Journal of Information Technology and Architecture (정보화연구)

Korea Institute of Enterprise Architecture (한국엔터프라이즈아키텍처학회)
권호 표지

Influencing Factors on the Knowledge-Transfer Channel of the Korean Academics Engaged in Science and Engineering

한국 이공계 대학교수 지식이전 경로의 영향요인

  • Published : 2012.09.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Against Nonaka's seminal work in 1999, this study aims to investigate various influencing factors on knowledge-transfer channels of Korean academics. To do this, we surveyed 20,000 Korean academics in science and engineering with regard to factors involved in their formal and informal collaborative activities with firms. In particular, we focus on the individual characteristics of the academics when the channels are changed from informal channels (e.g. consulting) to formal channels (e.g. licensing), as the codification of knowledge is important when it is spilled over. According to the results, male academics with a longer career and in the field of applied disciplines in a big laboratories are likely to join the transformation of the channels. Interestingly, application capacity as measured by the number of patent application is significantly and positively related to the participation of formal channels. In contrast, scientific capacity as measured by the number of papers is significantly and negatively, or in some case weakly, related to the participation. Finally, based on the findings, some policy implications are put forwarded.

본 연구는 Nonaka(1999)의 지식이전 경로에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 우리나라 이공계 대학 교수의 기업 지식이전 경로(특히, 공식 비공식 경로)에 그들의 인적, 환경적 특성이 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이에 따라 56개 이공계 대학 2만여 명의 교수에 지식이전 경로에 대한 설문이 실시되었으며, 그 응답을 바탕으로 경험적 분석이 이루어 졌다. 분석을 통해 한국대학의 지식이전이 어떤 경로로 이루어지고 있으며, 대학교수의 인적, 연구역량, 환경적 특성 중 어떤 특성과 관련을 맺고 있는지 밝혀냈다. 특히, 비공식 경로에서 공식경로로 전환될 때(암묵지에서 형식지로의 전환) 교수의 어떤 특성이 영향을 주는지 확인하는 것은 중요하다. 왜냐하면 형식지로 전환될 때 많은 지식수요자에 통용되기 위한 표출화가 중요하기 때문이다. 분석결과, 대학교수의 인적 특성에서 남성이고, 경력이 길고, 응용성이 강한 분야를 전공인 경우 혹은 큰 실험실에 근무하는 교수일수록 공식 경로로의 전환에 참여할 가능성이 높았다. 특히, 특허 수로 측정된 응용적 연구역량은 공식적 경로의 참여에 중요한 요소인 반면, 논문 수로 측정된 과학적 연구역량은 유의미하지 않거나 부의 방향으로 유의미한 관계를 보여주었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 정책 시사점을 제시하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김철회, 이상돈, 산학협력성과와 대학의 역량요인의 관계에 대한 연구, 한국기술혁신학회지, 제10권 4호, 629-653, 2007.
  2. 노나카 이쿠지로, 지식창조기업, 40-69, 현대경제연구원역, 지식경영, 21세기북스, 1999.
  3. 변창률, 산학협동 연구성과의 영향요인 분석, 성균관대학교 박사학위 논문, 2004.
  4. Blume, S., The Theoretical Significance of Cooperative Research, in S. Blume et al. (eds.), The Social Direction of the Public Sciences, Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, Vol XI, 1987.
  5. Bercovitz, J. and Feldman, M., Technology transfer and the academic department: who participates and why? In: Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference 2003, Copenhagen, June, 12-14, 2003.
  6. Brodsky, N., Kaufman, H. and Tooker, J., University/ industry cooperation: a preliminary analysis of existing mechanisms and their relationship to the innovation processes. New York, Center for Science and Technology Policy, Graduate School of Public Administration, New York University, 1980.
  7. Calvert, J. and Patel, P., University-industry research collaborations in the UK: bibliometric trends, Science and Public Policy, 30(2), pp. 85-96, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154303781780597
  8. Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R. and Walsh, J. P., "Links and Impacts: The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D," Management Science, 48, pp. 1-23, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.1.1.14273
  9. Coupe, T. "Science is golden: academic R&D and university patents," Journal of Technology Transfer, 28, pp. 31-46, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021626702728
  10. De Campos, A., A review of the literature on university-industry links: towards an integrated approach in the study of influencing factors. Third Conference on Micro Evidence on Innovation in Developing Economies, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasilia, Brazil, UNU-MERIT, United Nations University and University of Maastricht. May 10-12, 2009.
  11. D'Este, P., Nesta, L. and Patel P., Analysis of University-Industry Research Collaborations in the UK: Preliminary Results of a Survey of University Researchers, SPRU Report, 2005.
  12. D'Este, P. and Patel, P., University-industry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interaction with industry?, Research Policy, 36(9), pp. 1295-1313, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.05.002
  13. Dasgupta, P. and David, P., "Toward a New Economics of Science," Research Policy, 23(5), pp. 487-521, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1
  14. Di Gregorio, D. and Shane, S., "Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others?," Research Policy, 32 (2), pp. 209-227, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00097-5
  15. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L., eds., Universities in the Global Economy: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations, London: Cassell Academic, 1997.
  16. Feldman, M., Feller, I., Bercovitz, J. and Burton, R., "Equity and the technology transfer strategies of American research universities," Management Science, 48(1), pp. 105-121, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.1.105.14276
  17. Freeman, C., The Economics of Industrial Innovation, London: Pinter, 1982.
  18. Friedman, J. and Silberman, J., "University technology transfer: do incentives, management, and location matter?," Journal of Technology Transfer, 28, pp.17-30, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021674618658
  19. Geuna, A. and Mowery, D., "Publishing and Patenting in US and European Universities," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 16(2), pp. 67-70, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590600982780
  20. Hall, B. H., Link, A. N. and Scott, J. T., Barriers inhibiting industry from partnering with universities: evidence from the advanced technology program. Journal of Technology Transfer 26, pp. 87-98, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007888312792
  21. Kaufman, A. and Todtling, F., "Science-industry interaction in the process of innovation: the importance of boundary-crossing between systems," Research Policy, 30(5), pp. 791-804, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00118-9
  22. Kenney, M. and Goe, W. R., "The role of social embeddedness in professorial entrepreneurship: a comparison of electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley and Stanford," Research Policy 33, pp. 691-707, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2003.11.001
  23. Lam, A., "Work roles and careers of academic scientists in university-industry knowledge networks: continuities and contradictions," Workshop on 'University-industry knowledge networks, changing scientific careers and innovation' at Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007a.
  24. Lam, A., "Knowledge networks and careers: academic scientists in industry-university links," Journal of Management Studies, 44(6), pp. 993-1016, 2007b. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00696.x
  25. Landry, R., Nabil, A. and Ouimet, M., A resourcebased approach to knowledge-transfer: evidence from Canadian university researchers in natural sciences and engineering. In: Paper Presented at the DRUID Tenth Anniversary Summer Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, June, pp. 27-29, 2005.
  26. Levin, R. C., Klevorick, A. Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S., Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, pp. 783-820, 1987.
  27. Lundvall, B.-A., ed., National Systems of Innovation, London: Pinter, 1992.
  28. Mansfield, E., "Academic research and industrial innovation: An update of empirical findings," Research Policy, 26(7-8), pp. 773-776, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00043-7
  29. Mansfield, E., American research and industrial innovation, Research Policy, 20, pp. 1-12, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(91)90080-A
  30. Mansfield, E. and Lee, J.-Y., "The modern university: contributor to industrial innovation and recipient of industrial R&D support," Research Policy, 25, pp. 1047-1058, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(96)00893-1
  31. Nelson, R. R., "The market economy and the scientific commons," Research Policy, 33(3), pp. 455-471, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2003.09.008
  32. Nelson R. R., Institutions supporting technical advance in industry, Amer. Econom. Rev. Proc., 76, pp. 186-189, 1986.
  33. Nelson, R. R., ed., National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993.
  34. OECD, "Trends in University-Industry Research Partnerships," Special Issue on Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology, STI Review No 23, 1999a.
  35. OECD, Special Issue on Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology, STI Review No. 23, 1999b.
  36. OECD, Benchmarking Industry-Science Relationships, OECD, 2002.
  37. Owen-Smith, J. and Powell, W. W., "To patent or not: faculty decision and institutional success at technology transfer," Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, pp. 99-114, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007892413701
  38. Polanyi, M., "The Republic of Science," Minerva, 1(1), pp. 54-72, 1962. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01101453
  39. Poyago-Theotoky, J., Beath, J. and Siegel, D. S., "Universities and Fundamental Research: Reflections on the Growth of University-Industry Partnerships," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 18(1), pp. 10-21, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/18.1.10
  40. Schartinger, D., Schibany, A. and Gassler, H., "Interactive relations between university and firms: empirical evidence for Austria," Journal of Technology Transfer 26, pp. 255-268, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011110207885
  41. Siegel, D. S., Waldman, D. and Link, A. N., "Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the productivity of university technology transfer offices: an exploratory research," Research Policy 32(1), pp. 27-48, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00196-2
  42. Stankiewicz, R., Academics and Entrepreneurs, London : Francis Pinter Publishers, 1986.