• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.57-77
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study is to develop XML schemata and related STEP model for sharing construction drawings information. To achieve this purpose, the authors have developed a drawing information model based on STEP/AP202, the data searching mechanism based on STEP, and XML schemata for sharing and exchanging information between vector data and non-shape attribute information. Finally, the authors have suggested the way of sharing drawing information through linked STEP data and a XML schema using test cases of construction material information and code checking. The study shows a way of optimized managing and sharing construction information through the drawing information and external data for the whole building life-cycle, from early design stage to the construction stage.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.107-121
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the present US consumer behavioral trends and various cognitive schema types for sharing economy frame and shared service. For this, by applying Q methodology, this paper theoretically defines three differentiated typologies of US consumer in a interpretive perspective. This study is in-depth focused on discovering and categorizing characteristics of a respondent's thinking structure called 'schemata'. According to the entire procedures of Q methodology, this paper analyzed Q-sorted data from twenty-four people in the basis of forty Q-samples (statements). Consequently, we discovered four consumer groups named as Type 1 'Socialsumer', Type 2 'Smarsumer', Type 3 'Researsumer'.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-100
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• 2009

The current study reported on the continuing relevance of the schema theory for reading as it relates to the field of teaching and SLA, whilst highlighting the inherent limitations affecting individual learners. A relevant study was conducted for this article focusing on the extent to which university teacher trainees of English Education are exposed to second language readings with an adherence towards utilizing prior knowledge and drawing upon schemata to support their comprehension. Results from quantitative and qualitative data measured and collected from two groups of university students respectively, indicated certain advantages to this strategy use in respect of increased understanding, familiarity, and comfort level in SL reading. However, those same results identified existing limitations associated with cultural bias, stereotyping and a tendency to focus on wrong information when activating said schemata. As such, the purpose of this study is to promote awareness of the schema theory as an effective strategy option whilst reinforcing a need to pay heed to the concerns associated with strict reliance upon such theory to aid reading skills. Further discussion of these issues and pedagogical implications has been provided along with both suggested considerations regarding teaching for EFL teachers and evaluators.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is exploring value of Shanghanlun six diagnostic system as Narrative Medicine by analyzing cases. Methods : In the article, we examined the theory of narrative medicine and current studies. And then key elements of narrative medicine was defined. On the basis of these, two medical cases were analyzed by reordering in accordance with time sequences and causality for confirming narrative factors. Results : The narrative approach to analyzing cases shows us that different diseases could be the result of same pathological patterns based on Shanghanlun. This tells us following four aspects. [1] Shanghanlun is the causes-oriented records and the text includes narrative factors. [2] Shanghanlun six diagnostic system is a process of constructing plot of medical case history through the clinical interpretation of contextual meaning of patient's life. [3] In the process of diagnosis, Schemata and script are engaged in assuming and confirming six patterns diseases. [4] The subjective factors of an individual can be applied universally through the provision of Shanghanlun. Conclusions : Narrative factors of Shanghanlun six diagnostic system suggest the possibility and value of Shanghan Medicine as Narrative Medicine in terms of Medical Humanities, essence of medical diagnosis and therapeutic action.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2008

This study analysed the schemata which are requisite to understand and prove examples of mathematical induction, and examined students' construction of the schemata. We verified that the construction of implication-valued function schema and modus ponens schema needs function schema and proposition-valued function schema, and needs synthetic coordination for successive mathematical induction schema. Given this background, we establish $1{\sim}4$ levels for students' understanding of the mathematical induction. Further, we analysed cognitive difficulties of students who studying mathematical induction in connection with these understanding levels.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2000

McCarthy(1960) 이후 오랫동안 4P 스키마타에 대한 논의가 없다시피하다가 Waterschoot and Van den Bulte(1992)가 특히 촉진믹스에 문제가 많음을 지적함으로써 마케팅믹스 분류체계에 대한 논의가 다시 시작되었다. 하지만 이들 논의 내용 또한 '4P 스키마타'를 재해석하는 정도이지 이를 넘어서지는 못하고 있다. 필자들은 4P 스키마타의 한계점을 Hunt(1983, 1991)의 스키마타 평가기준에 따라 크게 네 가지로 지적한다. 먼저 분류대상의 속성이나 특징이 명확하지 않고, 다음으로 실무의 흐름을 제대로 반영하지 못하여 유용성에 문제가 있으며, 세 번째로 분류된 범주간에 배타성과 포괄성이 부족하다. 끝으로 4P 간에 순서나 위계가 없어 문제의 진단이나 투자의 효율성을 논의하기가 어렵다. 이런 점들을 고려하여 연구자들은 4P를 원점활동과 접점활동으로 나누고 Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry(1985; 1988 a,b; 1994)의 갭 모델을 원용하여 마케팅믹스의 새로운 분류체계인 '갭 스키마타'를 제안한다. 접 스키마타는 고객 갭과 마케터 갭 1, 2, 3, 4로 구성된다. 고객 갭이란 고객의 기대와 지각간의 차이 즉, 고객만족을 뜻하고 갭 1이란 마케팅조사를, 갭 2, 3은 원점활동을, 갭 4는 접점활동을 지칭하다. 원점활동인 갭 2란 상품기획, 브랜딩, 가격책정으로 구성되며; 갭 3은 광고 및 판촉으로 구성되고; 집 4는 유통 및 물류, 인적판매내지는 영업, 고객서비스로 구성된다.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.160-181
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• 1996

This study measures the subjectivity(opinions, attitudes) of college women. Identifying the schemata (structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the sexual educational program and alternative strategies of sexual harassment. More concretely, those following research questions are focused. 1) The subjective schemata : find out typologies based on the opinions and attitudes toward the sexual harassment. 2) Applications : describe the characteristics of each type. 3) Alternatives : provide suggestion of the alternative strategies for solving the sexual harassment problems of women. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through indepth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 48 college women as subjects for the research. The 48 college women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were four categories of special opinion about the sexual harassment in college women. The first type is called Blaming offenders type. This type is to hold offenders accountable. The second type is called Preventive alternative strategies type. This type is to take preventive measures. The third type is called Blaming social structure type. This type is to hold the society as a whole responsible. The fourth type is called Blaming victims type. This type is to hold victims accountable. As a result, We not need to change our perspective of women's health problems and need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering women's problems. Followings are to be suggested of the alternative strategies for solving the sexual harassment problems. Finally, The result of the study will provide us the clue for developing the sexual educational program and alternative strategies for women's sexual harassment problems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.992-1002
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• 1998

This study measures the subjectivity(opinions·attitudes)of college women. Identifying the schemata(structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the women's health education and the promotion to alternative strategies of women's health nursing. More concretely, these following research questions are focused. 1) The subjective schemata : find out typologies based on the opinions and attitudes toward the health lifestyle. 2) Applications : describe the characteristics of each type. 3) Alternatives : provide suggestion of the promotion to alternative strategies for women's health nursing. Q- Methodological method was used for that purpose. As for the research method, Q-statements were preliminary collected in the study from through in-depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 36 Q-statements were selected. 33 college women were used as subjects for research. The 33 college women sorted the 36 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were three categories of special opinions about the health lifestyle in college women. The first type is called Initiatived Health Management Type. The second type is called Social Activity Centered Type. The third type is called Positive Outlook Type. Through the result of this study, the health lifestyle could be identified by 3 types, therefore the nurses needed to understand each women's meaning to health lifestyle so they could develop the appropriate nursing intervention based the typology of the health lifestyle this study explored. Finally, The result of the study will provide clues for developing a nursing interventional program and alternative strategies for the health promotion lifestyle in college women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.103-122
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• 1998

This study measures the subjectivity(opinions attitudes) of college women. Identifying the schemata (structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the sexual educational program and alternative strategies of induced abortion. More concretely, those following research questions are focused. 1) The subjective schemata : find out typologies based on the opinions and attitudes toward the induced abortion. 2) Applications : describe the characteristics of each type. 3) Alternatives : provide suggestion of the alternative strategies for solving the induced abortion problems of women. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through in-depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 48 college women as subjects for the research. The 48 college women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were four categories of special opinion about the induced abortion in college women. The first type is called Practical type. The second type is called Responsible type. The third type is called Ambivalent type. As a result, We now need to change our perspective of women's health problems and need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering women's problems. Followings are to be suggested of the alternative strategies for solving the induced abortion problems. Finally, The result of the study will provide us the clue for developing the sexual educational program and alternative strategies for women's induced abortion problems.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.711-720
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand mechanisms of scientific discovery and how this can help students, as young scientists, to understand scientific ideas in the science classroom. To unravel this mechanism, this study employed the notion of chaos. This phenomena was rediscovered by Edward Lorenz. In this paper, the general concept of chaos was briefly discussed in relation with previous scientific theories such as Newtonian physics and quantum mechanics. Following this, discovery constraints in terms of available technology at the time was described. In addition, Lorenz's psychological processes during the discovery was also discussed. Based on analysis, major implications for the field of science education were the provision of relevant schemata, the use of cognitive tools, the presentation of problems with various representational forms, and the sharing of ideas with others.