• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2013

Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer in men that smoke, and the incidence of disease increases with age. The mechanism of occurrence has not yet been established. Potassium channels have been linked with cell proliferation. Some two-pore domain $K^+$ channels (K2P), such as TASK3 and TREK1, have recently been shown to be overexpressed in cancer cells. Here we focused on the relationship between cell growth and the mechanosensitive K2P channel, TREK2, in the human bladder cancer cell line, 253J. We confirmed that TREK2 was expressed in bladder cancer cell lines by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Using the patch-clamp technique, the mechanosensitive TREK2 channel was recorded in the presence of symmetrical 150 mM KCl solutions. In 253J cells, the TREK2 channel was activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids, intracellular acidosis at -60 mV and mechanical stretch at -40 mV or 40 mV. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated TREK2 knockdown resulted in a slight depolarization from $-19.9mV{\pm}0.8$ (n=116) to $-8.5mV{\pm}1.4$ (n=74) and decreased proliferation of 253J cells, compared to negative control siRNA. 253J cells treated with TREK2 siRNA showed a significant increase in the expression of cell cycle boundary proteins p21 and p53 and also a remarkable decrease in protein expression of cyclins D1 and D3. Taken together, the TREK2 channel is present in bladder cancer cell lines and may, at least in part, contribute to cell cycle-dependent growth.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2013

미산성 차아염소산수는 다양한 종류의 미생물들에 대해 강력한 살균력을 나타내지만 인간과 자연에 무해한 살균제로 잘 알려져 있다. 4%의 희석된 염산만으로 무격막 전해조에서 전기분해를 통해 만들어졌으며 유효염소 농도가 20~30 ppm(HOCl 97%)이고 pH 5.0~6.5인 미산성 차아염소산수의 식물병원균들에 대한 살균효과를 조사하였다. Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Phytophthora capsici 등의 포자들에 대해서는 대략 10초 정도의 처리시간으로도 100% 살균효과가 나타났으나 Penicillium hirsutum의 경우는 3분 이상의 처리시간이 요구되었다. 희석농도에 따른 C. acutatum에 대한 살균효과를 조사한 결과 1:1(미산성 차아염소산수:멸균수)의 비율로 희석한 처리구에서는 포자발아가 100% 억제되었으나 1:2 처리구에서는 63%로 억제율이 낮아졌다. 고추탄저병균 C. acutatum을 고추열매에 접종한 후 24시간이 지나서 처리된 미산성 차아염소산수의 병방제 효과를 조사한 결과 방제가는 70.4%였다. 본 연구를 통해 미산성 차아염소산수의 강하고 광범위한 살균력이 확인되었으며 식물병 방제를 위한 살균제로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상됐다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

A colorimetric paper sensor was used to detect volatile nitrogen-containing compounds emitted from spoiled salmon filets to determine their freshness. The sensing mechanism was based on acid-base reactions between acidic pH-indicating dyes and basic volatile ammonia and amines. A sensing layer was simply fabricated by drop-casting a dye solution of bromocresol green (BCG) on a polyvinylidene fluoride substrate, and its color-change response was enhanced by optimizing the amounts of additive chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and graphene oxide in the dye solution. To avoid the adverse effects of water vapor, both faces of the sensing layer were enclosed by using a polyethylene terephthalate film and a gas-permeable microporous polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, respectively. When exposed to basic gas analytes, the paper-like sensor distinctly exhibited a color change from initially yellow, then to green, and finally to blue due to the deprotonation of BCG via the Brønsted acid-base reaction. The use of ammonia analyte as a test gas confirmed that the sensing performance of the optimized sensor was reversible and excellent (detection time of < 15 min, sensitive naked-eye detection at 0.25 ppm, good selectivity to common volatile organic gases, and good stability against thermal stress). Finally, the coloration intensity of the sensor was quantified as a function of the storage time of the salmon filet at 28℃ to evaluate its usefulness in monitoring of the food freshness with the measurement of the total viable count (TVC) of microorganisms in the food. The TVC value increased from 3.2 × 10⁵ to 3.1 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 28 h and then became stable, whereas the sensor response abruptly changed in the first 8 h and slightly increased thereafter. This result suggests that the colorimetric response could be used as an indicator for evaluating the degree of decay of salmon induced by microorganisms.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1975

Alaska pollack caught in the Northern Pacific Ocean and frozen aboard vessel are skipped to the plant and processed into frozen fillets. In the present paper quality changes during thwaing, refreezing and storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ are discussed. Natural, running-water, vacuum and steam thawing were employed as thawing methods. And contact plate, air blast, immersion in dry ice-alcohol solution freezing and storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ were applied to refreeze the thawed fillets. As quality factors content of drip released, salt-extractable protein, VBN, DNA in the drip and pH were determined. In addition, bacteriological tests were also carried out along with the whole process. In thawing of round material, the vacuum thawing was more effective than any other method, resulting in drip, salt-extractable protein $(N\%)$, VBN and DNA as $4.4\%,\;1.82\%,\;16.21mg\%$ and $13.70\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ as refreezing method yielded lower in drip and DNA content but similar to or slightly higher in both salt-extractable protein and VBN, which might postulate that the quality of the frozen fillet depends not largely on the secondary freezing but on the conditions of thawing and primary freezing. It seemed that most of the bacterial flora in thawed fillet came from skin and viscera of fish, worker's hands, utensils and other processing facilities, since sanitary indicative bacteria were not detected in the frozen flesh of round Alaska pollack. Bacterial quality of fillet varied with thawing methods, vacuum thawing appeared more sanitative compared with other methods as natural, running-water, and steam thawing. Bacterial colonies isolated from the thawed fillet were composed of $73.8\%$ Gram negative rod shape, $4.9\%$ Gram positive rod shape, $18.0\%$ cocci, and $3.3\%$ yeast. Decreasing rate of coliform group of the fillet during the storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 30 days was more than $70\%$ and that of plate count was less than of coliform group.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.574-577
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• 2011

In this study, we use the $2.5cm{\times}7.5cm$ soda lime glass as the substrate. We used the ultrasonicator. Glass was dipped in the acetone, methanol and DI water respectively for 10 minutes. Ar(99.99%)gas was used as the sputtering gas. We varied the RF power between 100~175 W with 25 W steps. Base pressure was kept by turbo molecular pump at $3.0{\times}10^{-6}$ torr. Working pressure was kept by injection of Ar gas. ZnS thin films were deposited with the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique at various temperatures and sputtering powers. It is also clearly observed that, the intensity of the (111) XRD peak increases with increasing the RF power. Electrical properties were measured by hall effect methods at room temperature. The resistivity, carrier concentration, and hall mobility of ZnS deposited on glass substrate as a function of sputtering power. It can be seen that as the sputtering power increase from 100 to 175 W, the resistivity of the films on glass decreased significantly from $8.1{\times}10^{-2}$ to $1.2{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$. This behavior could be explained by the effect of the sputtering power on the mobility and carrier concentration. When the RF power increases, the carrier concentration increases slightly while the resistivity decreases significantly. These variation originate from improved crystallinity and enhanced substitutional doping as the sputtering power increases.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2001

절삭유(Metalworking Fludis, MWF) 노출로 인한 건강상의 장애는 암, 호흡기질환, 피부질환이다. MWF는 20여가지 이상의 화학물질이 혼합된 고분자의 화합물로서 상온에서 쉽게 증발되지 않는다. 이러한 특성으로 공기 중 MWF미스트의 측정과 분석은 PVC필터를 이용한 중량법이 국제적으로 공인되어 이용되고 있다. 그러나 사업장에서 MWF는 사용과정에서 분산되면 표면적이 커지고 증발하기 쉬운 상태로 된다. 본 연구는 실험실에서 MWF미스트 발생장치를 제작하여 MWF미스트가 필터에 채취되고 분석되는 과정에서 손실되는 양과 원인을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 즉 챔버에서 MWF가 채취된 PVC필터를 깨끗한 공기로 일정시간동안(10 ~ 240 분) 접촉하고 건조하여 각각의 과정(공기접촉, 건조기간)에서의 손실을 평가하였다. 공기와의 접촉 10분 후에 손실된 MWF양은 원래양의 12.4% - 21.8%였다. 전과정에서 손실된 양의 53.3%가 공기의 접촉초기에 일어나는 것을 확인하였다. PVC필터에 채취된 MWF의 손실은 건조과정에서 일어난 것을 확인하였다. PVC필터에 채취된 MWF의 손실에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위한 다중회귀분석에서 MWF의 특성(사용중인 것과 사용하지 않는 것)이 유의한 예측변수였다. 이 연구 결과에 따르면, 국제적으로 공인된 증량법에 의한 공기중 MWF측정은 과소평가되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1999

방사선 전조사 그라프트 중합법을 이용하여 폴리프로필렌 부직포에 Glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)를 그라프트 시킨 후, Phosphoric acid를 반응시켜서, 양 이온성 흡착제를 제조하고, $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ 및 $Co^{2+}$이온에 대한 양이온성 흡착제의 흡착특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 그라프트 반응에서, 그라프트율은 조사량, 반응시간, 그리고 온도가 증가함에 따라서 증가하였다. 또한, 용매에 대한 GMA의 농도의 비가 60%인 경우 그라프트율이 최대가 되었다. 인산화 반응에서 인산기의 함량은 85%의 인산용액에서 2.5-3.5 mmol/g 이었다. 흡착실험에서, 2.9 mmol/g 인산기를 갖는 양이온성 흡착제의 흡착량은, $Co^{2+}$에서, Kg당 75.5g 이었고, $Cu^{2+}$의 경우, Kg당 36.6g 이었으며, $Pb^{2+}$에서는 Kg당 79.0g 이었다. 인산기를 함유한 양이온성 흡착제의 흡착량은 $Pb^{2+}$>$Co^{2+}$>$Cu^{2+}$ 순으로 흡착되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.765-776
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to a) examine IC (intellectual capital) circumstance of CFMC (contract foodservice management company), b) identify the correlation between IC of CFMC, c) analyze the cause and effect of IC in the viewpoint of contractor, client, and customer. The questionnaires of IC measurement were handed out to 108 CfHCs, there composing of main office employees, foodservice managers, customers, and clients of 207 school, 38 hospital, and 86 business/industry foodservices. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win (ver 12.0) for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis. First, CFMCs had operational experience for an average of 8 years and 8 months, and served an average of 38,540 meals a day. Most of the respondent companies operated 'food supply/distribution($50\%$)', 'catering ($46.7\%$)', and restaurant business ($43.3\%$)' except for institutional foodservice and managed an average of 66 clients for the contract period of 2 years and 3 months. Second, there was positive correlation between $\ulcorner$sales of foodservice$\lrcorner$ and 'market ability', $\ulcorner$client satisfaction$\lrcorner$ and necessary intellectual capital for managing branch/chain foodservice office, and $\ulcorner$customer satisfaction$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$renewal and development$\lrcorner$, 'market ability', 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation', 'employee satisfaction', respectively. Finally, the result of the cause and effect analysis on CFMCs, clients, and customers was positively influenced by 'client satisfaction' with 'customer satisfaction', 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation' and 'customer satisfaction' with 'employee satisfaction', and 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation'. In conclusion, if CFMCs were to perform a routine checkups by utilizing CFMC's IC measuring tool, improvements in CFMC operational capacities as well as foodservice quality can be noted. Additionally, CFMCS can satisfy their client-customer relationship by employing internal marketing thechniques for employee, a more efficient infrastructure support system, and construc tive infrastructure utilization. Therefore, CFMCs can show significant improvement in their sales and foodservice quali-ty though continuous maintenance of the client and customer satisfaction.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of Mume Fructus(MF) on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil(PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism.Methods : Aqueous extracts of MF(yield = 19.38%) were administered, once per day for 42 days from 2 weeks before starting of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 300 and 150 ㎎/㎏(body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 ㎎/㎏ for 28 days. The changes in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, liver weight, serum levels of thyroid hormone-thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), tri-iodothyronine(T₃) and thyroxine(T₄), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), liver antioxidant defense system-lipid peroxidation, H₂O₂, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were examined with histopathology of thyroid glands and liver.Results : Results were compared with LevoT₄0.5 ㎎/㎏ treated rats. MF extracts recovered from the decreases in the body weight, liver weight, T₃and T₄, TG, liver CAT activities as results of PTU treatment. And MF extracts recovered from the increases of thyroid gland weights, TSH, HDL contents, liver H₂O₂, AST as results of PTU treatment. In addition, these PTU-induced histopathological changes in thyroid glands and liver related to hypothyroidism were dramatically decreased by treatment of both different dosages of MF extract, respectively.Conclusions : According to the above results, it is suggested that MF extracts have advantageous effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism related liver injuries mediated by the modulation on the antioxidant system.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to unaffected siblings (SIB) and typically developing children (TC). Methods: Subjects with ASD, their SIB, and TC were recruited. All subjects were assessed using both the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) and the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (K-ADOS) and were subsequently identified as affected or unaffected. Prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history was obtained from the primary caregivers and each facet was compared in those with ASD, the SIB, and the TC groups using SPSS ver. 17.0 (p<.05). Results: 70 individuals with ASD (63 males, 87.94${\pm}$37.8months), 53 SIB (27 males, 85.4087.94${\pm}$48.06 months), and 32 TC (19 males, 104.1987.94${\pm}$23.409 months) were analyzed. The ASD group showed significantly higher rates of insufficient vaccination as they aged age ($x^2$=15.54, p=.000). Among the scheduled vaccinations, the DPT vaccination ($x^2$=10.08, p=.006) was insufficient in ASD groups. The ASD group also showed higher rates of sleep disturbances from infancy. Differences in maternal/paternal age at conception, gestational age, and growth parameters at birth were not significantly difference among the three groups. Conclusion: These results do not support the previous controversies regarding the relationship between prenatal/perinatal complications and ASD. However, these results indicate that perinatal and prenatal factors may contribute to the development of ASD.