• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to verify the effect of roller acupuncture stimulation on baesu spots of joktaeyang bangkwang kyeong in the reaction to physiologic pain(heart rate, percutaneous oxygen saturation, respiration rate) in neonates. Method: This study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The participants were 40 normal neonates who were born at a hospital in Busan. These neonates were undergoing heel puncture for blood type tests. The neonates were divided into 2 groups: 20 in the experimental group who were stimulated with roller acupuncture before the heel puncture and 20 neonates in the control group who were not stimulated. The heart rate and percutaneous oxygen saturation were measured using a cardiopulmonary monitor and the respiration rate was measured directly. The data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program using χ²-test, t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA. Results: There was a significant difference (F=3.287, p=.043) for heart rate on the interaction between time and group. There was a significant difference (F=5.122, p=.008) for percutaneous oxygen saturation on the interaction between time and group. Conclusion: On the basis of results, it was verified that the roller acupuncture stimulation on baesu spots of joktaeyang bangkwang kyeong had effect of relieving pain in the neonates.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.35T no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1998

In the conventional GaAs MESFET circuit simulation, the DC and transient simulation results are often failed due to the discontinuities of the first and second order derivatives arising from the use of separate models in linear, saturation, and transition regions. In this paper, we propose a unified drain current-voltage model by using a unified channel length modulation effect that is derived by extending the channel length modulation effect in the saturation region to the linear region. Calculated results from the proposed drain current-voltage model agree well with the results of Shur model. Also, we propose a unified capacitance model for linear, transition, and saturation regions by using a unified channel length modulation effect. Its results from the proposed capacitance model agree well with 2-D device simulation results. Thus, the proposed models are expected to be useful in circuit simulations.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.93-103
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• 2012

A suction-saturation control technique based on flow pump system was developed to investigate hydraulic properties in unsaturated soils. The flow pump system is designed based on the principle of the axis-translation technique and triaxial equipment, and gives the suction-time and suction-saturation curves, the primary relationship needed for interpreting the response of unsaturated soils and link between theory and the material properties in unsaturated soil mechanics. Using the suction-saturation control technique, suction-time relationship and soil-water retention curve (SWRC) during hydraulic hysteresis were investigated with different net confining pressures and porosities. Three types of soils-two sands and a silt were used in this paper. This paper showed the effect of the hysteresis on the SWRC due to different net confining pressures and porosities. This means that a careful decision must be made as to which condition is to be modeled, since the delicate difference of the conditions in physical modeling can cause the different experimental output.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.308-311
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• 2011

In order to obtain mono-dispersed Fe NPs with high saturation magnetization, quantitative analysis method to investigate the growth dynamics of the Fe NPs synthesized by a conventional thermal decomposition method has been developed. As a result, fast nucleation process promotes formation of ~4 nm of initial nucleus with a non-equilibrium phase, resulting in low saturation magnetization. And slow particle growth with atomic-scaled surface precipitation mode (< 100 atoms/($min{\cdot}nm^2$)) can form the growth layer on the surface of initial nucleus with high saturation magnetization (~190 emu/$g_{Fe}$) as an equilibrium a phase of Fe. Therefore, higher stabilization of small initial nucleus generated just after the injection of $Fe(CO)_5$ should be one of the key issues to achieve much higher $M_s$ of Fe NPs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2001

This study was carried out to know the effect of light intensity, temperature and $CO_2$ concentration on photosynthesis and transpiration in yacon(Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp.& Endl.). Light compensation point was ${58\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$and light saturation point was ${1708\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$. Transpiration rate was increased to about 4 mmol${m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$ with increasing of light intensity to ${2193\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis was ${24^{\circ}C}$ in air. Photosynthesis was gradually reduced as transpiration rate increased from 4 to 8 mmol ${m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$ in different air temperature. $CO_2$ compensation point was 63 vpm and $CO_2$ saturation point was 1155 vpm and light saturation point was enhanced with increasing of $CO_2$ concentration from 350 vpm to 1300 vpm.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1C
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• pp.9-17
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• 2006

The numerical analysis to predicting the electrokinetic remediation behavior on unsaturated soil is carried out by aiding HERO, Hanyang Unversity Electrokinetic Remediation program, developed from the finite difference method and in the VISUAL FORTRAN environment. The analysis for the pure kaolinite under saturated conditions is performed on the results of the previous study of Acar (1997). Also the predictions to the characteristics of electrokinetic remediation on unsaturated conditions are performed and the conclusions summarized as follows. First, pH of the electrolyte in the reservoirs is not different with the degree of saturation resulted from the changes in electrical efficiency. But the advance of acid front is increased dependent on the degree of saturation in contrary to the transportation of base front. Second, below the degree of saturation of 83%, which is equivalent to the optimum water content, the removal effect increased with the decreasing of degree of saturation. But it have no effect on the efficiency of removal over the degree of saturation of 83%.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.459-463
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• 2002

We studied the effect of gain recovery at the optical fiber amplifier by the input pulse trains We also theoretically analyzed the limitation of the saturation and recovery time for the PDFA(Praseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) which has the spectral gain at 1.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ band. We can predict the interval between the pulse train, pump power, and the effect of the saturation and recovery time which is affected to the amplification of the optical pulse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.505-508
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• 2002

We studied the effect of gain recovery at the optical fiber amplifier by the input pulse trains. We also theoretically analyzed the limitation of the saturation and recovery time for the PDFA(Praseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) which has the spectral gain at 1.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ band. We can predict the interval between the pulse train, pump power, and the effect of the saturation and recovery time which is affected to the amplification of the optical pulse.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effect of amino acids and neurotransmitters, which exist in the human brain, depending on the concentration, pH, and amplitude of the saturation radiofrequency field. Phantoms were developed with asparagine (Asn), ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glycine (Gly), and myoinositol (MI). Each chemical had three different concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 mM and three different pH values of 5.6, 6.2, and 7.4. Full Z-spectrum CEST images for each phantom were acquired with a continuous-wave radiofrequency (RF) saturation pulse with two different $B_1$ amplitudes of $2{\mu}T$ and $4{\mu}T$ using an animal 9.4T MRI system. A voxel-based CEST asymmetry was mapped to evaluate exchangeable protons based on amide (-NH), amine ($-NH_2$), and hydroxyl (-OH) groups for the five target molecules. For all target molecules, the CEST effect was increased with increasing concentration and B1 amplitude; however, the CEST effect with varying pH displayed a different trend depending on the characteristics of the molecule. On CEST asymmetric maps, Glu and MI were well visualized around 3.0 and 0.9 ppm, respectively, and were well separated macroscopically at a pH of 7.4. The exchange rates of Asn, Glu, BABA, and Gly usually decreased with increasing pH. The CEST effect was dependent on the concentration, acidity of the target molecules, and B1 amplitude of the saturation RF pulse. The CEST effect for Asn can be observed in a 9.4T MRI system. The results of this study are based on applying the CEST technique in patients with neurodegenerative diseases when proteins in the brain are increased with disease progression.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1974

A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of phosphate application and the adjustment of base saturation rate of soils on the growth of soybean. The soils used were very low in available phosphate (10-20ppm) and low in base saturation rates (less than 40%). Treatment included 2 levels of $P_2O_5$ $(40-80ppm){\times}3$ levels of base saturation rates (check, 60.80%) In adjusting the base saturation rate, the ratio between Ca and Mg was maintained at 65:15. Results are summarised as folloing. (1) The levels of phosphate in the experiment did not bring forth significant difference in the yield of soybean. Both 40 and 80ppm of $P_2O_5$ were seemed to be not enough to bring up the remarkable phosphate effect. (2) The increase in base saturation rate of the soils up to 60% proved to be significant in increasing the yield of soybean. Above that level, however, did not affect the yield. (3) The major factor for the increase of yield, in base saturation rate adjustments was the increased Mg-saturation rates. In the range of 10-15% of Mg-saturation rate of soils, there was a linear positive relationship between the yield of soybean and Mg-saturation rate of soils, while the optimum levels of Ca-saturation rates of soil were found to be 35-55%. (4) It was pointed that there is some possibility of relative in-sufficiency of Mg in Korean cultivated soils and that the continued application of liming materials which do not contain proper amounts of Mg may aggravate these situation.