• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.285-300
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• 2001

To meet standards for high quality of care and satisfied customers, an evaluation tool about nursing care is necessary. And, We need to evaluate our practice continuously for the improvement in quality and outcomes. This study was intended to develop an evaluation tool about nursing care in NSICU, and was progressed of 3 steps; development, content validity verification and reliability verification. Data were obtained and analysed from Feb. To April, 2000. Development process of the study was as follows A preliminary list was made item by item on the basis of clinical Experience, literature review and patients' record review. Then the standards, criteria and indicators of preliminary evaluation tool were set by 5 clinical nursing panel, and their content validity was reviewed by 27 ICU nurses. Finally, an evaluation tool was developed and verified the reliability at c-university hospital located in Kwang-Ju. The results of this was as follows 1) The evaluation tool of this study developed 8 standards, 39 criterias and 106 indicators. The standards were divided into two dimensions. One was process dimension which contained 4 standards(26 criteria), The other was outcome dimension which contained 4 standards(13 criteria). 2) the Average content validity of the tool was 3.39 at standards, 3.55 at criteria and 3.51 at indicators. 3) Interrater reliability of the tool is r=.7993(p<.001) & internal consistency reliability ${\alpha}$ is .6031 4) Scores of NSICU Patients who participated in this study were 57 at total mean score, 58 at process mean score and 56 at outcome mean score The evaluation tool developed in this study seems to be useful in evaluation nursing practice appropriately for the improvement of nursing care in NSICU. I hope that this evaluation tool can be used effectively in NSICU as an intervention for the improvement of quality control.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2020

Background: The elevated risk of occupational infection such as tuberculosis among health workers in many countries raises the question of whether the quality of occupational health and safety (OHS) and infection prevention and control (IPC) can be improved by auditing. The objectives of this study were to measure (1) audited compliance of primary health-care facilities in South Africa with national standards for OHS and IPC, (2) change in compliance at reaudit three years after baseline, and (3) the inter-rater reliability of the audit. Methods: The study analyzed audits of 60 primary health-care facilities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Baseline external audits in the time period 2011-2012 were compared with follow-up internal audits in 2014-2015. Audits at 25 facilities that had both internal and external audits conducted in 2014/2015 were used to measure reliability. Results: At baseline, 25% of 60 facilities were "noncompliant" (audit score<50%), 48% "conditionally compliant" (score >50 < 80%), and only 27% "compliant" (score >80%). Overall, there was no significant improvement in compliance three years after baseline. Percentage agreement on specific items between internal and external audits ranged from 28% to 92% and kappa from -0.8 to 0.41 (poor to moderate). Conclusion: Low baseline compliance with OHS-IPC measures and lack of improvement over three years reflect the difficulties of quality improvement in these domains. Low inter-rater reliability of the audit instrument undermines the audit process. Evidence-based investment of effort is required if repeat auditing is to contribute to occupational risk reduction for health workers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

Objectives : To evaluate the pain improvement of the frozen shoulder patients taken the electro-acupuncture therapy using Visual Analogue Scale. Methods : The 38 frozen shoulder patients visited department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion in National Medical Center from 1st September 2004 to 28th February 2005 had taken the electroacupuncture therapy or body-acupuncture therapy more than 3 times.(Electroacupuncture group was 24 persons and body-acupuncture group was 14 persons.) We evaluated their improvement of shoulder pain using Visual Analog Scale(VAS) at each visit. Then we analyzed the pain improvement comparing with two groups. Results : Both VAS scores of electroacupuncture group and body-acupuncture group have significantly improved. VAS score at third visit of electroacupuncture group and body-acupuncture group have significantly improved. VAS score at third visit of electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than that of body-acupuncture group (p=0.0057). The decreased VAS score after first visit of electroacupuncture group was also significantly higher than that of body-acupuncture group(p=0.0225). Conclusion : The pain of electroacupuncture group decreased more than body-acupuncture group at early visit. But the total decreased VAS scores of two groups was not significantly different.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

Objectives : To prove the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment targeting the insomnia-complaining patients from the group of hospital inpatients. Methods : Among Wonkwang University Iksan Oriental Medical Hospital impatients, needling Sinmaek($BL_{62}$) and Johae($KI_6$) and Venesection on Eunbaek(SP1) on the 15 insomnia-complaining patients. Then, confirmed the degree of insomnia symptom improvements through Saint's Mary Hospital(SMH) questionnaire, insomnia severity index(ISI), and Korean sleep scale(KSS). Results : 1. Result indicated after the acupuncture treatment, the total hours of sleeping increased in average per hour. 2. When evaluating the degree of improvement using Insomnia Severity Index(ISI) after the treatment, average score was lowered and the statistical data showed the result was significant. 3. When evaluating the degree of improvement using Korean Sleep Scale(KSS), the average score was increased and the statistical data showed the result was significant. Conclusions : Among the insomnia patients from the group of Oriental Medical Hospital inpatients, the total hours of sleeping increased, showed the score improvement by using the tool for evaluating sleeping, and indicated statistically significant treatment effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of heating-conduction acupuncture therapy on ligament injury induced by acute ankle sprain. Methods : From september 16, 2008 to April 17, 2010, the 28 outpatients who had admitted to department of oriental rehabilitation medicine, Dae-Jeon oriental Medical hospital, Dae-Jeon university with acute ankle sprain were performed heating-conduction acupuncture therapy on anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament injury. To evaluate the efficiency of heating-conduction acupuncture therapy, pain threshold with pressure algometer and visual analogue scale(VAS) were applied before treatment and after 1st, 2nd treatment. Results : 1. The pain threshold and the VAS score showed statistical significant improvement after 1st treatment on calcaneofibular and anterior talofibular ligament injury. 2. The VAS score after 2nd treatment on calcaneofibular and anterior talofibular ligament injury showed statistical significant improvement compared with that after 1st treatment. 3. The pain threshold after 2nd treatment on calcaneofibular and anterior talofibular ligament injury did not show statistical significant improvement compared with that after 1st treatment. 4. The difference between anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament injury was not statistical significant in pain threshold and VAS score. Conclusions : Heating-conduction acupuncture therapy has clinical effects of pain reduction on patient with calcaneofibular ligament injury as well as anterior talofibular ligament induced by acute ankle sprain.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to know that Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) score to effect on improvement degree of low back pain after oriental medical treatment. Methods : We analyzed charts of 33 inpatients who were treated in Ja-Seng Hospital of Oriental Medicine and Bu-Cheon Ja-seng Hospital of Oriental Medicine. Subject is divided into Group A(BDI<10) and Group B(BDI${\geqq}$10). Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were checked on admission, after 1 week, NRS and ODI were rechecked to estimate the efficacy of treatments. Results : 1. In both groups, NRS was significantly decreased(p<0.05). Analyzed result of the interaction between the two groups didn't show significant difference(p=0.197). 2. In Group A, ODI was significantly decresed(p<0.05). In Group B, ODI wasn't significantly decreased(p=0.058). The interaction analysis between the two groups didn't show significant difference(p=0.173). 3. Analyzing patients with chronic back pain longer than 6 months by the presence of depression tendency and NRS, ODI decrease after 1 week of ambulation, while the NRS reduction showed relevancy by the depression tendency (p<0.05), the ODI reduction didn't(p=0.272). Conclusions : 1. Although improvement of pain before and after the treatment and degree of functional recovery in high-level BDI group was less than low-level BDI group, but it was stastically insignificant. 2. High BDI score of patients with chronic low back pain is the factor of disturbing pain improvement.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.122-137
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• 2021

Objectives: In South Korea, traffic accident victims can be treated under automobile insurance coverage. Korean medicine (KM) clinics have reported the largest number of automobile insurance fee claims among medical institutions. This study investigated the status of the KM automobile insurance system in a single KM clinic. Methods: We retrospectively surveyed the medical charts of 342 traffic accident patients treated at the Jisung KM clinic between January 2009 and June 2017. Results: Most of the patients were men and in their 30s. The most common method of locating the clinic was an internet search. The most common traffic accident type was collision between vehicles (83.63%), with 70.76% of patients visiting during the most acute phase. The major disease codes included S434, M4836, F072, S0600, and S3350. The most frequent treatment period was within 1 month of the accident, and most patients received 10 or fewer treatments. The mean treatment duration and number of treatments were 37.68 ± 45.11 days and 11.68 ± 10.63 treatments, respectively. The initial pain numerical rating scale (NRS), 7.32 ± 0.96, decreased to 3.57 ± 1.40 at the end of treatment, with a symptom improvement score of 1.87 ± 0.60. Regarding sex, age, disease duration, location at the time of the accident, presence of additional and psychological symptoms, and chuna, there were statistically significant differences in treatment duration and number of treatments. A higher number of treatments and the longer treatment duration was associated with a higher initial NRS, lower post-treatment NRS, and better improvement score. Since the introduction of traffic accident (TA) pharmacopuncture, the rate of use of a single type of pharmacopuncture increased; however, no significant differences in treatment duration and number, NRS before and after treatment, and improvement score were observed between treatment groups before and after TA pharmacopuncture. No adverse reactions were observed for any treatment. Conclusion: This study confirmed the previous findings of a high treatment effect of KM under automobile insurance. We also observed significant correlations based on a detailed medical status, which may explain the increasing use of KM in the automobile insurance system. Additional multi-center studies in different regions are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2022

Background and Objectives Cough suppression therapy (CST) is a physiotherapy that can be used for patients with chronic refractory cough (CRC). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of CST for CRC. Materials and Method A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in 27 patients with CRC. Participants were randomized to receive either standard mucolytic medications for CRC combined with supplemental CST (CST group) or standard medications alone (control group). CST consists of laryngeal hygiene management, humidification, cough suppression technique, breathing method, and counseling. We assessed the symptoms change at baseline and week 4 with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Secondary efficacy outcomes included the degree of cough Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score (0 to 100 scale). Results From 2019 to 2021, 14 CST group patients and 13 control group patients were included. The improvement was significantly greater in the CST group than in the control group for cough VAS score (36.67 to 13.33 vs. 74.29 to 16.43, p<0.001). Patients in the CST group had a significant improvement in total (70.14 to 107.71, p=0.005), physical (31.42 to 43.86, p=0.015), psychological (23.57 to 40.14, p=0.003), and social (15.14 to 23.71, p=0.005) LCQ scores. However, there was not a significant pre- to post-treatment LCQ score improvement in control group. Conclusion CST might be an effective supplemental intervention for CRC.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2019

Background and Objectives The picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser was first approved by the US FDA in 2012. A previous study described the use of a 1,064 nm picosecond laser with a micro-lens array (MLA) in peri-areolar scarring from breast reconstruction surgery and reported significant improvement in the texture and aesthetic appearance of the scar without other wound complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of overall scarring, not just pigmentation, in the picosecond laser treatment of patients with pigmentations. Materials and Methods Sixteen patients who underwent 1,064 nm picosecond laser treatment from June 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. Patients received two to six sessions of picosecond laser treatment at intervals of 4 weeks. Before and after the laser treatment, the patients evaluated their own satisfaction score and a physician evaluated the Vancouver Scar Scale. To evaluate the satisfaction score and complication rate, a retrospective chart review was done. Results Seven were female and nine were male. The mean of the patients' satisfaction score before the treatment was 1.44 (interquartile range [IQR], 1-2) and 3.00 (IQR 2.25-3.75) six months after treatment. The mean of the Vancouver Scar Scale before the treatment was 9.69 (IQR 8-11), and 6.25 (IQR 5-7.75) six months after treatment. All the results were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion This study provides evidence that the use of a 1,064 nm picosecond laser treatment for pigmented scars can be effective in improving the pigmentation and overall scar status, including vascularity, height, and pliability, with the results of a decrease in the VSS scores between treatments.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of study was 500 people who are not related to dentistry in order to survey image about dental technicians. Methods : The subjects were composed of 500 people who are not related in Daegu Metropolitan city. This study was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17.0 for Windows. As for the analysis methods, the study used the frequency analysis, percentage, mean, t-test, analysis of variance. Results : The score on the image of dental technicians declined in the order of occupational image(2.98), work image(3.14), personal image(3.26), social image(2.87). 'It is hard and stressful' in the occupational image had the highest score with 3.69, 'Dentist and companionship are strong' in the occupational image had the lowest score with 2.21. 'It need expert knowledge and a skilled technology' in the work image had the highest score with 3.69, 'Health medical treatment side of health technique is occupation.' in the work image had the lowest score with 3.69. 'It always work busily' in the personal image had the highest score with 3.69, 'It is value and is effect work.' in the personal image had the lowest score with 3.69. 'An employment is easy after license acquisition.' in the social image had the highest score with 3.69, 'It admit independence' in the social image had the lowest score with 3.69. Conclusion : Dental technition research in order to image improvement and recognition, as the medical professional must construct the desirable dental technition image and recognition.