• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2023

Purpose : Energy bars are increasingly popular among active individuals, yet their timing and nutrient combinations' impact on exercise adaptation remains unclear. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by investigating whether the combination of pre- and post-workout supplementation can synergistically enhance fitness and alleviate fatigue in trained CrossFit participants. Investigate if combining pre- and post-workout supplements can enhance fitness and blood lactate management in trained CrossFit participants, potentially improving exercise performance for this group. Methods : In a randomized crossover study, 20 trained CrossFit individuals (11 males, 9 females) completed thrice-weekly 60-minute CrossFit sessions for 3 weeks, with a one-week washout period. Participants were randomly assigned to either a chocolate bar group (CH, 45 g, 225 kcal) or an energy bar group (ES, 48 g, 238 kcal, with protein, caffeine, taurine, and BCAAs). For one week, participants consumed two bars of their assigned supplement five minutes before and after workouts. After a washout period, they switched supplements. Blood lactate levels and a visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 minutes post-workout. Fitness tests (hand grip, broad jump, sit-ups) were conducted at baseline and 30 minutes post-final workout. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA (p<.05), 95 % confidence intervals, and magnitude inferences. Results : Hand grip strength (t=-5.60, p=.000), broad jump (t=-3.43, p=.003) and sit up (t=-3.94, p=.001) were significantly increased in the ES group. Compared to CH group, there was a significant time and group interactions for blood lactate level (F=5.51, p=.008) and VAS(F=31.67, p=.000) in the ES group. Conclusion : Pre- and post-workout energy bar supplementation may have a beneficial effect on blood lactate clearance and fitness in trained CrossFit individual. The combination of proprietary supplements taken may provide benefits for removing the blood lactate during high-intensity functional exercise.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

우리나라의 목조문화재는 구조적 특성상 화재에 매우 취약하고, 최근 들어 산불 및 방화 등의 이유로 많은 문화재들이 화재로 손실되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구 개발은 소량의 소화용수 사용이 가능한 중저압용 미분무 노즐과 그 패키지 소화 시스템을 개발하여 물로 인한 최소한의 피해와 최대의 소화효과와 더불어 최고의 화재안전 시스템을 개발하였다. 목조문화재 건축물의 특성을 고려하여 건축물의 내부와 외부에서 각각 적용 가능한 두 가지 형태의 중저압 미분무 노즐을 개발하였다. 외부용 노즐은 13~14bar의 압력에 서 30~35l/min의 유량을 갖고 있으며, 내부용 노즐은 14~15bar의 압력에서 25~30l/min 유량을 갖는 노즐을 설계 개발하였다. 개발된 노즐의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 궁궐 모양의 대표적인 목조문화재 실무크기인 가로 4.9m, 세로 4m, 높이 6.6m의 모형을 목재로 제작하였고 화재 시나리오를 만들어 실증화재 소화 실험을 실시하였다. 실증화재 실험결과 $200{\mu}m$의 물방울 입자 크기를 갖는 중저압 노즐이 한 적응성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 완전소화에는 실패하더라도 소방대가 출동할 때까지 연소확대가 되지 않도록 화재를 억제해 줄 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

이 연구에서는 실제 단면크기를 갖는 철근 콘크리트 기둥의 내진보강을 위한 단면확대 공법에서 효율적인 띠철근 배근 방법을 평가하였다. 비내진 상세를 갖는 기존 기둥의 단면크기는 $450{\times}450mm$이며, 단면확대 보강기둥의 단면크기는 $750{\times}750mm$이다. 확대 단면에서의 폐쇄형 외부 띠철근 배근을 위해 ㄷ-형 띠철근의 겹칩이음 및 철근 선조립 공법을 제시하였으며, 보조 띠철근으로서 크로스타이 앵커링 시공 및 V-타이를 고려하였다. 실험 결과, 무보강 기둥 및 ㄷ-형 외부 띠철근을 적용한 보강기둥의 압축내력은 ACI 318-14의 공칭내력과 비슷한 수준인 반면 철근 선조립 공법을 적용한 기둥의 압축내력은 ACI 318-14의 공칭내력 대비 1.25배 높았다. 특히 철근 선조립 공법을 적용한 보강 기둥의 압축 연성비는 크기효과에 의한 연성비 저하 가능성에도 불구하고 기존 기둥에 비해 139% 증가하였다. 즉, 제시된 철근 선조립 공법은 단면확대 보강기둥에서 주철근 조기 좌굴방지 및 콘크리트 구속에 효율적인 띠철근 상세로 평가될 수 있었다.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.231-250
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• 2008

The statistical two-order and two-scale method is developed for predicting the mechanics parameters, such as stiffness and strength of core-shell particle-filled polymer composites. The representation and simulation on meso-configuration of random particle-filled polymers are stated. And the major statistical two-order and two-scale analysis formulation is briefly given. The two-order and two-scale expressions for the strains and stresses of conventionally strength experimental components, including the tensional or compressive column, the twist bar and the bending beam, are developed by means of their classical solutions with orthogonal-anisotropic coefficients. Then a new effective mesh generation algorithm is presented. The mechanics parameters of core-shell particle-filled polymer composites, including the expected stiffness parameters, minimum stiffness parameters, and the expected elasticity limit strength and the minimum elasticity limit strength, are defined by means of the stiffness coefficients and elasticity strength criterions for core, shell and matrix. Finally, the numerical results for predicting both stiffness and elasticity limit strength parameters are compared with the experimental data.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1993년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.130-135
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• 1993

Twelve 1/2 scale modeled wall specimens were tested statically up to failure to investigate she shear behavior of concrete walls reinforced with welded wire fabric. major variables were spacing of reinforcing bars, type of reinforcing bar(rebar, welded sire fabric, knurling wire) and the existence of tied column type reinforcement

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.239-242
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• 2003

Scale down으로 인해 부족해진 overlay margin을 통해 충분히 확보해주고, 이와 동시에 attPSM(attenuated phase shift)의 사용으로 발생하는 side-lobe 현상을 억제하기 위한 방법으로 rule-based OPC(optical proximity correction)룰 사용하여 side-lobe만을 효과적으로 추출한 후, 그 자리에 scattering bar를 삽입하였다. 그리고 ORC(optical rule checking)를 통해 original layout과 aerial image의 EPEs(edge placement errors)를 검사하여 검증에 걸리는 시간을 감소시켰다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to clarify the seismic capacity and the characteristics in the hysteretic behavior of RC structures with nonseismic detailing. To do this, an exterior beam-column subassemblage was selected from a 10-story RC building and 6 1/3-scale specimens were manufactured with 3 variables; ⑴ with and without slab, ⑵ upward and downward direction of anchorage for the bottom bar in beams, and ⑶ with and without hoop bars in the joint region. The test results have shown that ⑴ the existence of slab increased the strength in positive and negative moment, 25% and 62%, respectively; ⑵ the Korean practice of anchorage (downward and 25 $d_{b}$ anchorage length) caused the 8% reduction of strength and the early strength degradation when compared with the case of seismic details; and ⑶ the existence of hoop bars in the joint region does not show significant difference because the size of column is much larger than that of beam.m.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.272-275
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• 2003

Theodolite measurement system is non-contacted 3-dimensional measurement system. The system accuracy is 0.5 mm or better for distance 0 ~ 100 m. And the system is used for the measurement of a product for middle and large scale. This study was performed for finding the measurement error factors of the system. We could know that the main error factors are temperature, illumination and expertness. And we could find the measurement errors are $\pm$ 0.045 mm at temperature conditions is 2$0^{\circ}C$ and $\pm$ 0.012 mm at illumination condition is 300 lux. Also the results had significant differences by combinations of operator's expertness.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2018

In the current research, a seismic ceiling system as one of non-structural elements in buildings has been developed by applying newly designed vertical hanger clips combined with M-bar channel clips. In order to evaluate the seismic performance of the developed system, full-scale shaking table tests of one story frame structure with the conventional ceiling system or the developed seismic ceiling system were performed with time-history responses under earthquake loads. The developed system was also evaluated by the time-history dynamic analysis. From seismic test and analysis, it was shown that the developed seismic ceiling system could give improved seismic performances to minimize displacements and damages of ceiling systems as well as enhance seismic safety of the ceiling system.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 1995

In recent years, it has been variously developed for testing the accuracy of circular motion of NC machine tools, for example Telescoping Ball Bar Method by Bryan, Circular test Method by Knapp and $r^{-{\theta} }$ Method by Tsutsumi etc., but these methods are all 2-dimentional measuring methods on plane. These simple methods of circular motion accuracy test of NC machine tools have been studied by many reserchers as above, but it is not yet settled in the code of measuring methods of motion errors of NC machine tools, because of errors of measuring units and sensors, and also especially the difficulties of centering of measuring units and the spindle of machining center. In this paper, in use of 2 rotary encoders and 1 magnetic type linear scale with resolution of 0.5 .mu. m, it has become possible for measuring of 3 dimentional space motion accuracy.