• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.485-502
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 과학 학습 상황을 과학 문제 대면, 결과 확인, 과학 개념 학습의 세 단계로 구분하여 학생들의 상태호기심 및 상태불안을 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고, 개발한 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 여러 선행연구의 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 과학 상태호기심과 과학 상태불안을 세 단계의 학습 상황에 맞게 정의하였고, 이 정의에 맞게 예비 문항을 개발하였다. 예비 문항은 상태호기심 및 상태불안의 변화도 파악할 수 있도록 단계별로 문항 수와 기본틀이 동일하게 개발하였다. 안면타당도와 내용 타당도 검증과정에서 일부 예비 문항을 수정하였다. 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석 결과 본 측정도구는 각 단계별로 상태호기심 5 문항과 상태불안 5 문항(2 요인 10 문항)으로 구성되었고, 본 측정도구의 구인타당도를 확보하였다. 크론바흐 알파값은 요인별, 전체문항별 모두 0.8 이상이 나왔다. 본 측정도구는 세 단계의 과학 학습 상황에 맞게 상태호기심 및 상태불안을 측정하고 그 변화를 파악할 수 있다는 점에서 의미있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.585-597
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 초등교사 임용후보자 선정경쟁시험의 과학과 문항을 PCK 관점에서 분석하여 개선 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 해당 문항 분석을 위한 분석 기준을 개발한 후 2013학년도 부터 2019학년도까지의 출제된 1차 전형 평가의 과학과 14개 문항을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, PCK 구성 요소 중에서는 '과학 내용에 관한 지식'이 가장 많이 출제되었고, 그 다음으로는 '과학 교수 전략에 관한 지식'도 비교적 많이 출제되었다. '과학 평가에 관한 지식', '학생에 관한 지식', '과학 교육과정에 관한 지식'은 비교적 매우 적게 출제되었다. 또한 특정 평가 영역과 평가 내용 요소들이 포함되지 않은 경우가 있었다. PCK 구성 요소 사이의 통합 수준에서는 PCK 구성 요소 중 2가지 측면의 통합이 2가지 유형으로 가장 많이 나타났으며, 그 다음으로는 통합이 없는 경우도 많았다. 3가지 측면의 통합과 4가지 측면의 통합도 일부 나타났으나, 5가지 측면의 통합은 전혀 나타나지 않았다. '과학 내용에 관한 지식' 및 '과학 교수 전략에 관한 지식'과 다른 측면의 지식이 통합되어 있는 경우가 비교적 많았다. 하지만 '과학 평가에 관한 지식', '학생에 관한 지식', '과학 교육과정에 관한 지식'이 각각 다른 측면의 지식과 통합된 경우는 비교적 적었다. 이에 대한 교육적 함의를 논하였다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1992

In this paper, we first examine the stochastic behavior associated with storage/retrieval process under COL policy, and give analytical results such as the limiting distributions of the number of items in the system and the expected travel distance. We also investigate the phenomenon of natural zoning, that is, the tendency of similar items to group themselves together, when two types of items with different turnover rates are stored and retrieved. Natural zoning refers to this grouping occurring under the seemingly unbiased policy COL. We show that zoning can occur naturally with batch arrivals to the storage system.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2013

Consider the inverse bin-packing number problem. Given a set of items and a prescribed number K of bins, the inverse bin-packing number problem, IBPN for short, is concerned with determining the minimum perturbation to the item-size vector so that all the items can be packed into K bins or less. It is known that this problem is NP-hard (Chung, 2012). In this paper, we investigate some special cases of IBPN that can be solved in polynomial time. We propose an optimal algorithm for solving the IBPN instances with two distinct item sizes and the instances with large items.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.244-260
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• 2024

본 연구에서 개정된 한국인을 위한 식생활 지침을 기반으로 식품 및 영양소 섭취, 식생활 습관, 환경을 고려한 식생활 문화를 평가할 수 있는 항목을 개발하였다. 예비 문항을 확보하기 위하여 국내·외 평가도구 및 최신 문헌을 조사하여 항목을 조사하였고, 전문가 11명 대상 타당도 평가를 통해 70개의 항목을 선정하였다. 선정된 후보 항목 평가를 위해 서울·수도권 지역 중심으로 성인 332명을 대상으로 온·오프라인 조사를 시행하였고, 하루 총 에너지 섭취가 500 kcal 미만 또는 5,000 kcal 이상으로 섭취한 대상자 2명을 제외한 330명의 조사 자료를 활용하여 수렴타당도 분석 및 탐색적 요인분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 최종 선정된 문항은 총 34개로 식품 및 영양소 섭취 영역 11개, 식생활 습관 영역 9개, 식생활 문화 영역 14개로 구성되었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 평가 항목은 2021년 개정된 식생활지침을 기반으로 영역별로 성인의 전반적인 식사의 질과 지속가능한 식생활을 동시에 평가하는 데 용이하다는 점에서 건강한 식생활 개선을 위한 평가 도구로써 활용이 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a health conservation scale with high validity and reliability for institutionalized elderly. Method: The process of development of this scale was as follows. A conceptual framework composed of 4 phases of health conservation of institutionalized elderly was identified based on the literature review with elderlies and discussions with experts in health conservation. A total of 75 items, on a 4-point scale were developed. Through reliability testing and factor analysis, 57 preliminary items were selected. By means of internal consistency of the 57 items, 18 items whose inner-items correlation coefficient was below .40 were deleted. Through factor analysis, 2 items whose factor loading was below .40 were deleted. Finally 37 items remained. To verity the 37 items, factor analysis, reliability testing, and correlation was done. Data were collected from 207 institutionalized elderly subjects in Daegu, Kyungpook, Busan, and KyungNam Province from August. 2003 to February. 2004. Result: In the result of factor analysis of the 37 items, 4 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as ‘personal integrity’, ‘conservation of energy', ‘structural integrity’, and ‘social integrity'. These factors included 4 phases of health conservation. Cronbach's Alpha of 37 the items was .9424 and the correlation coefficient of HPLP was .723. Conclusion: The researchers recommend the following: An explorative study on the variables related to health conservation is needed for criterion validity of this scale. Studies on health conservation of different age groups, and subjects are needed for verification.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2011

Purpose: The study was done to develop a dignified dying scale for Korean adults. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. The participants were 428 adults who lived in one of 3 Korean metropolitan cities: Seoul, Daegu, and Busan. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. Data collection was done from March to June 2010. Results: Thirty items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 5 factors explaining 54.5% of the total variance. The factors were labeled as maintaining emotional comfort (10 items), arranging social relationship (9 items), avoiding suffering (3 items), maintaining autonomous decision making (4 items), and role preservation (4 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with personal meanings of death scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 30 items was .92. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the dignified dying scale has a good validity and reliability when used with Korean adults.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop an instrument measuring awareness of osteoporosis. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of 86 preliminary items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, verification of construct validity and extraction of final items. The 86 items were reviewed for content validity by two groups of experts and were tested to evaluate inter item correlation coefficient by two groups of adult women. From June to August 2007, data were collected from 383 adult women who lived in Seoul and provinces in Korea. Data were analyzed by performing item analysis, Varimax factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: There were 31 items in the final instrument categorized into 5 factors. The factors were labeled as "preventive behaviors (10 items)", "risk factors (5 items)", "characteristics of osteoporosis (6 items)", "improving bone health (5 items)", and "bone physiology (5 items)". Cumulative percent of variance was 60.92% and eigen values ranged from 1.20 to 12.44. Cronbach's alpha was .948 and ranged from .804 to .917. Conclusion: Validity and reliability of the scale are confirmed in this study showing its utility for measuring awareness of osteoporosis for women. Utilization of the scale will also contribute to designing an appropriate prevention program for osteoporosis.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.653-663
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• 2022

Research activities and discussions on specialized areas reflecting the specificity of landscape construction are necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of presenting basic data for efficient field management by deriving items necessary for safety management in landscape construction fields through experts' opinions. A survey was conducted using Delphi analysis to derive "management items" and "safety management items according to landscape type" for landscape construction field safety for a total of 15 landscape construction specialists. The survey results showed that four top items were derived from the "management items" for the safety of landscape construction fields; they include: "safety and health management organization and education," "industrial safety and health management expenses," "payment of personal protection," and "establishment of safety measures." In addition, two to five items for each higher item appeared and resulted in a total of 13 lower items. Personnel, organization, budget, etc. for safety management are always required in the field, and the monitoring part of whether these elements are working was also taken up as a management item. In the "Management items according to each landscape construction" a total of eight landscape type were distinguished, they include: 'Reinforced concrete work', 'Masonry work', 'Plaster's work', 'Waterproof work', 'Stone masonry work', 'Pavement work', 'Facilities work', and 'Planting work'. Furthermore, two to seven sub-items for each construction type were derived, and a total of 35 management items were presented.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.91-107
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• 1992

The Purpose of this study was to present the procedures and methods of ordering theory,and to search for a learning hierarchy among science process skills in each Piagetian cognitive reasoning level. One of the purpose of this is not to determine the clear and exact hierarchy but rather to demonstrate how ordering theoretic methods and procedures can be used to determine the hierarchy of logical relationships among a set of test items or the testing of a hypothesized hierarchy. Ordering theory was used to analyze five science process skills collected from 509 high school students. Ordering Theory has as its primary intent either the testing of hypothesized hierarchies among items at the determination of hierchies among items. Hierarchical relationships were identified within five science process skills. The results will be helpful in giving useful inform at ions to classroom teachers and science curriculum developer.