• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2017

A 4-month-old, female Maltese dog was referred with continuous heart murmur. Patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed via radiography and echocardiography. The patient was untreated because of client's refusal. After 13 months, the dog was referred again with seizure and salivation. Laboratory examination revealed increased liver enzymes, hyperammonemia and decreased total cholesterol and total protein. Microhepatica was identified on abdominal radiography. CT angiography showed a shunt vessel that originated from the portal trunk to the prehepatic caudal vena cava and patent ductus arteriosus connecting proximal descending aorta with the main pulmonary artery. No portal vasculature toward liver is observed after shunt vessel. The patient was diagnosed as concurrent patent ductus arteriosus and congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with suspected portal vein aplasia. In human, cardiac malformations are frequently observed in patients with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with portal vein aplasia. This report described concurrent patent ductus arteriosus and congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with suspected portal vein aplasia in a dog.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.394-398
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• 1998

This study was performed to assess clinical signs, sedative effect and clinicschemical profile of a mixture of fentanyl-azapemne-xylazine(Fentazine$^{(R)}$) in formed elk Twelve male elk(Cervus canadensis) were immobilized with Fentazine, and blood samples were taken of femoral venous blood. Samples were analyzed in the conditions of 10- and 30-minute after administration of the drug. Heart rates, respiratory rates, and body temperatures were in normal ranges during Fentazine anesthesia. After iqiection of Fentazine, most of elk were recumbency and did not respond to needle prick In young adult(3.5.4.5 years old) elk a high dose(>3.0 ml/head) of Fentazine does not result in more sedation, but it does prolong the duration of sedative effect. Fentazine induced sufficient analgesia far velvet antler removal and hoof trimming in elk Salivation, urination, intermittent apnea and mild bloat were observed in elk Globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus values were in normal ranges for at least 30 minutes after Fentazine administration. Total protein, albumins cortisol and prothrombin values were slightly increased during sedation(p<0.05). It was concluded that Fentazine is effective analgesic drug being useful for velvet antler removal and hoof trimming.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)-like symptoms salivation, gait disorder, and the downer syndrome occurred to 8 heads of cattle at six cattle farms in Gyeonju, east eastern Gyeongsang province in 2013. Eight brain tissue samples using a vibration saw (Multimaster$^{(R)}$ FEIN, Germany) were collected referring to "The brain removal technique of transmisible spongiform encephalopathy sampling DVD" by Animal And Plant Quarantine Agency. Brain removal techinque using a vibration saw on the thick, solid frontal bone of cattle is more convenient for incision and removal than an ax for BSE testing.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2016

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a unique idiopathic nonsuppurative inflammatory disease of central nervous system in small-sized breed dogs. A 9-year-old intact male Shih-Tzu dog with anorexia, vomiting, salivation and intermittent seizures was submitted to the Jeju National University for diagnosis. Grossly, there were no obvious lesions in the brain, except dilatation of most blood vessels in meninges. Histopathologically, brain revealed severe multifocal nonsuppurative inflammation in perivascular area of meninges and cerebral cortex. Some areas of cerebral parenchyma were replaced with lots of macrophages contained periodic acid-Schiff positive materials. Many new-formed blood vessels were observed around the necrotic regions using Gomori reticulum stain. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were negative for toxoplasmosis and canine distemper virus. Based on the gross, histopathologic features and antigen detection methods, this case was diagnosed as NME. Here we reported the NME in relatively uncommon breed, Shih-Tzu dog, than other small breed dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess clinical signs, sedative and physiologic effects of a combination of fentanyl, azaperone and xylazine (F-A-X). The experiments were divided into four groups; xylazine 0.1mg/kg (X 0.1), F-A-X 0.05 MG/KG (F-A-X 0.05), F-A-X 0.1 MG/KG (F-A-X 0.1) and F-A-X 0.2mg/kg (F-A-X 0.2). Heart rates were decreased in all groups. Respiratory rates were decreased in other groups, but increased in F-A-X 0.2. Body temperatures were in normal ranges. After administration of F-A-X, most of cattle were recumbency and did not respond to needle prick. Duration of sedation was prolonged with increasing dosages. F-A-X did not induce sufficient analgesia for dehorning. Side effects were salivation and urination in all, but they were much less in F-A-X groups than those in X 0.1. Intermittent apnea and bloat were observed in F-A-X 0.2. Serum chemistry values were in normal ranges exvept for hyperglycemia invreased thorough experimental time. Based on above results, it may be concluded that F-A-X is effective preanesthetic with low dosage of 0.05~0.1 mg/kg being useful for immobilization or manipulation without tissue incision in cattle.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.747-751
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• 1993

During the period from April 1991 to July 1992 clinical, hematological, and pathohistological findings of Holstein-friesian calves 47 with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency(BLAD, immunologically ascertained), which were referzed to the clinic for diseases of cattle, veterinary school, Hannover, were described. Most cases show poor body condition, rough and dry in haircoat, salivation, gingivitis, reduction of gingiva and alveolar bone, exposing the incisors' necks, loss of teeth, phlegmonous subcutaneous swellings, ulcerated tongue, recurang fever, coughing, dyspnea, pharyngeal and laryngeal stertor, periodical diarrhea, impaired swallowing, placid and less painsensitive. Relevant laboratory findings are persistent leucocytosis(with more than 30,000 up to 150,000 cells per $mm^3$ of blood), marked neutrophilia(without "shift to the left"), hyperproteinemia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. At post-mortem the carcass of BLAD-affected calves is usually emaciated. All lymphnodes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract appear markedly activated(swollen). Lesions in the mouth(gingivitis, defective dentition, pulpitis/alveolar paraodontitis, ulcerated tongue), throat and larynx(inflammation/ulceration), and lungs(pneumonic foci) correspond to the clinical symptoms seen on the living animal. There may be ulcers on the prestomachal mucosa, hyperemia of the intestinal mucosa with hyperplasia of Peyer's patches, ulceration and/or intramural abscesses. The spleen shows follicular hyperplasia. Microscopically, both myeloand erythropoesis are markedly activated in the bone marrow ; capillaries in many organs show leucocytostasis.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.146-148
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• 2008

Phytolacca americana poisoning is a benign plant intoxication that causes gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Other signs and symptoms include diaphoresis, salivation, visual disturbance, and seizures or mental changes. We report two cases of patients who experienced confusion and abdominal pain, vomiting, and hematemesis after oral ingestion of pokeweed. A 60-year-old female with confusion and a 67-year-old female with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea were admitted to the emergency department after pokeweed poisoning. After supportive treatment of hydration and gastrointestinal medication, the two patients showed full recovery within 24 h and were discharged from the hospital.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.132-134
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• 2019

Green tobacco sickness is an illness caused by dermal exposure to nicotine. The common symptoms of the disease include dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, severe general weakness, fluctuations of blood pressure or heartbeat, abdominal cramping, chills, increased sweating, salivation, and difficulty breathing. A 79-year-old female arrived at the emergency room for an evaluation of sudden onset dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography of the brain did not show any relevant abnormal findings. Four days later, with supportive care, she said that she had harvested green tobacco for six hours on the day of admission and the tobacco harvest was the first time in her life. She sweated excessively during the hot and humid weather and the tobacco leaves were wet from rain the night before. The serum cotinine tested at five days of admission was 16ng/ml. She was diagnosed with acute nicotine poisoning by her clinical symptoms and the half-life of cotinine in the blood.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.290-293
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• 2018

Signalment: A dog which had been hit by car a month prior and had been experiencing recurrent pleural chyle effusion was referred to Chung-buk National University Animal Medical Center. The clinical signs included tachypnea and salivation. Results: Ultrasound-guided popliteal lymphography was performed. The computed tomography imaging revealed that the thoracic duct was ruptured and the lymph was leaking into the cranial mediastinal region. After this discovery, thoracic duct ligation was performed. The ultrasound-guided popliteal lymphography was repeated after the surgery. The second computed tomography imaging revealed that the thoracic duct rupture was resolved. Clinical relevance: We identified the etiology of chylothorax through the computed tomographic lymphography and imaged specific leakage areas. After surgery, the computed tomography imgaing confirmed the lymphatic flow modification and the treatment was successful.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to introduce a new in vitro method for evaluating the antimicrobial activity of toothpaste, reflecting the actual toothbrushing time and the dilution of toothpaste by salivation. We designed three experimental groups and one negative control group. The experimental groups were (1) 90 μL of toothpaste + 10 μL 1X phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 9/10 dilution group), (2) 50 μL of toothpaste + 40 μL 1X PBS (1/2 dilution group), and (3) 25 μL of toothpaste + 65 μL 1X PBS (1/4 dilution group). During toothbrushing, saliva is continuously secreted into the oral cavity and the toothpaste concentration is diluted over time during toothbrushing. Therefore, the 1/2 and 1/4 dilution experimental groups were added. The negative control group was toothpaste diluted 20,000-fold with 1X PBS. Miracle Fresh Doctor toothpaste and Streptococcus mitis KCOM 1350, Prevotella intermedia KCOM 1107, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum KCOM 1322, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans KCOM 1306 were used as the toothpaste and target bacterial strains, respectively. The number of bacterial cells plated on agar plates in the negative control group was 1,000 CFU. If the number of colonies on the experimental group plate was less than one, the treatment was considered to have > 99.9% bactericidal activity. These results suggest that this new in vitro method for antimicrobial evaluation could be used as the standard method for testing the antimicrobial activity of toothpaste.