• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.859-866
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• 2015

무기이온이 풍부한 생식물 중 버려지는 부산물을 이용하여 미네랄 확보를 위한 발효최적조건을 설정하고 발효물에 함유된 미네랄 여과 및 정제 조건을 확립하였다. 생식물 가공 후 부산물을 활용하여 다량의 미네랄을 확보하고, 생식물 미네랄 배지조성을 위하여 백미 도정 후의 현미부산물인 미강을 고체 발효시켜 열수추출한 결과 칼륨 2,019.2 mg/100 g을 포함한 미네랄을 얻을 수 있었다. 추출물에 대한 순차적인 여과로 칼륨 1,769.70 mg/100 g을 포함한 미네랄을 확보하여 정제한 후 미네랄을 염수와 치환하기 위한 조건을 확립하기 위하여 유량과의 상관관계를 알아본 결과 유량이 변화하여도 전기투석효과에 영향이 없었으며, 유속이 200 mL/L로 빠를 때 생산제품인 정제수실 반응액이 농도가 낮게 나타났다. 인가전류와의 상관관계에서는 전류를 높게 인가할수록 전기투석효과가 높게 나타났고, 그 증가곡선도 역포물선으로 인가전류가 높을수록 효율이 높음을 나타냈다. 시간과의 상관관계 결과 90분 이내에 95%의 추출액 이온이 정제수로 회수 되었으며 비례적으로 추출 이온별 농도의 변화가 있었다. 정제수실의 이온 농축수에 정제염수실에서 조성된 수산화나트륨을 혼합하여 pH 7.4 의 안전한 염화화합물을 조성할 수 있게 되었다. 전기투석 공정의 원리를 이용하여 생식물 발효 조성액에 함유된 미네랄을 정제염수와 이온치환하여 나트륨 함량 40% 대비 최저 5.7%~최고 30%까지 나트륨이 감량된 소금을 제조하여 미네랄 저염소금 개발 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.730-736
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• 2013

본 논문은 수산물가공 폐수내 염분농도가 고율 혐기성 소화공정에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행되었다. HRT 6 hr 이상에서 TCODcr의 제거효율은 81.1~90.7%로 조사되어, 수산물 가공폐수 처리를 위한 최적 HRT는 6 hr 이상으로 조사되었다. 유기물 부하 7.83~17.37 $kgTCODcr/m^3$/day$에서 TCODcr 제거당 메탄 발생량은 0.23~0.38 $m^3CH_4/kgCODrem.$으로 STP 상태의 이론적 메탄가스 발생량 $0.35m^3CH_4/kgTCODrem$.과 유사하게 조사되었다. 운전기간 동안 biogas내 메탄 함량은 70.1~76.8%로 유입부하 변동에 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 염분농도에 따른 혐기성 소화효율 검토결과, $4,000mgCl^-/L$ 이하에서 TCODcr의 제거효율은 83.4~89.2%로, $5,000mgCl^-/L$에서는 70% 중반의 제거효율을 나타내, 안정적인 처리효율을 위해서는 $4,000mgCl^-/L$ 이하로 유지하여야 한다. biogas내 메탄함량은 $3,000mgCl^-/L$ 이하에서는 64.7~73.3%로 조사되었으나 $4,000mgCl^-/L$ 이상에서는 50.1~56.9%로 염분농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.565-569
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• 2002

식염 대체염 SR-10으로 제조한 저염 김치의 보존성 연장을 위한 일환으로 저염 김치에 alcohol과 adipic acid를 첨가제로 사용하였으며, 첨가제와 함께 배추 절임 단계에서 절임액의 온도를 $40^{\circ}C,\;60^{\circ}C$로 조정하여 저염 김치의 보존성 연장 효과를 검토하였다. 첨가제는 alcohol 2.0% 처리군과 adipic acid 0.1% 처리군, alcohol과 adipic acid 혼합 처리군으로 분류하였다. 첨가제를 처리한 저염 김치는 대조군에 비해 발효지연 효과를 보였으며 첨가제별 효과는 alcohol 단독 첨가시 보다 adipic acid 단독 첨가시가 효과가 더 좋았고 혼합 처리시는 그 효과가 더 상승됨을 보였다. 첨가제별 처리효과가 크게 차이가 없었기 때문에 기호도면에서 대조군과 유사한 결과를 보인 adipic acid를 열수 절임 저염 김치에 적용하였다. 열수 절임시 $40^{\circ}C$ 열처리 보다 $60^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 경우 저염 김치의 발효지연 효과가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 기호도면에서는 $40^{\circ}C$ 열처리시가 $60^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 저염 김치에 비해 대조군과 유사한 특성을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2011

The single-stranded DNA binding activity of the Escherichia coli RecA protein is crucial for homologous recombination to occur. This and other biochemical activities of ssDNA binding proteins may be affected by various factors. In this study, we analyzed the effect of $CaCl_2$, NaCl and $NH_4NO_3$ salts in combination with the pH and nucleotide cofactor effect on the ssDNA-binding activity of RecA. The studies revealed that, in addition to the inhibitory effect, these salts exert also a stimulatory effect on RecA. These effects occur only under very strict conditions, and the presence or absence and the type of nucleotide cofactor play here a major role. It was observed that in contrast to ATP, ATP${\gamma}$S prevented the inhibitory effect of NaCl and $NH_4NO_3$, even at very high salt concentration. These results indicate that ATP${\gamma}$S most likely stabilizes the structure of RecA required for DNA binding, making it resistant to high salt concentrations.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2005

To develop the novel anti-allergic drug, many sophoricoside derivatives were synthesized. Among these derivatives, JSH-II-3, VI-3, VII-3, VIII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt) were selected and subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong IL-5 inhibitory activity and limitation of quantity. Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay, mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase ($tk^{+/-}$) gene assay (MOLY), chromosomal aberration assay in mammalian cells and Ames reverse mutation assay in bacterial system were used as simplified, inexpensive, short-term in vitro screening tests in our laboratory. Through the primary screening using the comet assay, we could choose the first candidates of sophoricoside derivatives with no genotoxic potentials as JSH-VI-3, VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt). Also JSH-VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt) are non-mutagenic in MOLY assay, while JSH-II-3 is mutagenic at high concentration with the presence of metabolic activation system in both comet assay and MOLY assay. The selected derivatives (JSH-VI-3, VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt) are not mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. From results of chromosomal aberration assay, 6 h treatment of JSH-VI-3, VII-3 and VII-20 (sodium salt) were not revealed clastogenicity both in the presence and absence of S-9 mixture. Therefore, we suggests that JSH-VI-3, VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt), as the optimal candidates with both no genotoxic potential and IL-5 inhibitory effects must be chosen. To process the development into new anti-inflammatory drug of these derivatives, further investigation will need.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.80-96
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• 1992

This study was carried out in order to determin optimum irrigation requirements and water management practices for normal growth of dry field crops in reclaimed tidelands, and apply m planning of the irrigation projects. Desalinization experiments were performed by water management practices in the experimental field with high salt concentration, and growth experiments were conducted by irrigation point treatments using tomato and beet with relatively high salt tolerance. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows : 1. Leaching or rinsing-leaching method was found to be effective in desalinizing the reclaimed tideland with rather high permeability. In this case, the water requirement for desalinizing the root zone layer of 40cm in depth, was estimated to be 1,200mm in depth. 2.The gypsum treatment in the desalinization of reclaimed tidelands, was ineffective in water requirements ; however, it could produce the desired effect in the facility of desalinization and the shortening of desalinization period with the sustaining permeability, in case of the desalinization by leaching method. 3.The optimum irrigation point which maintains the salt concentration within salt tolerance and maximizes the crop yield in reclaimed tidelands of silt loam soil, was found to be pF 1.6 in tomato and pF 1.8 in beet. The interval of irrigation date within 2 days was proved to he effective in both cases. 4.The optimum irrigation requirement and the water reguirement for the prevention of salt rise during the growing period after transplanting, were estimated to be 602mm(6.7mm/day) and 232mm for tomato, respectively. 5.The optimum irrigation requirement and the water requirement for the prevention of salt rise during the growing period after transplanting, were estimated to be 261mm(3.7mm/day) and 66mm for beet, respectively.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.615-620
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• 2018

In order to analyze the healing effectiveness of rock salt cracks affected by the applied stresses and time, we used the ultrasonic technology to monitor the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) variations for different initial stress-damaged rock salts during self-healing experiments. The self-healing experiments were to create different conditions to improve the microcracks closure or recrystallized, which the self-healing effect of damaged salt specimens were analyzed during the recovery period about 30 days. We found that: The ultrasonic pulse velocity of the damaged rock salts increases rapidly during the first 9 days recovery, and the values gradually increase to reach constant values after 30 days. The damaged value and the healed value were identified based on the variation of the wave velocity. The damaged values of the specimens that are subject to higher initial damage stress are still keeping in large after 30 days recovery under the same recovery condition It is interesting that the damage and the healing were not in the linear relationship, and there also existed a damage threshold for salt cracks healing ability. When the damage degree is less than the threshold, the self-healing ratio of rock salt is increased with the increase in damage degree. However, while the damage degree exceeds the threshold, the self-healing ratio is decreased with the increase in damage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of some legume species in salt-affected soils of South-East Anatolian region using chemical composition and in vitro gas production kinetics. In this study, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa were sown and tested in four different locations. A 3 by 4 factorial design with 3 legume species and 4 salt levels (non salty electrical conductivity (EC)<4 dS/m; low salt: 4 dS/m>EC<8 dS/m, medium saline: 8 dS/m>EC<16 dS/m and high salt: 16 dS/m>EC) was used in the study. Results indicated that salinity and plants had no significant effect on ash and ether extract. Dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake (DMI) were affected by plant, salinity and plant${\times}$salinity interaction. On the other hand neutral detergent fiber, relative feed value (RFV), and DMI were affected by salinity and plant${\times}$salinity interaction. Mineral contents were affected by plant species, salinity and salinity${\times}$plants interactions. In vitro gas production, their kinetics and estimated parameters such as were not affected by salinity whereas the gas production up to 48 h, organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy lactation ($NE_L$) were affected by plant and plant${\times}$salt interaction. Generally RFVs of all species ranged from 120 to 210 and were quite satisfactory in salty conditions. Current results show that the feed value of Medicago sativa is higher compared to Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium alexandrinum.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.661-665
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• 2013

ITO glass 제조공정에서 발생되는 인듐스크랩으로부터 인듐옥살산염의 제조에서 유기산의 영향을 연구하였다. 유기산의 종류, 농도 그리고 반응액의 pH, 온도, 시간 등을 변화시키면서 인듐옥살산염 제조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 불순물 제거 효율은 구연산 및 옥살산 모두 비슷하였으나 구연산은 인듐과 유기산염을 형성하지 못하였다. 인듐옥살산염 제조의 최적 조건은 옥살산 농도 1.5M, pH 7, 반응온도 $80^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 6시간이었다. 한편, pH가 증가하면 회수율은 증가하지만, 순도는 감소하였다. 2회 반복으로 제조된 인듐옥살산염의 순도는 99.995% (4N5)를 나타내었다. 인듐옥살산염은 치환반응, 소성 등에 의해 인듐금속 및 인듐산화물 등으로 전환할 수 있다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.96-110
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to develop soil salt prediction model for the estimation of irrigation water requirements for dry field crops in reclaimed tidelands. The simulation model based on water balance equation, salt balance equation, and salt storage equation was developed for daily prediction of sa]t concentration in root zone. The data obtained from field measurement during the growing period of tomato were used to evaluate the applicability of this model. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The optimum irrigation point which maximizes the crop yield in reclaimed tidelands of silt loam soil while maintaining the salt concentration within the tolerance level, ws found to be pF 1.6, and total irrigation requirement after transplanting was 602mm(6.7 mm/day)for tomato. 2.When the irrigation point was pF 1.6, the deviation between predicted and measured salt concentration was less than 4 % at the significance level of 1 7% 3.Since the deviations between predicted and measured values data decrease as the amount of irrigation water increases, the proposed model appear to be more suitable for use in reclaimed tidelands. 4.The amount of irrigation water estimated by the simulation model was 7.2mm/day in the average for cultivating tomato at the optimum irrigation point of pF 1.6.The simulation model proposed in this study can be generalized by applying it to other crops. This, model, also, could be further improved and extended to estimate desalinization effects in reclaimed tidelands by including meteorological effect, capillary phenomenon, and infiltration.