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Association Between Parental Socioeconomic Level, Overweight, and Eating Habits with Diet Quality in Korean Sixth Grade School Children

부모의 사회경제적 수준 (가구 월수입, 부모 교육수준)과 초등학교 6학년 학생의 과체중 및 식습관, 식사 질과의 관계

  • Jang, Han-Byul (Division of metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health) ;
  • Park, Ju-Yeon (Division of metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health) ;
  • Lee, Hye-Ja (Division of metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health) ;
  • Kang, Jae-Heon (Department of Family Medicine, Obesity Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Hee (Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University) ;
  • Song, Ji-Hyun (Division of metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health)
  • 장한별 (국립보건연구원 생명의과학센터 대사영양질환과) ;
  • 박주연 (국립보건연구원 생명의과학센터 대사영양질환과) ;
  • 이혜자 (국립보건연구원 생명의과학센터 대사영양질환과) ;
  • 강재헌 (인제대학교 서울백병원 가정의학과) ;
  • 박경희 (한림대학교 성심병원 가정의학과) ;
  • 송지현 (국립보건연구원 생명의과학센터 대사영양질환과)
  • Received : 2011.08.23
  • Accepted : 2011.10.14
  • Published : 2011.10.31

Abstract

This study investigated the association among parental socioeconomic level, overweight, and eating habits with diet quality in Korean sixth grade school children. A 3-day dietary survey was conducted, and a questionnaire and anthropometric data were collected from the Korean child obesity cohort (320 boys and 345 girls). The children were classified into two groups (low or high level) based on monthly household income and paternal and maternal education status. Lower maternal education status was associated with a higher risk for overweight in girls (odd ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.07-3.44), whereas belonging to a higher socioeconomic group in terms of parental income or parental education level resulted in the consumption of significantly more fruit. Boys did not show significant differences in the intake of most nutrients or diet quality regardless of socioeconomic status. However, girls in the lower socioeconomic group had a lower food habit score (higher frequency of breakfast skipping and ramen noodle consumption), diet quality, and intake of nutrients (carbohydrate, vitamin C, potassium, and fiber) than those in the higher socioeconomic group. Therefore future nutrition policies and interventions should support parents and children with lower socioeconomic status to develop health-related behaviors that may prevent childhood overweight.

본 연구는 부모의 사회경제적 수준과 초등학교 6학년 자녀의 과체중 위험도, 식습관, 식사 질과의 관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 어머니 교육수준이 낮은 여학생 집단이 비교 집단에 비해 과체중의 위험도가 1.91배 높았다. 하지만 남학생의 경우에는 과체중 위험도와 사회경제수준 간에 유의성이 없었다. 2) 남녀 모두 수입 및 부모의 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 과일류 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 여학생의 경우 이와 함께 가구 월수입 및 부모의 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 어패류의 섭취량도 유의적으로 낮았다. 3) 1일 평균 영양소 섭취량을 비교한 결과 여학생의 경우 가구 월수입 및 부모의 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 총 섭취량과 식물성 식품의 섭취가 유의적으로 낮았으며, 이와 함께 탄수화물, 비타민 C, 칼륨, 식이 섬유의 섭취도 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 4) 여학생의 경우 아버지의 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 높은 집단 보다 탄수화물을 통하여 섭취하는 에너지의 비율은 낮았던 반면, 지방의 비율은 유의적으로 높았다. 하지만 남학생의 경우 가구 월수입 및 부모의 교육수준에 따른 열량 및 영양소 섭취량에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 5) 가구 월수입 및 부모의 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 EAR 미만으로 영양소를 섭취하는 대상자 비율이 높았다. 남학생은 월수입이 낮은 집단에서 나이아신, 철분 섭취가 EAR 보다 부족한 학생비율이 높았으며, 부모의 교육수준에 따라서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 여학생은 사회경제적 수준이 낮은 집단에서 인의 섭취가 EAR 미만인 대상자가 비율이 유의적으로 높았고, 이와 함께 부모 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 나이아신과 비타민 B6의 섭취량이 EAR 보다 부족한 비율이 높았다. 6) 여학생의 경우 가구 월수입에 따른 비교에서 가구 월수입이 낮은 집단에서 라면의 섭취 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 부모의 교육수준에 따른 비교에서는 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 남녀 모두 아침 식사 결식 횟수가 높고, 라면의 섭취 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 7) 여학생의 경우 가구 월수입 및 부모의 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 식품섭취 다양성과 균형성이 모두 비교 집단에 비하여 낮게 나타났다. 하지만 남학생의 경우 가구 월수입 및 부모의 교육수준에 따른 유의적인 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구를 통하여 부모의 사회경제적 수준은 여학생의 식습관과 식사의 질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 부모의 낮은 사회경제적 수준은 자녀의 바람직하지 않은 식습관과 낮은 식사의 질과 관련되어 있었으며, 이는 영양소 섭취량에도 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 어머니 교육수준은 여학생의 과체중 위험도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 사회경제적 수준이 낮은 집단에 대한 건강한 식습관과 체중 관리를 위한 교육 및 영양 정책이 필요하다.

Keywords

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