• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.227-242
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• 2008

This study was conducted to construct database of Korean local foods, and to investigate the total kinds of local foods using a traditional Korean food classification system. A total of 2,137 kinds of local foods were investigated. The results for 10 local provinces are as follows. Seoul had a total of 116 kinds of local foods that were investigated including 13 main dishes, 41 side dishes, 22 kinds of ttdok lyou, 20 kinds of hangwa lyou, and 19 kinds of emuchong lyou. The Gyeonggi local foods totaled 209 kinds: 37 kind main dishes, 130 kind side dishes, 26 kinds of ttdok lyou, 7 kinds of hangwa lyou, and 9 kinds of emuchong lyou. The Gangwon local foods included a total of 198 kinds: 37 main dishes, 111 side dishes, 35 kinds of tteok lyou, 8 kinds of hangwa lyou, and 7 kinds of eumchong lyou. The Chungbuk local foods included a total of 123 kinds: 19 main dishes, 68 side dishes, 17 kinds of tteok lyou, 14 kinds of hangwa lyou, and 5 kinds of eumchong lyou. The Chungnam local foods totaled 185 kinds: 26 main dishes, 124, side dishes, 16 kinds of tteok lyou, 14 kinds of hangwa lyou, and 5 kinds of eumchong lyou. The Gyongbuk local foods investigated included 314 kinds: 52 main dishes, 170 side dishes, 52 kinds of tteok lyou, 21 kinds of hangwa lyoll, and 19 kinds of eumchong lyou. The Gyongnam local foods totaled 342 kinds: 63 main dishes, 234 side dishes, 16 kinds of tteoks lyou, 15 kinds of hangwa lyou and 14 kinds of eumchong lyou. The Jeonbuk local foods totaled 146 kinds: 25 main dishes, 85 side dishes, 18 kinds of tteok lyou, 14 kinds of hangwa lyou, and 4 kinds of eumchong lyou, The Jeonnam local foods totaled 309 kinds: 32 main dish, 207 side dishes,20 kinds of tteok lyou, 27 kinds of hangwa lyou, and 23 kinds of eumchong lyou. Finally, the Jeju local foods totaled 195 kinds: 36 main dishes, 123 side dishes, 19 kinds of tteok lyou, 10 kinds of hangwa lyou and 7 kinds of eumchong lyou.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2024

Background: Results of studies investigating the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been conflicting. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective observational study, conducted between January 2020 and August 2021, evaluated the impact of obesity on outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 in a Korean national cohort. A total of 1,114 patients were enrolled from 22 tertiary referral hospitals or university-affiliated hospitals, of whom 1,099 were included in the analysis, excluding 15 with unavailable height and weight information. The effect(s) of BMI on patients with severe COVID-19 were analyzed. Results: According to the World Health Organization BMI classification, 59 patients were underweight, 541 were normal, 389 were overweight, and 110 were obese. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 15.3%, and there was no significant difference according to BMI. Univariate Cox analysis revealed that BMI was associated with 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.96; p=0.045), but not in the multivariate analysis. Additionally, patients were divided into two groups based on BMI ≥25 kg/m² and underwent propensity score matching analysis, in which the two groups exhibited no significant difference in mortality at 28 days. The median (interquartile range) clinical frailty scale score at discharge was higher in nonobese patients (3 [3 to 5] vs. 4 [3 to 6], p<0.001). The proportion of frail patients at discharge was significantly higher in the nonobese group (28.1% vs. 46.8%, p<0.001). Conclusion: The obesity paradox was not evident in this cohort of patients with severe COVID-19. However, functional outcomes at discharge were better in the obese group.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2012

The importance of biological resources has been gradually increasing, and mollusks have been utilized as main fishery resources in terrestrial ecosystems. But little is known about genomic and transcriptional analysis in mollusks. This is the first report on the transcriptomic profile of Meretrix lusoria. In this study, we constructed cDNA library and determined 542 of distinct EST sequences composed of 284 singletons and 95 contigs. At first, we identified 180 of EST sequences that have significant hits on protein sequences of the exclusive Mollusks database through BLASTX program and 343 of EST sequences that have significant hits on NCBI NR database. We also found that 211 of putative sequences through local BLAST (blastx, E < e-10) search against KOG database were classified into 16 functional categories. Some kinds of immune response related genes encoding allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1), C-type lectin A, thioester-containing protein and 26S proteasome regulatory complex were identified. To determine phylogenetic relationship, we identified partial sequences of four genes (COX1, COX2, 12S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase) that significantly matched with the mitochondrial genomes of 3 species-Ml (Meretrix lusoria), Mp (Meretrix petechialis) and Mm (Meretrix meretrix). As a result, we found that there was a little bit of a difference between sequences of Korean isolates and other known isolates. This study will be useful to develop breeding technology and might also be helpful to establish a classification system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find out the treatment patterns of Children with cerebral palsy, and to analyze the effect of physical function level and treatment intensity on improvement of physical function in children with cerebral palsy for six months. METHODS: Participants were 126 children (boys 83, girls 43) diagnosed cerebral palsy that the mean age was at 33months, ranged from 8 months to 77 months. We collected data related on demography and disable characteristic, treatment pattern using by questionnaire constructed ourselves for six months on caregivers. The treatment pattern includes, type, frequency, and institute of treatment. We performed the evaluation of Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) between pre and post for six months in order to find out improvement of physical function. We analyzed the effect of physical functional level measured by Gross Motor Functional Classification system, age, treatment intensity on physical function using by repeated measures ANOVA for SPSS PC ver. 22.0. RESULTS: The average of treatment frequency for physical therapy was 5.74 times per week, occupational therapy was 3.96 times, speech therapy was 2.96 times, treatment for accompanying disability was 3.12 times. Physical function level and age was significantly factors affecting improvement of physical function, there was no significant difference according to treatment intensity. CONCLUSION: We suggest that physical function and age might be important factors on improvement of physical function and professional rehabilitation team must consider the appropriate treatment type customized to each children.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.93-115
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• 2022

Potential impurities in pharmaceuticals could be produced during manufacture, distribution, and storage and affect quality and safety of pharmaceuticals. In particular, highly reactive impurities could result in carcinogenic (mutagenic) effects on human body. International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) has provided M7(R1) guideline for "Assessment and Control of DNA Reactive (Mutagenic) Impurities in Pharmaceuticals to Limit Potential Carcinogenic Risk" and recommended an adoption of this guideline to the authorities. ICH M7(R1) guideline provides classification, accepted intakes, and controls of potential impurities in pharmaceuticals. However, since appropriate and unified analytical methods for impurities in pharmaceuticals have not been provided in this guideline, most potential impurities in pharmaceuticals are still difficult to manage and supervise by pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities, respectively. In this review, we briefly described definition of unintended mutagenic impurities, basic information in ICH M7(R1) guideline, and analytical methods to determine potential impurities. This review would be helpful to manage and supervise potential impurities in pharmaceuticals by pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2004

Video segmentation is a fundamental task in video indexing and it includes two kinds of shot change detections such as the abrupt transition and the gradual transition. The abrupt shot boundaries are detected by computing the image-based distance between adjacent frames and comparing this distance with a pre-determined threshold value. However, the gradual shot boundaries are difficult to detect with this approach. To overcome this difficulty, we propose the method that detects gradual transition in the MPEG compressed video using the HMM (Hidden Markov Model). We take two different HMMs such as a discrete HMM and a continuous HMM with a Gaussian mixture model. As image features for HMM's observations, we use two distinct features such as the difference of histogram of DC images between two adjacent frames and the difference of each individual macroblock's deviations at the corresponding macroblock's between two adjacent frames, where deviation means an arithmetic difference of each macroblock's DC value from the mean of DC values in the given frame. Furthermore, we obtain the DC sequences of P and B frame by the first order approximation for a fast and effective computation. Experiment results show that we obtain the best detection and classification performance of gradual transitions when a continuous HMM with one Gaussian model is taken and two image features are used together.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in recent agricultural energy and increase the energy self-sufficiency rate of each farmer, it is extremely important to expand the supply of solar energy using unused space of agricultural facilities, roof. This study surveyed and analyzed the environmental and administrative factors such as problems according to the structure, azimuth and latitude of broiler houses and stability of standard broiler houses required to use broiler house roof based on the poultry houses in Sangju-si. The results can be summarized as follows: 55.6% of the solar energy facilities of according to the classification of arable lands of broiler houses were available, and 31.7% of them were available by classifying according to the azimuth. However, 20.6% of them were available in the survey considering all the arable land and azimuth. In the roof inclination of the broiler houses, from 20 to $25^{\circ}$ was the most common, 30 broiler houses. The broiler houses with the roof inclination more than $20^{\circ}$ accounted for 63% of the total. It was considered that the inclination was generally proper. In the structural safety, only 3 broiler houses that were constructed as a standard broiler house were available. In practice, all but one broiler house was inappropriate to expand the solar energy project using roof. The solar thermal facility weighed $63.6kg/m^2$ in total: the frame and solar thermal collector weighed $27.8kg/m^2$ and $35.8kg/m^2$, respectively. The standard broiler house required to be internally reinforced. This study suggested a plan for internal reinforcement and a feasible plan because there were problems with structural safety when installing solar thermal and photovoltaic systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2018

It is reported that about 20 % of all fires in Korea are caused by the electric equipment and installations. In complex and large-scale buildings, the sizes of electric fires are becoming larger as property damage and casualties increase. Among the causes of various electric fires, fire by short circuit accounts for about 71.5% of overall fires, and in the classification by electric equipment and installation, fire caused by wiring and wiring equipment accounts for approximately 38.3% of overall fires. The purpose of this study is to propose methods to prevent electric fires due to short circuit by improving indoor wiring currently in use and to find the fundamental measures to prevent wiring equipment caused fires by improving the socket and plug which are commonly used in wiring equipment. It is expected that the electric fire prevention measures presented through this study can be used as a measure to protect many people and properties by eliminating the root cause of electric fire.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.98-116
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• 2021

With the advent of the era of the 4th industrial revolution, various factors such as economy, management, and culture are changing in modern society, unlike in the past. Among them, the main characteristic of management is the change from intangible goods to tangible goods, and companies are trying to pursue innovation such as introducing a new management method, converting from manufacturing to service, and expanding technology. However, with regard to human resources, which is becoming the most important for sustainable value creation in a changing era, efforts to enable practical innovation are lacking as they are still in a simple transition. Therefore, in this study, after recognizing the importance of human resources, we verified the relationship between the elements of the human resource in the service economy era according to organizational culture and organizational structure. The relationship between organizational culture and organizational structure by type was verified using the items of human resources, we verified the relationship between the elements of the human resource in the service economy era that were derived and verified in recent research. As a result, there were some significant differences in the image of human resources, we verified the relationship between the elements of the human resource by organizational culture and type of organization, but when the two factors were combined and interpreted, it was found that all of the human resources, we verified the relationship between the elements of the human resource in the service economy era were necessary. However, in order to overcome the limitation that the indicators of this study were limited, it is necessary to continue research through samples that consider various factors in the future and systematic classification by type of organization and industry by industry.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.228-242
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• 2016

This research was conducted for understanding the evergreen forest community structure of the Bijin Island. The island was worth of vegetational value because of the representative warm temperate species such as Castanopsis cuspidata was distribute there. According to the results of community classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, the Bijin Island evergreen forest were classified by 9 communities, such as C. cuspidata, C. cuspidata-Pinus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea-Camellia japonica, Platycarya strobilacea, Quercus serrata-Decidus broad-leaved, Alnus firma, P. thunbergii. Due to the C. cuspidata, N. sericea, Ca. japonica etc. were still dominated at canopy and under-canopy layer, so the evergreen forest will be sustain current conditions for a while if there is no artificial disturbances that were caused by human. Pl. strobilacea community will be expected to replace N. sericea and also Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved community will be changing caused by mutual competition. Normally, in the way of the succession process of the warm temperate forest, P. thunbergii will be expect via deciduous broad-leaved to evergreen forest such as Machilus thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, and N. sericea. In case of species diversity index, P. thunbergii comm.(1.2739), Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.2325), Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.1807), and A. firma comm.(1.0854) are relatively high, while C. cuspidata and N. sericea-Ca. japonica that was dominated by evergreen species at canopy layer and P. thunbergii that was damaged by fire are relatively low(0.7380~0.8416). Soil pH was 4.72~6.33, electric conductance was 0.035~0.128dS/m, and content of organic matter was 3.4~17.4%.