• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, physical properties and sensory evaluation of rice using three different varieties of rice (Odae rice-Chulwon, Chuncheong rice-Yeoju, Hwayoung rice-Sanchung) produced by organic and ordinary farming. Amylose content was higher in Chucheong rice and protein content was higher in Hwayoung rice in comparison to others. However, there was no difference in amylose and protein contents between organically grown and ordinarily grown rice. The electron donating activities and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of methanol extracts from organically grown rice were higher than those of ordinarily grown rice. There was no difference in amylographic characteristics between the differently cultured rices. The organically grown rice had a high springness, cohesiveness and was gummy in rheometer evaluation. However, the ordinarily grown rice had a good score for taste in sensory evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 1978

According to the milling degree (unhulled, brown, 70% polished, and 90% polished rice), cropping areas (Sabong, Myeungsuk, Hadong, and Sanchung), and variety of rices (Yusin and Milyang), the contents of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and manganese were analyzed in order to investigate heavy metals in the rice of Kyeong Nam district for two years(1976-1977) by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The contents of heavy metals in all the sample rices observed in this experiment were decreased with the increase of milling degree, but significant difference of the heavy metals was not observed among the cropping areas and variety of rices. 2. The contents of heavy metals were copper, 0.80-2.89 ppm; zinc, 3.23-17.60 ppm; manganese, 6.72-70.25 ppm; and lead, ND-0.64 ppm. 3. The contents of nickel and chromium in unhulled rice were in the range of 2.04-40.64 and 5.09-39.95 ppm, respectively, but these heavy metals were in trace for 90% polished rice. 4. The mercury and cadmium were in trace for some unhulled rice, but they were not detected in polished rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.733-739
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• 2009

This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between major climatic factors (monthly temperature, precipitation) and radial growth of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Inje-gun(Mt. Seorak), Sanchung-gun and Namwon-si(Mt. Jiri). Radial growth measurements were crossdated and correlated with climate variables. The climatic factors used were monthly mean temperature and monthly precipitation from August of previous year to September of the current year. In Inje-gun, radial growth was negatively correlated with monthly mean temperature in April, May, June, and August of the current year and was positively correlated with precipitation in August, October of the previous year and in April, August of the current year. Sanchung-gun showed a negative correlation with monthly mean temperature in September of the previous year and August of the current year but positive correlation in January of the current year. In contrast, precipitation in September of the previous year and August of the current year showed a positive influence. The results suggest that high temperature together with low precipitation may thus cause water stress and thereby limit radial growth in this region. In Namwon-si, the climategrowth relationships show that radial growth was negatively correlated with monthly mean temperature in August, October of the previous year and June of the current year. But August of the previous year and May, August of the current year in precipitation was positively correlated with radial growth. In the study areas, precipitation plays an important role for the radial growth of Kroean Pine (Pinus koraiensis). The results suggest that precipitation is important in the radial growth because water deficit in trees would take place in response to high temperature in the study area. Also there was some differences with study areas in the effects of both climatic variables probably as a result of different stand structure and geographical conditions and micro-climate.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2009

Occurrence of Japanese gall-forming thrips, Ponticulothrips diospyrosi was surveyed from 143 orchards at 11 cities or counties in 6 provinces, Korea from 2008 to 2009. Occurrence of P. diospyrosi was not observed from Jeju (4 persimmon orchards) in Jeju-do and Wanju (12 persimmon orchards) in Jeollabuk-do. However, P. diospyrosi occurred newly in the orchards in Sanchung, Gyeongsangnam-do and in Gangreung, Gangwon-do. Rate of damaged orchards by P. diospyrosi in Gumi, Mungyeong, Sangju and Euseong in Gyeongsangbuk-do (73.3%) was higher than that of in Gyeongsangnam-do or Youngdong areas in Chungcheongbuk-do. A maximum rate of damaged trees by P. diospyrosi was 23.5% in Gumi, while the damage was lower in Sancheong and Jinju representing 0.2 and 1.6%, respectively. Rate of damaged leaves by P. diospyrosi was the highest in Sangju (0.12%). P. diospyrosi occurred between $N35^{\circ}07'50"$ and $35^{\circ}51'24"$ and between $E127^{\circ}38'36"$ to $128^{\circ}53'02"$. Persimmon orchards close to mountain were more damaged by P. diospyrosi. Edge parts of persimmon orchards were more damaged by P. diospyrosi than inner parts, especially in orchards close to mountain. Also, the middle and lower parts of tree canopy were more damaged by P. diospyrosi than the upper parts of canopy.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2007

The effect of environmental factors on the over-wintering success of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, which is considered as unable to hibernate during winter climate in Korea. This study was examined to determine the location of over-wintering habitats in the agricultural water system related with weed control using the apple snail in rice paddy field in the Yeongnam district from 2003 to 2006. Over-wintering success of the apple snail was observed at Hadong, Hapchen, Sanchung, Kimhae, Milyang, Changwon, Ulsan, Busan, Gyengju, Pohang, Chilgok, Seongju, Gumi, Sangju and Youngju in Yeongnam area. And the over-wintering locations of apple snail going north year by year. Accordingly, the successful over-wintering sites observed were deep wells, water running canals and brooks not dried conditions. A special feature of this sites was that the water of this sites was not frozen during winter season.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.82-95
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to analyze the GIS-based water cycle system: rainfall, evapotranspiration, surface run-off of Gyeongsanam-do for the effective rainwater management. The rainfall(1999~2008) analyzed by a spatial interpolation method, showed relatively higher amount in Hadong-gun, Sanchung-gun, and Sacheon-gun on the southwest coast than in Changnyeong-gun, Miryang-si, and Changwon-si in the mideast inland. The evapotranspiration was calculated by the three independent variables: air temperature, landuse, and NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index). The analysis showed that Namhae-gun had the highest evapotranspiration of 93.71mm, and Jinhae-si and Changwon-si had the lowest values of 81.78mm and 84.37mm. The surface run-off was analysed by a run-off equation based on the SCS hydrologic soil classification and landuse. The amount of surface run-off showed that Hadong-gun had the highest value, of 90.40mm, and Geochang-gun had the lowest, of 46.69mm. The analysis results of the GIS-based water cycle system will be used to support the establishment of the effective rainwater management plan in Gyeongasngnam-do.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of a torrent control structure using customized tetrapods on the forest water quality, fishes, snials and streamwater ecology conservation and management. The study was conducted in the Honggye valley located in Sanchung-gun, Gyungsangnam-do, and stream water quality and streamwater ecology was compared before and during 2 years after construction of torrent control structure. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, pH of stream water didn't get out of the range of River water quality standard class I. After 2 years construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, Dissolved Oxygen concentration didn't change, and Electrical Conductivity measurements agreed well within the range of normal clean stream water quality. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, fishes and snials up and down stream movement didn't influence of the tetrapods dam. Stream water quality during 2 years after construction of the torrent control structure was similar to before construction. Therefore, it was find out that the torrent control structure didn't affect stream water quality and ecology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of a torrent control structure using customized tetrapods on the forest water quality conservation and management. The study was conducted in the Honggye valley located in Sanchung-gun, Gyungsangnam-do, and stream water quality was compared before and after construction of torrent control structure. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, pH of stream water didn't get out of the range of River water quality standard class I. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, Dissolved Oxygen concentration didn't change, and Electrical Conductivity measurements agreed well within the range of normal clean stream water quality. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, average of total amount of anion was 3.07/2.30~3.60 mg/L, being slightly greater than before construction. Stream water quality after construction of the torrent control structure was similar to before construction. Therefore, it was find out that the torrent control structure didn't affect stream water quality.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of catalase using xanthine (X)-xanthine oxidase (XO) system on in vitro maturation and fertilization in the pig. When follicular oocytes were cultured with X or XO, the maturation rates were not significantly different between in medium with and without catalase despite of different culture periods. However, significantly (P<0.05) higher maturation rates were obtained in culture with X-XO-catalase system. The rates of degenerated oocytes were increased with culture periods prolonged, and were significantly (P<0.05) higher in medium without that than with catalase at 120 h of culture. On the other hand, the parthenogenetic oocytes were observed with high proportions at 72 h of culture, but were not different between the medium with and without catalase at various times of culture. In another experiment, the frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa treated with X-XO system for in vitro fertilization. The penetration rates were higher in medium with that than without catalase during the in vitro fertilization with none (P<0.05), XO and X+XO. On the other hand, when sperm were treated with none, X, XO and X+XO, lipid peroxidation were produced with higher rates in medium without that than with catalase, and consequently the changes in sperm penetration and lipid peroxidation showed opposite patterns. Under the above all conditions, however, sperm-SH group were higher detected by catalase. When the activity of sperm binding to zona pellucida was evaluated through binding to salt-stored porcine oocytes, sperm binding to zona pellucida in control group were higher than in medium with X, XO and X+XO groups. No significant differences, however, were observed between medium with and without catalase. In conclusion, the exposure of follicular oocytes and spermatozoa to X-XO-catalase system may be caused stimulating in vitro maturation and fertilization in the pig.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1493-1501
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• 2012

The antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau were examined using two antioxidant assays. Ten volatile aroma compounds identified in this plant were also tested for antioxidant activity. The volatile aroma extracts of stem and root from C. tricuspidata exhibited antioxidant activities with a clear dose response relationship in both aldehyde/carboxylic acid and lipid/malonaldehyde assays. Antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from C. tricuspidata at $500{\mu}g/mL$ were $77.02{\pm}8.12%$ (stem) and $74.19{\pm}6.82%$ (root) in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay. Antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from C. tricuspidata at $160{\mu}g/mL$ were $76.17{\pm}4.25%$ (stem) and $61.43{\pm}2.11%$ (root) in the lipid/malonaldehyde assay. Positively identified volatile aroma components in extracts of stem and root from C. tricuspidata were seven terpenes and terpenoides, 14 alkyl compounds, 11 nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds, three oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds, 12 aromatic compounds, nine lactones, and seven miscellaneous compounds (possible contaminants). Among the positively identified compounds, eugenol, isoeugenol, and 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol exhibited antioxidant activities comparable to those of BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Vanillin and 2-acetylpyrrole showed moderate activities in the lipid/malonaldehyde assay. These results suggest that consumption of antioxidant-rich beverages prepared from C. tricuspidata could have beneficial effects on human health by preventing diseases caused by oxidative damage.