• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effects such as the inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugation reaction, inhibition of $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation and the scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, as well as antimutagenic capacities as Ames test in ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus. Agaricus bisporus ethanol extracts inhibited $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation and scavenged DPPH radical. The $IC_{50}$ of Agaricus bisporus ethanol extracts were 78.63 mg/assay for inhibition of MDA with BSA conjugation reaction, 4.06 mg/ assay for inhibition of $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation and 1.08 mg/assay for scavenging effect on DPPH radical. So, among the methods used in this study, the most effective antioxidative capacity in ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus was the scavenging effect on DPPH radical. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus were examined by Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effects on direct mutagenicity mediated by sodium azide in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 and 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 were 100%. The inhibition rates on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine were 86.09% in the Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and 81.93% in the Salmonella Typhimurium TA100. The ethanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus showed considerable antioxidative activity and strong antimutagenic capacity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effects of Rhizoma drynariae aqueous extract(RDA) on cell cytotoxicity, Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl ghdrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging capability. Methods : Cell cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The production of NO was measured by Griess assay. The production of $PGE_2$ was measured by immunoassay. And, the anti-oxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. Results : Cell cytotoxicity in 50, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$ RDA did not increase significantly compared to the RDA untreated group. RDA($200{\mu}g/ml$ and $400{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RDA had high DPPH free radical scavenging capability. Conclusions : This study indicates that RDA inhibits NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and improve DPPH free radical scavenging capability. RDA may have an anti-inflammation effect and an anti-oxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.856-860
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administration methods for on Garcinia cambogia on blood Garcinia cambogia concentration and antioxidative levels. Rats were divided into three groups: G1 (normal group), G2 (one administration of Garcinia cambogia extract 2,800 mg/kg b.w.), G3 (three separate administrations every 6 h of Garcinia cambogia extract 750, 850, and 1,200 mg/kg b.w. for 18 h). Blood samples were collected every hour, and animals sacrificed 18 h after the oral administration of Garcinia cambogia extract. We examined changes in the serum concentration of Garcinia cambogia by HPLC analysis. Two hours following an oral administration of Garcinia cambogia extract (2,800 mg/kg b.w.), serum Garcinia cambogia levels reached their maximum, but gradually decreased until 10 hours when it was no longer detectable. In contrast, serum Garcinia cambogia levels under G3 administration were maintained above a certain level after 18 h. To determine whether this level of Garcinia cambogia could affect blood oxidative levels, we measured serum lipid peroxidation by TBARS levels. TBARS levels from G3 treatment were significantly lower than G1 and G2. To analyze other antioxidative activities, radical scavenging activities were measured by the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. There were no significant differences between the groups in DPPH radical scavenging activity. However, ABTS radical scavenging activity significantly increased with G3 treatment compared with G1 and G2. In conclusion, our data show that three times administration of Garcinia cambogia every 6 h may helpful for maintaining serum Garcinia cambogia levels and antioxidative effects.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.386-392
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• 2016

Background: Sorghum is a major cereal food crop used in many parts of the world. It has been grown on a subsistence level by farmers, under various conditions of environmental stresses in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. This plant has received significant attention because of its ability to reduce cholesterol in the blood, and its anti-dementia, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is possible to develop a functional and commercially viable sorghum variety by using superior cultivars of sorghum. The objective of this study was to build a database of superior sorghum accession. Methods and Results: We used 250 sorghum accessions collected from different geographical bioregions in Korea. We determined various agronomic characters including germination rate and ear length of these accessions. To determine the antioxidant capacity, we measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. Accession 189 showed higher germination (> 80%) than the other accessions. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was observed in 11-SB-078 ($RC_{50}$; $1.89{\pm}2.88{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and higher 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity was recorded in 11-SB-116 ($RC_{50}$; $35.48{\pm}2.42{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) than in the other accessions. The ear length ranged from 15 cm to 48 cm, the total phenolic contents ranged from $3mg{\cdot}GAE/g$ to $77mg{\cdot}GAE/g$, and total flavonoid contents ranged from $0.09mg{\cdot}QE/g$ to $1.07mg{\cdot}QE/g$. Conclusions: Among 250 sorghum accessions, we selected 10 with both superior agronomic characters and highly functional food quality.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2011

The contents of bioactive and antioxidative activities (DPPH (${\alpha},{\alpha}'$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl), free radical scavenging activity, peroxidation of linoleic acid and rat hepatocyte microsome, and Fe/Cu reducing power, tyrosinase inhibition activity) were tested by in vitro experimental models using water, hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts of leaves (ASL), roots (ASR), stems (ASS) and fruits (ASF) from Acanthopanax senticosus. Hot water extract from ASL showed the highest extraction yield (16.04%) as well as highest contents of phenolic compounds (2.67%) and flavonoids (1.43%). Major minerals were K, Ca and Mg. In oxidation in vitro models using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Fe/Cu reducing power, $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate-induced linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods, tyrosinase inhibition activity and autooxidation of rat hepatic microsomes membrane, and antioxidative activities were strong in Acanthopanax senticosus. From these results, ASL extracts were shown to have the most potent antioxidative properties and contain the highest amounts of antioxidative compounds such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of bio-active materials derived from leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.913-918
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• 2013

The applicability of the ultrasonic wave method to the extraction of useful components from seaweeds was investigated. Extracts from freeze-dried Ecklonia cava powder were prepared with hot water ($65^{\circ}C$), water ($24^{\circ}C$), 50% ethanol, and 100% ethanol, and ultrasonic extraction was also performed. The content of phenolic compounds and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts were analyzed, and differences in the data obtained by the ultrasonic extraction and the traditional extraction methods were compared. The phenolic content in the E. cava extract by ultrasonic extraction (142.80 mg/g) was approximately 14 times higher than the phenolic content in the hot water extract (10.03 mg/g). The DPPH radical scavenging and the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the ultrasonic extract were approximately 4 times and 14 times higher than the hot water extracts, respectively. The correlation between the phenolic content and the DPPH radical scavenging activity ($R^2$=99.47) and between the phenolic content and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity ($R^2$=99.99) was very high. These results indicate that ultrasonic extraction is more suitable than traditional extraction for the extraction of useful components from E. cava.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.458-465
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• 2016

Purpose: Bokbunja (Rub coreanus Miquel), mulberry and blueberry have been reported to have powerful anti-antioxidant and anti-aging activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of gravy sauce added with Bokbunja, mulberry and blueberry. Methods: Quality characteristics pH, brix, color and sensory characteristics of samples were evaluated. Antioxidant activities of samples were compared using total phenol, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Results: Mulberry juice showed significantly (p<0.05) higher values of pH and $^{\circ}Bx$ compared to Bokbunja and blueberry juice. Bokbunja juice also had significantly (p<0.05) higher value of Color-L value than mulberry and blueberry juice. The total phenol contents and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of Bokbunja juice were 236.50 mgGAE/100 g and 61.66%, respectively, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of blueberry and mulberry juice. pH value of gravy sauce added with mulberry (MBS) was 4.67, which was significantly higher than that of the control gravy sauce (GS) and gravy sauce added with Bokbunja (BJS) which had the lowest (p<0.05) pH value 4.33. $^{\circ}Bx$ of GS (13.50) was not significantly different from that of MBS and BBS. However, BJS showed the lowest (p<0.05) value $12.33^{\circ}Bx$. Total phenol contents and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of BJS were 78.09 mgGAE/100 g and 14.47%, respectively, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of MBS or BBS. Values of sensory characteristics color, sour aroma and sour flavor of BJS were significantly (p<0.05) higher value than those of other samples. Conclusion: Bokbunja juice and gravy sauce showed higher antioxidant activities and higher acceptance test compared to blueberry and mulberry. Thus, Bokbunja has the potential to be added to as high value products in the food industry.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2014

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effects of Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in macrophages. Methods : Acanthopanacis Cortex(200 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water(2 L) for 4hrs. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 ml using a rotary evaporator and was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, then was freeze-dried. The RAW 264.7 macrophages were subcultured. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. Experimental groups were divided into five(control, AC 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and we measured cytotoxicity. The concentrations of NO were preprocessed by Griess assay. The RAW 264.7 macrophages was pretreated by 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ LPS and experimental groups were divided into five and we measured NO production. The concentrations of $PGE_2$ were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The RAW 264.7 macrophages was pretreated by 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ LPS. Experimental groups were divided into five and we measured $PGE_2$ production. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. experimental groups were divided into four(AC 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and we measured DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results : 1. Viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages did not significantly decrease in 25, 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 2. NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly inhibited in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 3. $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly inhibited in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 4. DPPH radical scavenging capability of Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages had the high level in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion : According to the results, Acanthopanacis Cortexx hot aqueous extract has ability to suppress NO, $PGE_2$ production and improve DPPH free radical scavenging activity. So Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.654-659
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• 2016

This study was designed to compare the quality characteristics of spray-dried (SD) and freeze-dried (FD) Pueraria thunbergiana extracts powder hot water extracts. Quality characteristics of the SD and FD powder including moisture content, color value, water absorption index, water solubility index, dynamic angle and antioxidant activities were evaluated. The moisture content of SD powder (1.50%) was lower than that of FD powder (2.92%). $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of SD powder was lower than of FD powder. The water absorption index was higher in FD powder (1.40) and water solubility index in SD powder (94.10%) was higher than that FD powder (90.69%). Dynamic angle of SD powder ($36.46^{\circ}$) was higher than that of FD powder ($33.30^{\circ}$). The DPPH radical scavenging activities of 5 mg/mL solution of SD powder and FD powder were 85.38 mg/mL, 59.38 mg/mL, respectively. And, the same trend was observed for the ABTS radical scavenging activities of the drying powder as that observed for their DPPH radical scavenging activities. There were relatively higher contents of phenolic compounds in SD powders than in FD powders. In conclusion, spray-dried Pueraria thunbergiana extracts showed the high WSI, polyphenol, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and low moisture content and dynamic angle than freeze dried powder.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to compare antioxidant activity of ratio-related Angelicae Radix and Astragali Radix compositions by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Methods : The species of Angelicae Radix was compared as Angelica gigas, A. sinensis and A. acutiloba. Then various compositions of Angelicae Radix with Astragali Radix were prepared with different ratio. Diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was measured after 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Each extracts were tested by 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. Results : The results showed that Angelica gigas, A. sinensis and A. acutiloba scavenged DPPH radical with 66.8, 61.7 and 56.7% in 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, respectively. According to this result, Angelicae Radix and Astragali Hadix compositions with 100:0, 10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:10 and 0:100 ratio were scavenged DPPH radical with 56.3, 49.9, 61.2, 55.7, 54.7, 55.0, 52.8 ,md 50.2% in 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, respectively. The extract of Angelicae Radix and Astragali Radix compositions with 100:0, 10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:10 and 0:100 ratio scavenged DPPH radical with the $IC_{50}$ being 85,21, 1016.26, 656.51, 785.67 and 956.74 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Conclusion : In conclusion, the extract of Angelicae Radix and Astragali Radix compositions with 1:1 ratio showed dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity.