forest road construction showed to increase in the area where terrain factors and district social factors rate is high, and to decrease in the area where forest status factors and forest road structure factors rate is high. So in future the Forest Resource Development Model of forest road should take more importance particularly on those area having terrain factor ratio is low. The extractable value of constructed forest road based on forest status factors rate is expected to increase in case of high considerably. 2. To construct of forest road for increasing multiple use of forests, forest road should be construct with priority on area where obtained total score by evaluation factors is high. And these evaluation factors should take possible determine the position of forest road construction. 3. The following five types of forest road basing upon function performance are suggested with regard to the place where road is constructed. (1) Forest Utilization Model ; where forest status factors and forest road structure factors rate are over 60%. (2) Forest Resource Development Model ; where terrain factors, forest status factors, forest road structure factors and district social factors rate are less than 60%. (3) Community Development Model ; where terrain factors, forest road structure factors and district social factors rate are over 60% but forest status factors rate are less than 60%. (4) Recreation and Health Model ; where terrain factors, forest status factors, forest road structure factors and district social factors rate are over 60%. (5) Multiple Use Model ; where both forest status factors and district social factors rate are over 60%.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.672-677
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• 2007

Purpose : To assess the prevalence and characteristics of headache comorbidity with epilepsy in children and adolescents in a specialty epilepsy clinic. Methods : Two hundred twenty nine consecutive patients attending the Chosun University Hospital Pediatric Epilepsy Clinic (mean age $10.0{\pm}4.1\;years$, range 4-17, M:F ratio 1.1:1.0) were interviewed with a standardized headache questionnaire. Headache was classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition and epilepsy was classified according to the International League Against Epilepsy. Disability was assessed using pediatric migraine disability assessment (PedMIDAS). Results : Of the 229 epilepsy patients, 86 (37.6%) had co-morbid headache. Of the headache patients, 64 (74.4%) had migraine (65.6%- migraine without aura, 20.3% - migraine with aura, 14.1% - probable migraine). The mean headache frequency was $7.2{\pm}8.4$ per month, mean duration was $2.2{\pm}4.0$ hours, mean severity was $5.2{\pm}2.2$ out of 10, and mean PedMIDAS score was $13.0{\pm}35.4$. The proportion of females was not higher in epilepsy with headache patients (48.8%) compared to epilepsy patients alone (48.0%). In the patients with migraine, 48.4% had complex partial seizures, 17.2% had simple partial seizures, and 34.4% had generalized seizures (P=0.368). A postictal association of migraine was reported in 18.8% with 17.2% reporting a preictal headache, and 7.8% reporting an ictal headache. Conclusion : The prevalence of headache in pediatric epilepsy is higher than that in general pediatric population, suggesting a co-morbidity of headache in epilepsy patients with migraine being the most frequent headache disorder. Altered cerebral excitability resulting in an increased occurrence of spreading depression may explain the headache comorbidity with epilepsy. Further studies are needed to assess the etiology of this co-morbidity as well as assess the frequency, duration, severity and disability response to antiepileptic drugs.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the association between depression with atypical features and metabolic syndromes in Korean adults using the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods : We used the 2016 KNHANES data to enroll 277 participants with a score of 10 or higher on Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Depression with atypical features was diagnosed when at least two of the following criteria were met : 1) sleeping more than 10 hours a day ; 2) weight gain of more than 3 kg in a year ; and 3) fatigue/anergia. Depression was divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of atypical features. Physical and mental health, and risk of metabolic syndrome were compared between the groups. Results : Among the 277 participants, 91 had depression with atypical features. We identified significant differences in age, sex, income, and education between the two groups. After adjusting for these variables, depression with atypical features had lower EuroQol-5D index scores (p<0.001) and higher prevalence of metabolic syndromes (p=0.035) compared to the depression without atypical features. Depression with atypical features had higher odds ratio (OR) in association with metabolic syndromes after adjusting for confounding variables (OR=1.923 ; 95% confidence interval : 1.069-3.460). Conclusions : Depression with atypical features increases the risk of metabolic syndromes and lowers the quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.527-536
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess how nutrient intakes are related to risk factors for metabolic syndrome according to dietary patterns in the middle-aged adults. Methods: The subjects (n = 187; 47 men, 140 women) consisted of middle-aged adults over 30 years old in Ilsan area. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the data collected from each subject, including anthropometric measurements and blood analyses. The dietary patterns were derived from the average of two-day dietary intake data. Results: Factor analysis identified three major dietary patterns which were "Meats and alcohol", "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits", and "Rice, Kimchi and fish & shellfish". The daily intakes of energy, protein, and sodium increased across quartiles of "Meats and alcohol" pattern scores (p < 0.05), whereas the intakes of carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, and fiber increased across quartiles of "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits" pattern scores (p < 0.001). The "Meats and alcohol" pattern scores were positively correlated with protein and sodium intakes but inversely correlated with carbohydrates, fiber and potassium intakes which were adjusted for age, sex and energy (p < 0.05). The highest quartile pattern score of "Meats and alcohol" pattern had elevated odds ratio of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). The risk of hypertriglyceridemia decreased in the highest quartile of "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits" pattern (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12-1.00). Conclusions: Our results suggested that reducing the consumption of meat and alcohol along with increasing fruits, vegetables and mixed grains would be helpful for preventing the metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.667-678
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of functional material(T1; pine needle powder, 0.4%, T2; perilla leaves powder, 0.4%, T3; green tea powder, 0.4%) on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausages. The samples were stored at $9{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 40 days and analyzed with an interval of 10 days. The pH of all emulsion-type sausages increased as storage period increased. Water holding capacity(WHC) of all treatments were slightly increased as storage period increased and rapidly decreased on 40 days of storage. In texture analysis, hardness, chewiness, gumminess and brittleness were increased with storage in all treatments group. TBARS values of T3 was lower than those of other treatments at 1 days of storage, while that was the slightly higher in T4 at 40 day of storage. The L* values was decreased as storage period increased. The a* values was highest in C, while it was the lowest in T2 and T3. The residual nitrite content of all samples were in very safe range during the whole storage period. During the storage period 40 days, the Lactobacilli spp. of C were higher($10^7$CFU/g) than those of 3 treatments. In sensory evaluation, the score of overall acceptability were higher in the order of C(5.5-6.5)>T1(4.8-6.0)>T2(4.8-5.8)>T3(4.3-4.8). In the manufacture of functional sausage containing pine needle, perilla leaves and green tea powder, further studied are needs on addition type/ratio of functional materials and the use of added spices.