• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.268-278
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjectivity of undergraduate students about happiness. Methods: Q methodology, which scientifically measures individual subjectivity, was used. Thirty-four Q-statements selected from 40 participants were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a nine-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using a PQMethod PC program. Results: Type I: Self-directed, growth-seeking type. This group of people searches for their objectives and direction in life while consistently making efforts to realize their goals. Type II: Oriental and wealth-seeking type. This group of people sympathizes with the oriental worldview and believes in having luck such as wealth or health. Type III: Realistic and pleasure-seeking type. This group of people tries to think positively but while rooted in reality, searches for pleasure and satisfaction in their surroundings. Type IV: Altruistic and relationship-seeking type. This group of people stresses the importance of religious life, small happiness in life, and relationship with friends or neighbors. Conclusion: The results of this study provide the foundation for understanding college students' perception about their happiness. Furthermore, these results suggest the necessity of specific and integrated education to improve happiness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.145-160
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to explore family perception of adolescence through the Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD), and to explore its relation with the family system. The Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) and Family System Diagnosis Scale (FSDS) were administered to 356 adolescent children. Data were analyzed using the regression analysis and the discriminant analysis. The results were as follows: First, there was a significant difference among the KFD family adaptability variables of boys' KFD and the flexibility and rigidity variables of the FSDS in the family relationship. For example, That is; for sons', it means that if there is a greater the satisfaction for their family in their drawings, then the family relationship will be more flexible. Especially with the son's KFD, there was an indication that if there is a greater the activity level of the self, then he has more flexibility in his family relationship. Second, there is a significant difference in the relationship between the KFD family hierarchy variables of girls' KFD and the parent coalition·cross-generational triads variable of the FSDS. For girls 'KFD, the result of this study indicated that when there is a greater the distance between the father figure and the child figure, the cross-generational triads we greater.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.508-517
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to investigate marital satisfaction according to demographic characteristic, division of household labor, and awareness of gender discrimination, and to explore influences of demographic and other variables on marital satisfaction. Social statistics survey data which collected in 1998 by ministry of statistics were used for secondary analysis of this study. Marital satisfaction was measured by questionnaire which was consisted in 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Independent variables are age, education, employment status, having their own house or not, No. of children under school age, parents living or not, perception of sexual discrimination, and division of household labor. The findings of this study show that there are significant differences of marital satisfaction by all independents variables, and all independent variables except employment have significant influences on marital satisfaction. People who are younger, received higher education, have their own house, have more children under schoolage and whose parent are living in the world, show higher marital satisfaction. The more husbands participate to household labor, the better marital satisfaction. In case of perception of sexual discrimination, main effect is not significant, but interaction effect with age is significant. Interaction effect between age and education is also significant. 32.52% of the variance in marital satisfaction were accounted for by these variables.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.229-239
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• 2020

This paper examines the impact of gender on access to debt finance among Vietnamese enterprises. The paper investigates data and variables retrieved from the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset using five Probit models. The regression results suggest that there exist more unfavourable debt financing conditions for women-led firms (WLF), measured as a lower probability of having loan applications fully approved. Firm's age, working sector, and perception of access to finance as a difficulty are found to have explanatory power on the discrimination. More importantly, the perception of debt finance as a difficulty or firms' level of confidence significantly explains the variance of the dependent variable of probability of loan approval, or gender effect would be more pronounced if the firm already has a low level of confidence. The paper also contributes in testing for the gender effect on Vietnamese enterprises from different sectors and scale, unlike other prior research papers focusing on specific sectors and/or small and medium enterprises only. The findings are highly useful for Vietnamese credit institutions to set out a specific business policy to attract more WLFs and help promoting gender equality in the working environment, especially in debt financing, which is often neglected in existing regulation and policy frameworks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.216-217
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• 2019

As the shipping market deteriorates, shipping companies seek to realize economies of scale by promoting the enlargement of container ships. Container terminal operators are increasingly adopting automated equipment and systems in order to quickly provide services and attract traffic. As such, the competition for each terminal to become a hub port is intensifying. Increased automation of advanced container terminals improves productivity and efficiency In the meantime, Korea remains semi-automated. Therefore, the relevant subject survey through SPSS 23.0 program for analysis of recognition difference, We will check the awareness among stakeholders for the smooth introduction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the methods applied to educational facilities of Steven Holl's architecture, especially focusing on sensible elements in the public space. Steven Holl has realized distinct space by applying very specific and limited concept. such as perspective space, color, light and shadow, time duration and perception, haptic realm, and proportion & scale. Education facilities designed by Steven Holl, are influenced the sensible aspects of space, form, materials, patterns, and other various sensible elements. Beyond the limits of color and sculptural vocabulary, Steven Holl utilizes a variety of ways which shown in educational facilities design and is identified by the emotional phenomenology of perceptual experience. Various elements in the public space are reinforced through light and materials to make experiential space in the educational facilities. This study used a composition of space that combines various sensible elements, meanings, and senses to examine how Steven Holl's architecture can mediate and reproduce user' emotional experiences and discover the existential relationship between space and user in public space of educational facilities.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2011

Previous laboratory studies have shown that prosodic structures are encoded in the modulations of phonetic patterns of speech including suprasegmental as well as segmental features. Drawing on a prosodically annotated large-scale speech data from the Buckeye corpus of conversational speech of American English, the current study first evaluated the reliability of prosody annotation by a large number of ordinary listeners and later examined whether and how prosodic prominence influences the phonetic realization of multiple acoustic parameters in everyday conversational speech. The results showed that all the measures of acoustic parameters including pitch, loudness, duration, and spectral balance are increased when heard as prominent. These findings suggest that prosodic prominence enhances the phonetic characteristics of the acoustic parameters. The results also showed that the degree of phonetic enhancement vary depending on the types of the acoustic parameters. With respect to the formant structure, the findings from the present study more consistently support Sonority Expansion Hypothesis than Hyperarticulation Hypothesis, showing that the lexically stressed vowels are hyperarticulated only when hyperarticulation does not interfere with sonority expansion. Taken all into account, the present study showed that prosodic prominence modulates the phonetic realization of the acoustic parameters to the direction of the phonetic strengthening in everyday conversational speech and ordinary listeners are attentive to such phonetic variation associated with prosody in speech perception. However, the present study also showed that in everyday conversational speech there is no single dominant acoustic measure signaling prosodic prominence and listeners must attend to such small acoustic variation or integrate acoustic information from multiple acoustic parameters in prosody perception.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.146-159
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of the indicators and items on teacher evaluations for professional development and to provide insight for their improvement. To accomplish this, the perception of the importance and performance frequency of 318 nutrition teachers regarding their roles inherent in the indicators and items were evaluated through a survey questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test. In addition, the reflective analysis and constant comparison method were employed to analyze the responses to the open-ended questions asking problems in the indicators and items. The results revealed that the mean scores for the importance and performance frequency of most indicators and items were over four points, which implies that most indicators and items are appropriate for evaluating the job tasks of nutrition teachers. However, it was suggested that a few items be revised or removed for their improvement and appropriateness. This study concluded that nutrition teachers should have more chances to provide nutrition education for students to enable them to perform as teachers and not simply dietitians.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Recently, Rural village of japan are enlarging and enriching the service of health, medical and welfare facilities for the elderly. Concentrated arrangement of the three types of facilities is one of the effective ways especially for the small-scale local governments. This paper focus on a questionnaire survey of employees who work in the facilities to evaluate service network. Using this survey data, it is used to make a plan of intensive arrangement. As a result, their satisfaction with concentrated arrangement was considerable high. In particular, they expressed satisfaction with service network between Medical and Welfare. Due to increasing outpatients, the concentrated arrangement has contributed to hospital funds and given emotional security to the aged in welfare facilities. In order to promote service network effect, there are many opinions that management of health facilities(local governments) is needed.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.506-514
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• 2006

Sikhe a general Korean traditional drink, is a sweet drink fermented with malt powder rice(or glutinous rice). To investigate the perception and use behavior of Sikhe, 35.2% of the male and 64.8% of the female adults in Daegu and Kyungbuk area were surveyed. The methods frequency, percentage, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The main results were as follows : 36.1% of the participants usually preferred the traditional drinks and 94.7% of them had experienced Sikhe among the traditional drinks. Most respondents liked Sikhe owing to its good taste. In addition, the responses to 7 questions about the Sikhe were also measured on a 5-point likert scale. The statement 'Sikhe is a traditional food' and 'Sikhe is a natural food' received high positive responses and adults in their 50's had a generally better knowledge of Sikhe than the counterparts. furthermore, 54.8% sometimes purchased commercial Sikhe, but 40.7% didn't buy it at all due to bad taste. Therefore, to increase the intake of commercial Sikhe, the taste needs to be improved, and 59.8% of adults suggested that 'Add other ingredients and the taste can be improved', while 58.8% replied 'maintenance' prospects for Sikhe consumption.