• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3846-3852
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• 2010

Low back pain is commonly experienced by both adolescents and adults. The aim of this study is to research the prevalence of the Oswestry disability index(ODI) in their 20s of college students. The data was collected from the ODI questionnaire on functional disability measures for college students(males: 233, females: 407). Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 12.0 program, which was used for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. The results were : Firstly, 'sitting' item was showed 'the highest score' and 'the lowest score' was 'personal care' in ODI items. Secondly, there was statistically significant between female(6.13) and male(4.62) on ODI but not ODI grade(p<0.01). Thirdly, there was a statistically significant relationship between ODI grade and each ODI items(p<0.01). These results have specific meaning as future clinical and epidemiological studies.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2003

We studied 64 ADHD children patients group($4{\sim}15\;ys$, mean age : $8{\pm}2.6\;ys$. M/F:52/12) and 12 normal group($6{\sim}7\;ys$, mean age : $9.4{\pm}3.4\;ys$, M/F:8/4) of the brain has been used to analysis of blood flow between normal and ADHD group. For analysis of Children ADHD, we used 12 children's mean brain images and made Template image of SPM99 program. In increase of blood flow(P-value 0.05), the result of normalized images to Template image to offer from SPM99 program, showed significant cluster in inter-Hemispheric and occipital Lobe, in the case of normalized images to children template image, showed inter-hemispheric and parietal lobe.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.385-390
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• 2017

Owing to the development of IT technology, a computerized system in various ways such as a variety of company's businesses, factory automation system and hospital healthcare system is introduced and operated. And it is possible to say that a computer system is more important than anything else to the extent that all businesses are suspended in case the system is down. Attention should be always paid to environmental management such as temperature, humidity and fire in server room for the normal operation of system in this situation. It is thought that there is necessity for a low-cost system which independently monitors environment round the clock in the situation where the person in charge doesn't pay attention and which informs a person in charge in real time when an event occurs for the operation of this small server room. Consequently, it is to be hoped that the suspension of service provided by computer system, which may occur due to a specific event, can be prevented.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 1994

This survey was carried out to determine five sulfonamide(sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline) residues in beef, pork, chicken and swine kidney. For this survey, 30 samples of beef, 15 samples of chicken, 10 samples of pork and 10 samples of swine kidney were collected in Chonnam from June, 1992 to June, 1993, and were analyzed by HPLC. The recoveries of sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline in spiked samples between $0.25{\sim}1.00$ ppm were 71.7%, 80.3%, 71.6%, 70.9%, 68.4%, respectively. None of 65 samples which were examined exceeded 0.1 ppm. Of 15 chicken muscle samples, 2 samples exceeded 0.05 ppm in sulfamerazine (0.077 ppm) and sulfamethazine (0.075 ppm), respectively. Of 10 swine kidney samples, 1 sample exceeded 0.05 ppm in sulfadimethoxine (0.052 ppm). And sulfanilamide concentration of swine kidney were higher than pork.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1951-1975
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• 2023

Recent advances in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) have elevated them to the status of a critical instrument for overcoming spectrum limits and achieving severe future wireless communication requirements. Collaborative spectrum sensing is presented for efficient channel selection because spectrum sensing is an essential part of CRNs. This study presents an innovative cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) model that is built on the Firefly Algorithm (FA), as well as machine learning artificial neural networks (ANN). This system makes use of user grouping strategies to improve detection performance dramatically while lowering collaboration costs. Cooperative sensing wasn't used until after cognitive radio users had been correctly identified using energy data samples and an ANN model. Cooperative sensing strategies produce a user base that is either secure, requires less effort, or is faultless. The suggested method's purpose is to choose the best transmission channel. Clustering is utilized by the suggested ANN-FA model to reduce spectrum sensing inaccuracy. The transmission channel that has the highest weight is chosen by employing the method that has been provided for computing channel weight. The proposed ANN-FA model computes channel weight based on three sets of input parameters: PU utilization, CR count, and channel capacity. Using an improved evolutionary algorithm, the key principles of the ANN-FA scheme are optimized to boost the overall efficiency of the CRN channel selection technique. This study proposes the Artificial Neural Network with Firefly Algorithm (ANN-FA) for cognitive radio networks to overcome the obstacles. This proposed work focuses primarily on sensing the optimal secondary user channel and reducing the spectrum handoff delay in wireless networks. Several benchmark functions are utilized We analyze the efficacy of this innovative strategy by evaluating its performance. The performance of ANN-FA is 22.72 percent more robust and effective than that of the other metaheuristic algorithm, according to experimental findings. The proposed ANN-FA model is simulated using the NS2 simulator, The results are evaluated in terms of average interference ratio, spectrum opportunity utilization, three metrics are measured: packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, and end-to-average throughput for a variety of different CRs found in the network.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2009

A study was conducted to determine the effects of seed mixture and nitrogen application levels on botanical composition and forage productivity in grazing pasture. Legume forage have the ability to take nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into a form usable by plants. Including legumes in mixtures with grass lowers the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to produce forages. Dry matter (DM) yield of grass-legume mixtures was more than that of grass mono-cultivated and grass+white clover+red clover mixtures was the highest as 17,391 kg/ha in legume mixture (P<0.01). The highest DM yield was in N-200 kg/ha, but it was similar between N-100 kg/ha(15,128) and N-200 kg/ha (16,017). The large decline in the proportion of grass during April to June in 2004 probably was due to the drought and summer depression in grass-legume mixtures. Grass proportions decreased by 8.2% after 2 year, and white clover was dominated in grass-white clover mixture by May 2005. Crud protein (CP) content tends to increase with increased nitrogen application level.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2014

The harmful materials as volatile organic compounds (VOCS) that is easy for gas to be changed from liquid on ambient temperature, those should be controlled by Korea Chemicals Management Association. The VOCs samples should be collected directly in place so that those could be analyzed. Generally but it couldn't avoid to have the risk of analyst. Moreover, if there is the place limited to entrance, it is impossible to collect directly and measure. Owing to such problem, it tried to be solved by open path FT-IR spectrometer that could be studied on the combustion gases within long path and VOCs samples were tried to measure to large volume by remote and real time. Firstly, it was to investigate optimized measured length between the system and benzene sample of VOCs. As result, The optimized measured length was confirmed with 15 meter length and the qualitative analysis could be measured on seven VOC samples. The calibration curve as quantitative analysis of benzene samples could be worked. On the basis of the result, the system as remote monitor could show to have potentiality.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1984

The author carried out an experiment to determine the resistance of trawl net aboard M/S Saebada, training ship of National Fisheries University of Pusan, 2,275 G/T and 3,600ps. Total tension loaded on warp were measured by the recording tension meter. Resistance of the net is estimated by subtracting the resistance of otter boards and warps from the total tension. Coefficient k and exponent n of the formula on the trawl net deduced by Koyama, $R_N=k\frac{d}{l}abv^n$ were calculated from the resistance of the net obtained. The results obtained are can be summarized as follows : 1. Six seamed net with two net pendant k=11, n=1.8 2. Eight seamed net with three net pendant k=11, n=1.8 3. Ten seamed net with three net pendant k=9, n=1.9 4. Ten seamed net with four net pendant k=9, n=1.9

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 2011

Recently, the development of internet technology makes user's personal data used by being saved in USB. But there is a critical issue that personal data can be exposed with malicious purpose because that personal data doesn't need to be certificate to use. This paper proposes USB security framework to prevent a duplicate use of personal data for protecting the data which in USB. The proposed USB security framework performs certification process of user with additional 4bite of user's identification data and usage choice of USB security token before certification data when the framework uses USB security product in different network. It makes communication overhead and service delay increased. As a result of the experiment, packet certification delay time is more increased by average 7.6% in the proposed USB security framework than simple USB driver and USB Token, and procedure rate of certification server on the number of USB is also increased by average 9.8%.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 1995

$Nd_{14}Fe_{80}B_6$ ribbon alloy was manufactured with using melt-spinning method and analyzed the magnetic properties according to the manufacturing conditions. The microstructure and magnetic properties of melt-spun ribbons are sensitively dependent on the quench rate and annealing conditions. As-quenched $Nd_{14}Fe_{80}B_6$ ribbons with optimum magnetic properties are obtained at wheel speed($v_s$) of about 20m/sec and over quenched ribbons show optimum magnetic properties at $v_s$=22m/see when annealed for 30 minutes at $600^{\circ}C$ under vacuum. The crystallization temperature($T_k$) of $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ phase is about $595^{\circ}C$ in the DTA analysis.