• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.39
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• pp.39-58
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• 2006

This study reviews recent shell midden studies in Korea. With more interest in biological materials, recent shell midden studies have attempted to reconstruct palaeoenvironment, and understand subsistence economy, the formation processes and function of sites and past culture. Especially, one of the major topics in prehistoric Korean shell midden studies is the transitional process from hunter-gatherer to farmer. To solve these questions related with shell middens, new sampling strategies and excavation techniques have been adopted. Analytical methods combined with scientifical technologies also have been introduced to shell middle studies. These methods indude stable isotope analyses(Oxygen isotope and Carbon and Nitrogen isotope analyses) and growth-line analysis, etc.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.229-243
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• 2002

This study aimed at compare analyzing the trend of research in Korea and Other Country on Pain in Children, suggesting direction future pain research, and contributing to the use of pain intervention in nursing practice. Research studies on pain in children were selected from Korean Nures' Academic Society Journal, Korean Pediatric Nursing Academic Society Journal, dissertations, and contected using the MEDLINE between 1980 to April, 2002. The number of the 16 studies in Korea with 36 studies in other country. So, The number of the total studies were 52. There studies were analyzed for 1) the present condition of research studies 2) Research subject 3) Types of condition (Situation) in pain 4) Measurement Tools 5) Types of nursing interventions and 6) Research design. The findings of the analysis can be summerized as follows : 1) The number of the studies insufficient in Korea(16 studies) compare to other country (36 studies). 2) Research subjetcs were mostly patients and preschool, schoolage children(12 studies, 26 studies). 3) Types of condition(situation) in pain were First, related to injection(IM, IV, Blood Sampling)(6 studies, 14 studies) second, related to operation (4 studies, 11 studies) third, related to heelstick in neonates (3 studies, 6 studies). 4) As measurement tools for pain were mostly FPRS(facial pain rating scale) used to studies (9 studies, 11 studies), and more than two tools used. Mostly used to heart rate at studies. 5) Types of nursing intervention, Teaching and information were most popular intervention for pain in Korea(4 studies), and distraction was most popular intervention for pain in the other country(14 studies). 6) Research design, The experimental research were most popular studies in Korea and the other country. The following suggestions made based on the above findings : Need to researches about pain of children's chronic disease.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is the most popular pollinosis in Japan. It has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species are suspended as fine particles in the urban atmosphere. These allergenic fine particles are responsible for inducing asthma by breaking into the lower respiratory tract. It has also been found that pollinosis symptoms on the sufferers appear mainly at night-time by the results from epidemiological studies. However, the exact reason for these phenomena is not yet clarified. In this study, the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and their allergenic species in the urban area of Saitama city of Kanto Plain were investigated. Airborne pollen grains and allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated at two sampling sites, a heavy traffic road (roadside site) and at the balcony of the $10^{th}$ floor of the Building of Research and Project of Saitama University (general urban site). The latter sampling site where located about 300 m away from the roadside site was used as a general urban site unaffected by automobile traffic. The airborne pollen counts were measured with a real-time pollen monitor. Cry j 1 particles were collected with two high volume air samplers, and these concentrations were measured by surface plasmon resonance method with a Biacore J system. The diurnal variation of the airborne pollen counts was similar to the trends of temperature and wind speed during the day-time; whereas its tendency with wind speed trend was not observed during the night-time. Airborne pollen counts were lower with northern wind than with southern wind because the pollen comes from the mountainous areas, and the mountains in the south are closer, about half the distance to the northern mountains. It is suggested that the peaks of airborne pollen counts during night-time in the sampling site occurred by transport of pollen grains released during day-time in the mountainous forest areas, located c.a. 100 km away from the sampling site. On the roadside site the allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations were higher than at the general urban site, nevertheless pollen grains counts were lower. These results suggested that worsening of pollinosis symptoms during night-time in urban area was caused by transport of pollen grains during day-time in the mountainous forest areas. Moreover, pollen allergenic species become different morphology from pollen grain at roadside site, and the subsequent pollen grains re-suspension by automobile traffic.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

This paper proposes a cost-effective system design and user-friendly approach for the key technological elements necessary to configure an autonomous mobile robot. To implement a high-precision positioning system using an autonomous mobile robot, we established a Linux-based VRS (virtual reference station)-RTK (real-time kinematic) GNSS (global navigation satellite system) system with NTRIP (Network Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol) client functionality. Notably, we reduced the construction cost of the GNSS positioning system by performing dynamic location analysis of the established system, without utilizing an RTK replay system. Dynamic location analysis involves sampling each point during the trajectory following of the autonomous mobile robot and comparing the location precision with ground-truth points. The proposed system ensures high positioning performance with fast sampling times and suggests a GPS waypoint system for user convenience. The centimeter-level precision GNSS information is provided at a 30Hz sampling rate, and the dead reckoning function ensures valid information even when passing through tall buildings and dense forests. The horizontal position error measured through the proposed system is 6.7cm, demonstrating a highly precise dynamic location measurement error within 10cm. The VRS network-RTK Linux system, which provides precise dynamic location information at a high sampling rate, supports a GPS waypoint planner function for user convenience, enabling easy destination setting based on GPS information.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

The present study highlights the conflict management levels in Indian manufacturing and Information Technology (IT) sectors. Nearly 110 samples from different organizations of manufacturing and IT have been collected using convenient sampling technique. Standardised scale on Organisational Conflict developed by Dhar U. and Dhar S. [2003] has been used which consists of twenty items on a four point scale. The study has shown that miscommunication at organizational level has been a reason for conflict in manufacturing organizations whereas intrinsic motivation at organizational as well as individual level has been found a reason for conflict in IT sector. The study bears implications for HR managers to develop policies and conflict management strategies so as to deal with the situations constructively at a particular level of conflict.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1053-1054
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• 2008

This paper presents the mobile robot initial velocity estimation using spatial/temporal information from passive RFID system. A mobile robot is traveling along a sequence of line segments, each at a constant velocity, and the number of passive tags sensed at every sampling instant is at most one. To simplify the problem, a mobile robot is commanded to traverse two passive tags with steering angle unchanged. The 6th order polynomial equation for the mobile robot initial velocity estimation is obtained, along with some discussion on resolving the multiplicity of solutions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2011

Objectives: Sample surveys have been increasingly used by Korean medical doctors for many studies. We present how to conduct higher quality sample surveys in Korea. Methods: According to the 11 principal steps for sample surveys, the concrete issues that academic researchers tend to overlook are illustrated and a variety of methods for improving survey quality are discussed. Results: The survey statistics produced by some researchers could be subject to large errors. This would be mainly due to misunderstandings about the system of principles called survey methodology. The best strategy for avoiding these errors will be to follow the suggested guidelines. Conclusions: For the development of traditional Korean medicine, the role of survey studies is important. Conducting surveys of a better quality based on survey methodology will be beneficial to researchers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.817-833
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• 2010

This study was dedicated to searching better course of low birth rate study in Korea by carefully analyzing past and present low birth rate researches. For this 179 studies(101 master thesis and 78 journal articles) from 1991 to 2009 were analyzed. Next, using SPSS Win 12.0, the research type, topic, participants, data collection and method of data analysis were compared to the studies' years of publication. The most frequently applied research approach, topic, sampling method, data collection procedure and data analysis method in the research was found to be a literature study, solution and prevention of low birth rate related policy, literature study, literacy analysis. In conclusion, low birth rate studies should become more diversified in terms of types of the research, data collection method, and data analysis. Additionally, research topics should become more realistic and specified. Moreover, research results should be verified before they are applied to the policy.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.238-273
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• 2019

Social enterprises pursue innovation to create socio-economic impact for the marginalized communities. The founders of social enterprises drive goal-oriented innovation, whereas, interactions with ecosystem is crucial to create and diffuse innovation. However, studies are scant on creation as well as diffusion of innovation emerging from social enterprises. This paper attempts to understand innovation emerging from social enterprises through an exploration of innovation focus, interactions with ecosystem, and measurement of innovation performance. A cross-sectional study is performed to understand the relationship between founders' orientation and innovation performance, and the mediating role of innovation focus and ecosystem interactions. A cluster sampling across four states in India - Karnataka, Telangana, Maharastra and Tamil Nadu - resulted in participation from 207 social enterprises. The results of partial least squared structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) demonstrate the positive complementary mediating role of innovation focus in the relationship between founders' orientation and innovation performance. Moreover, this paper illustrates that founders' persistent focus on innovation creates positive results for social enterprises as well as beneficiaries.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2022

In many applications, we frequently encounter correlated multiple outcomes measured on the same subject. Joint modeling of such multiple outcomes can improve efficiency of inference compared to independent modeling. For instance, in developmental toxicity studies, fetal weight and number of malformed pups are measured on the pregnant dams exposed to different levels of a toxic substance, in which the association between such outcomes should be taken into account in the model. The number of malformations may possibly have many zeros, which should be analyzed via zero-inflated count models. Motivated by applications in developmental toxicity studies, we propose a Bayesian joint modeling framework for continuous and count outcomes with excess zeros. In our model, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model would be used to describe count data, and a subject-specific random effects would account for the correlation across the two outcomes. We implement a Bayesian approach using MCMC procedure with data augmentation method and adaptive rejection sampling. We apply our proposed model to dose-response analysis in a developmental toxicity study to estimate the benchmark dose in a risk assessment.