• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.501-507
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• 2017

The predictive utility of a damage model depends heavily on its particular choice of a damage variable, which serves as a macroscopic approximation in describing the underlying micromechanical processes of microdefects. In the case of spatially perfectly randomly distributed microcracks or microvoids in all directions, isotropic damage model is an appropriate choice, and scalar damage variables were widely used for isotropic or one-dimensional phenomenological damage models. The simplicity of a scalar damage representation is indeed very attractive. However, a scalar damage model is of somewhat limited use in practice. In order to entirely characterize the isotropic damage behaviors of damaged materials in multidimensional space, a system theory of isotropic double scalar damage variables, including the expressions of specific damage energy release rate, the coupled constitutive equations corresponding to damage, the conditions of admissibility for two scalar damage effective tensors within the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, was provided and analyzed in this study. Compared with the former studies, the theoretical formulations of double scalar damage variables in this study are given in the form of matrix, which has many features such as simpleness, directness, convenience and programmable characteristics. It is worth mentioning that the above-mentioned theoretical formulations are only logically reasonable. Owing to the limitations of time, conditions, funds, etc. they should be subject to multifaceted experiments before their innovative significance can be fully verified. The current level of research can be regarded as an exploratory attempt in this field.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

An extended scalar adaptive filter for guided missiles using a global positioning system receiver is presented. A conventional scalar adaptive filter is adequate filter for eliminating sudden abnormal jumping measurements. However, if missile or vehicle velocities have variation, the conventional filter cannot eliminate abnormal measurements. The proposed filter utilizes an acceleration term, which is an improvement not used in previous conventional scalar adaptive filters. The proposed filter continuously estimates noise measurement variance, velocity error variance and acceleration error variance. For estimating the three variances, an innovation method was used in combination with the least square method for the three variances. Results from the simulations indicated that the proposed filter exhibited better position accuracy than the conventional scalar adaptive filter.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.749-761
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• 2018

Here, we calculate the evolution equation of the reduced hh-curvature and the Ricci scalar along the Finslerian Ricci flow. We prove that Finsler Ricci flow preserves positivity of the reduced hh-curvature on finite time. Next, it is shown that evolution of Ricci scalar is a parabolic-type equation and moreover if the initial Finsler metric is of positive flag curvature, then the flag curvature, as well as the Ricci scalar, remain positive as long as the solution exists. Finally, we present a lower bound for Ricci scalar along Ricci flow.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.245-249
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• 2010

We show that on a compact locally conformal K$\ddot{a}$hler manifold $M^{2n}$ (dim $M^{2n}\;=\;2n\;{\geq}\;4$), $M^{2n}$ is K$\ddot{a}$hler if and only if its conformal scalar curvature k is not smaller than the scalar curvature s of $M^{2n}$ everywhere. As a consequence, if a compact locally conformal K$\ddot{a}$hler manifold $M^{2n}$ is both conformally flat and scalar flat, then $M^{2n}$ is K$\ddot{a}$hler. In contrast with the compact case, we show that there exists a locally conformal K$\ddot{a}$hler manifold with k equal to s, which is not K$\ddot{a}$hler.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2003

n this paper, direct numerical simulation of decaying compressible turbulence with passive scalar is performed by using 7th order upwind difference scheme or 8th order group velocity control scheme. The start Reynolds number (defined by Taylor scale) is 72 and turbulent Mach numbers are 0.2-0.9. The Schmidt numbers of passive scalar are 2-10. The Batchelor k-1 range are found in scalar spectra, and the high wavenumber spectra decays faster with increasing turbulent Mach number. The extend self-similarity (ESS) is found in the passive scalar in compressible turbulence.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2010

The goal of paper is to investigate the flow and scalar distribution through the HP Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV) passage. Flow and scalar distribution measurement are conducted by using 5-hole pressure probe and $CO_2$ tracing technique, respectively. Three different experimental cases are considered depending on cooling flow condition. The result shows that the vortical secondary flow patterns are observed clearly and these flow characteristics maintain through the NGV passage regardless of cooling flow injection. Compared to center region, the high axial velocity flow is observed near wall region due to cooling flow injection. Without cooling flow, the $CO_2$ (scalar) distribution becomes to be uniform quickly due to the strong flow mixing phenomenon. However, in cases of cooling flow, scalar distribution is significantly non-uniform.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.113-132
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• 2001

We prove an equality that holds on G-invariant minimal hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvatures in $S^5$.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.145-149
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• 2006

We demonstrate a novel almost Kahler deformation on $\mathbb{R}^4$ which diffuses the scalar curvature.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 1998

We show by using some properties of an elliptic integral that certain scalar semilinear elliptic problem has a unique solution.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2006

In this paper, we consider the problem of achieving a prescribed scalar curvature on warped product manifolds according to fiber manifolds with zero scalar curvature.