• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2016

Stable water vapor isotopes have been utilized as a tracer for studying atmospheric global circulations, climate change and paleoclimate with ice cores. Recently, since laser spectroscopy has been available, water vapor isotopes can be measured more precisely and continuously. Studies of water vapor isotopes have been conducted over the world, but it is the early stage in south Korea. For vapor isotopes study, a cryogenic sampling device for water vapor isotopes has been developed. The cryogenic sampling device consists of the dewar bottle, filled with extremely low temperature material and impinger connected with a vacuum pump. Impinger stays put in the dewar bottle to change the water vapor which passes through the inside of impinger into the solid phase as ice. The fact that water vapor has not sampled completely leads to isotopic fractionation in the impinger. To minimize the isotopic fractionation during sampling water vapor, we have tested the method using a serial connection with two sets of impinger device in the laboratory. We trapped 98.02% of water vapor in the first trap and the isotopic difference of the trapped water vapor between two impinger were about 20‰ and 6‰ for hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Considering the amount of water vapor trapped in each impinger, the isotopic differences for hydrogen and oxygen were 0.33‰ and 0.06‰, respectively, which is significantly smaller than the precision of isotopic measurements. This work can conclude that there is no significant fractionation during water vapor trapping.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1990

In on-line measurement, there were two difficult problems to remove the biomass in the sample and to prevent the contamination at the sampling. In this study, the problem of the contamination at the sampling was solved by using the sampling device consisting of sterilizable sampling line, peristaltic pump and three-way valve. The glucose concentration was measured by glucose calibration equation without removing the biomass. Xanthan fermentation was performed satisfactorily using this automatic analyzing device.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2000

The color space transformation to link device-dependent color spaces and device-independent color spaces is essential for device characterization and cross-media color reproduction. There are various color conversion methods such as regression, 3D interpolation with LUT(look-up table), and neural network. In the color transformation with these methods, the conversion accuracy is essentially based on the sample data to be exploited for device characterization. In conventional method, color samples are uniformly selected in device-dependent space such as CMY and RGB. However, distribution of these color samples is very non-uniform in device-independent color space such as CIEL*a*b*. Accordingly, the conversion error in device-independent color space is irregular according to the distribution of the samples. In this paper, a color sampling method based on equi-visual perception is proposed to obtain approximate uniform color samples in CIEL*a*b* space. In order to evaluate transformation accuracy of proposed method, color space transformations are simulated using regression, 3D interpolation with LUT and neural network techniques, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4665-4667
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• 2012

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Laos women and a screening programme, even with the PAP smear test (PAP test), has yet to be established for routine use. The Pap test is accepted as the most appropriate for cervical cancer screening in some settings but it is not commonly available in Laos hospitals, because there are few cytopathologists and gynecologists have little experience. As a pilot program, seminars for the PAP test were given in 2007 and 2008, and then PAP tests were carried out using self-sampling instrument (Kato's device) with 200 healthy volunteers in Setthathirath hospital, Laos, in 2008. The actual examination number was 196, divided into class I 104 (53.1%), class II 85 (43.3%), class IIIa 4 (2.0%), class IIIb 1 (0.5%), and class V 1 (0.5%) by modified Papanicolau classification. Four cases had menstruation. There were 6 cases with epithelial cell abnormalities including malignancy. There were 7 cases with fungus and 2 cases with trichomonas in Class II. More than 70% volunteers felt comfortable with the Kato's device and wanted to use it next time, because of the avoidance of the embarrassment and a low cost as compared with pelvic examination by gynecologists. This first trial for PAP test for healthy Laos women related to a hospital found three percent to have abnormal cervical epithelial cells. Therefore, this appraoch using a self-sampling device suggests that it should be planned for cervical cancer prevention in Laos.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.142-148
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• 2018

To improve the performance of a launch vehicle, kerosene, a launch vehicle fuel, undergoes a densification process. Liquid nitrogen injection cooling is an effective densification method which has a simple system and is inexpensive. During the cooling process, however, nitrogen may dissolve in the kerosene, possibly resulting in changes to fuel properties. Therefore, it is essential to measure and eliminate the amount of dissolved nitrogen in the kerosene. In this study, the vacuum extraction principle is introduced to measure the content of dissolved nitrogen in the kerosene. In addition, the experimental results, which used a designed/manufactured nitrogen sampling device, are described. From the results, the validity of the nitrogen sampling device and the dissolved nitrogen measurement/elimination methods was demonstrated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ehters) are rarely dissolved in water due to their strong hydrophobicity and large molecular mass so not many researches were done in aqueous environment compared to other environmental compartments. However, the mass loading from wastewater treatment plant into aquatic environment, re-suspension from bottom sediment and partitioning from floating particles and colloids may not be negligible. It is, therefore, important but also difficult to investigate PBDEs in water environment. Recent overcoming resolution towards this barrier to monitor hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic environment is using passive sampling technique like semipermeable membrane device. By using passive sampling, it might be possible to obtain long-term reproducible monitoring result and detect the trace amounts of PBDEs, with controlling fluctuation of surrounding environmental factors during the sampling event. So therefore, this study is purposed to confirm the possibility of using SPMD (semi-permeable membrane device) as water monitoring tool. Grab samples, composite samples and SPMDs were applied in river bank to evaluate the concentration difference and temporal fluctuation by various water sampling method, and to assess the water concentration prediction capability of SPMD for the PBDEs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

According to proliferation of mobile devices, security threats have been continuously increased such as illegal or unintentional file transmission of important data to an external mass-storage device. Therefore, we propose a protection method to prohibit an illegal outflow to this device and implement this method. This method extracts signatures from random locations of important file and uses them to detect and block illegal file transmission. To get signatures, a target file is divided by extracting window size and more than one signatures are extracted in this area. To effective signature sampling, various extraction ways such as full, binomial distribution-based and dynamic sampling are implemented and evaluated. The proposed method has some advantages. The one is that an attacker cannot easily predict the signature and its extraction location. The other is that it doesn't need to modify original data to protect it. With the help of these advantages, we can say that this method can increase efficiency of easy-to-use and it is a proper way leakage prevention in a mobile device.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1703-1707
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• 2013

A fast and simple sampling and sample preparation device, (NTD) has been developed and applied to sample and analyze volatile components from ground coffee beans. Coffee fragrances and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled by the NTD and then analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Divinylbenzene (DVB) particles (80/100 mesh size) were the sorbent bed of the NTD. More than 150 volatile components were first identified based on the database of the mass library and then finally 30 fragrances including caffeine were further confirmed by comparing experimental retention indices (i.e. Kovat index) with literature retention indices. Total sampling time was 10 minutes and no extra solvent extraction and/or reconstitution step need. Straight n-alkanes (C6-C20) were used as retention index probes for the calculation of experimental retention indices. In addition, this report suggests that an empty needle can be an alternative platform for analyzing polymers by pyrolysis-GC/MS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8563-8569
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• 2014

Sub-optimal participation is a major problem with cervical cancer screening in developing countries which have no organized national screening program. There are various notable factors such as 'embarrassment', 'discomfort' and 'no time' cited by women as they are often also the bread winners for the family. Implementation of self-sampling methods may increase their participation. The aim of this article was to provide a survey of various types of self-sampling tools which are commonly used in collection of cervical cells. We reviewed currently available self-sampling devices and collated the advantages and disadvantages of each in terms of its acceptance and its accuracy in giving desired results. In general, regardless of which device is used, self-sampling for cervical scrapings is highly acceptable to women in most of the studies cited.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

1. Objectives Our goal is to observe the feasibility of constitution discrimination from computing quantitative roughness index from dynamic friction coefficients and their gradients with the measurement device of skin friction with 3-Axis load cell sensor. 2. Methods In the traditional Korean medicine, skin diagnosis is one of the examination methods to discriminate Sasang constitution since it was known that Tae-eumin has rough skin, and Soyangin has smooth one. It is based on the skin roughness on the back of one's hand for the discrimination. The measurement device of skin friction with 3-axis load cell sensor has been developed in order to provide quantitative skin roughness through dynamic friction coefficients. The effective interval of the coefficients is obtained from the automatic sampling algorithm to use their curvature and slope. Then, Fisher's discriminant function of them makes the discrimination. 3. Results The success rate of extracting the effective interval was about 90% and the discriminant accuracy between Tae-eumin and Soyangin was 70% and 68% for men and women, respectively. The entire methods showed the possibility to distinguish between Tae-eumin and Soyangin by using stochastic properties of roughness index, which can make the entire system to include the measurement, the computation of the roughness index and the discrimination of constitution automatical. 4. Conclusions The measurement device, the automatic sampling algorithm of dynamic friction coefficients and the constitution discrimination algorithm were developed, respectively, and their combination can become the serial and automatic procedure for quantitative and objective skin diagnosis, which mimics the movement of the Oriental medical doctors' skin diagnosis. It can be applied to healthcare as well as the diagnosis of constitution in a u-Health system soon.