• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2009

MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) 시스템에서 EB(Eigen-Beamforming)는 MIMO 채 널의 특이 값 분해(Singular Value Decomposition: SVD)를 통하여 수신기의 유효 신호 대 잡음비(Signal-to-Interference Plus Noise Ratio: SI-NR)를 최대화하는 빔을 형성하는 방법으로써 널리 활용되고 있으나, 인접 셀 간섭 신호의 영향으로 셀 경계에 위치한 단말기의 신호 검출 성능은 급격히 열화되고 전송 효율은 감소하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 EB 전송을 활용하는 경우, 적응적 인접 셀 간섭 완화 방안을 제시하고 그 수신 성능을 평가한다. 특히, EB 전송을 이용하여 기지국예서 전송된 신호를 단말기가 수신할 때, 최대의 유효 신호 대 간섭 잡음비를 얻기 위한 OC(Optimum Combining) 및 MMSE-ISD(Minimum Mean-Squared Error for Intercell Spatial Demultiplexing)를 적응적으로 사용하기 위한 기준을 제시하고 유효 신호 대 간섭 잡음비 및 전송 용량 측면의 수신 성능을 분석한다. 제안하는 적응적 수신 방식은 수신 빔포밍 벡터만을 사용하는 기존의 EB 수신 방식 대비 평균 전송 용량 측면에서 향상된 성능을 보이며, 셀 경계 지역에 단말기가 위치할 경우 최대 2 bps/Hz 성능 개선을 가져온다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.715-725
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• 2010

OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 시스템은 주파수 선택적 페이딩 채널에서 무선 고속 데이터 전송에 적합한 통신 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 기계 제어에 많이 사용되는 Fuzzy 이론을 이용하여 OFDM 시스템에서 문제가 되는 PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio)을 감소시키는 방법을 제안한다. PAPR을 줄이는데 Fuzzy 이론을 사용함으로써 경험적 실험과 반복에 의한 데이터를 사용하기 쉬우며, 하드웨어적인 측면에서 구현이 쉽고, 또한 보다 적은 연산량으로 쉽게 PAPR을 감소시킬 수 있다. 먼저 입력 신호를 부블록으로 나누고, Fuzzy를 이용하여 부블록의 PAPR을 낮추어 전체의 PAPR을 낮추어 전송하여 이를 수신단에서 복원하는 비교적 쉽고 간단한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 방식이 기존의 OFDM 시스템에 비하여 시스템의 연산량이 다소 증가하고 Fuzzy에 관한 정보를 따로 보내야 하는 단점이 있지만, PAPR 감소 측면에서 성능이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 제안하는 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위해 CCDF(Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function)을 통하여 비교한다. 이 알고리즘에 따르면 QPSK와 16QAM 변조를 사용하여 시뮬레이션을 한 결과, Fuzzy 이론을 이용한 방법이 FFT 크기(N)=512, Oversampling=4인 경우 PR이 $10^{-5}$을 기준으로 각각 최대 약 2.3 dB와 3.1 dB의 PAPR 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2008

This paper reports on a realtime OS based master-slave configuration robot control system for laparoscopic surgery robot which enables telesurgery and overcomes shortcomings with conventional laparoscopic surgery. Surgery robot system requires control system that can process large volume information such as medical image data and video signal from endoscope in real-time manner, as well as precisely control the robot with high reliability. To meet the complex requirements, the use of high-level real-time OS (Operating System) in surgery robot controller is a must, which is as common as in many of modem robot controllers that adopt real-time OS as a base system software on which specific functional modules are implemened for more reliable and stable system. The control system consists of joint controllers, host controllers, and user interface units. The robot features a compact slave robot with 5 DOF (Degree-Of-Freedom) expanding the workspace of each tool and increasing the number of tools operating simultaneously. Each master, slave and Gill (Graphical User Interface) host runs a dedicated RTOS (Real-time OS), RTLinux-Pro (FSMLabs Inc., U.S.A.) on which functional modules such as motion control, communication, video signal integration and etc, are implemented, and all the hosts are in a gigabit Ethernet network for inter-host communication. Each master and slave controller set has a dedicated CAN (Controller Area Network) channel for control and monitoring signal communication with the joint controllers. Total 4 pairs of the master/slave manipulators as current are controlled by one host controller. The system showed satisfactory performance in both position control precision and master-slave motion synchronization in both bench test and animal experiment, and is now under further development for better safety and control fidelity for clinically applicable prototype.

• 정보화연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2012

본 연구는 Nonaka(1999)의 지식이전 경로에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 우리나라 이공계 대학 교수의 기업 지식이전 경로(특히, 공식 비공식 경로)에 그들의 인적, 환경적 특성이 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이에 따라 56개 이공계 대학 2만여 명의 교수에 지식이전 경로에 대한 설문이 실시되었으며, 그 응답을 바탕으로 경험적 분석이 이루어 졌다. 분석을 통해 한국대학의 지식이전이 어떤 경로로 이루어지고 있으며, 대학교수의 인적, 연구역량, 환경적 특성 중 어떤 특성과 관련을 맺고 있는지 밝혀냈다. 특히, 비공식 경로에서 공식경로로 전환될 때(암묵지에서 형식지로의 전환) 교수의 어떤 특성이 영향을 주는지 확인하는 것은 중요하다. 왜냐하면 형식지로 전환될 때 많은 지식수요자에 통용되기 위한 표출화가 중요하기 때문이다. 분석결과, 대학교수의 인적 특성에서 남성이고, 경력이 길고, 응용성이 강한 분야를 전공인 경우 혹은 큰 실험실에 근무하는 교수일수록 공식 경로로의 전환에 참여할 가능성이 높았다. 특히, 특허 수로 측정된 응용적 연구역량은 공식적 경로의 참여에 중요한 요소인 반면, 논문 수로 측정된 과학적 연구역량은 유의미하지 않거나 부의 방향으로 유의미한 관계를 보여주었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 정책 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2016

Purpose - This article aims to explore the characteristics of disaster risk distribution information in China. Also, this research attempts to analyze the findings of risk communication using case study in chronological order in terms of social amplification of risk. To achieve the purpose, the paper reviews the trends and issues of risk communication in China, with an emphasis on examining earthquakes by a chronological approach. In these regards, we hope that some relevant findings from this empirical study with cases will be able to enhance national risk communication and provide implications in Korea as well. Research design, data, and methodology - The conceptual framework of this study is theoretically based on the risk amplification model, which describes signals about risk transmitted and processed by individuals and social groups. The social amplification of risk also reflects the interactions of social groups about disaster-related risk issues, which are potential amplifiers or attenuators of communication signals. The key concept of social amplification implies that the risks pertaining to natural disasters interact with social, psychological, institutional, and cultural processes in ways that can affect public perceptions of risk. SMCRE Model is methodologically employed to examine risk communication history of China with the focus on natural disaster. Four earthquakes are selected to figure out the chronological characteristics of risk communication since 1970s. He bei Tang Shan earthquake is selected as an example disaster before 1990's, while the earthquake in Yun Nan Jiang is explored for the case study of 1990's. The earthquake in Si Chuan Wen Chuan is also examined as a example disaster of 2000's. The recent earthquake in Si Chuan Ya An Lu Shan is selected as a case of 2010s. Results - SMCRE model in this case study is operationally defined as a methodology and applied to the four earthquakes occurred in China. SMCRE model describes the exchange of risk information and is also applied to all forms of communication between stake holders. Each factor of risk communication includes source, message, channel, receiver and effect. It is notable that a big progress has been made on disaster risk communication in China for the past 40 years. We also found that highly developed information technology has enabled Chinese society to better cope with natural disaster, leading to enhanced disaster risk communication. It is mainly found from case study that the disaster risk communication of China has been involved with political situation, which derived from the change of government for the past 40 years. Conclusion - From this historical research, it can be inferred that the policies and politics of Chinese leaders have had a more critical role to play in the process of source of risk communication than those of any other countries. The results of this paper also support that the effective risk communication involves not only the improved reliability of local government as a key factor of disaster risk communication, but also is accompanied by international cooperation for substantial collaboration with stake holders.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2014

Purpose - Despite the importance of price, many companies do not implement pricing policies smoothly, because typical price management strategies insufficiently consider logistics efficiency and an increase in logistics costs due to logistics waste. This study attempts to examine the effect of product line pricing, which corresponds to product mix pricing, on logistics efficiency in the case of manufacturer A, and analyzes how logistics performance changes in response to these variables. Research design, data, and methodology - This study, based on the case of manufacturer A, involved research through understanding the current status, analyses, and then proposing improvement measures. Among all the products of manufacturer A, product group B was selected as the research object, and its distribution channel and line pricing were examined. As a result of simulation, for products with low loading efficiency, improvement measures such as changing the number of bags in the box were suggested, and a quantitative analysis was conducted on how these measures influence logistics costs. The TOPS program was used for the Pallet loading efficiency simulation tool in this study. To prevent products from protruding out of the pallet, the maximum measurement was set as 0.0mm, and loading efficiency was based on the pallet area, and not volume. In other words, its size (length x width) was focused upon, following the purpose of this study and, then, the results were obtained. Results - As a result of the loading efficiency simulation, when the number of bags in the box was changed for 36 products with low average loading efficiency of 73.7%, as shown in