• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.91-109
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• 2007

This paper intends to examine the antecedents to the ex-post supply price cut which is typical retailer's unfair trade practices from three perspectives such as market power, efficiency, and retailer's tendency. For the empirical research, we analyzed manufacturer's 79 key account managers who have traded with domestic discount stores. As a result, the harder a retailer tries to increase sales and margin simultaneously, the more the retailer tends to use the ex-post supply price cut against manufacturers. In addition, the most frequent pattern of ex-post supply price cut occurs after retailer's discount at discretion. Finally, we suggest this research's implications, limitations of this research with future research directions.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to investigate the actual conditions of the manufacturer's design processes. Questionnaires were sent out, and 57 interviews were used as research methods including designers, programmers, and merchandisers working for a knit manufacturer in Seoul, followed by a frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0. The results are as follows: knitted fabric goods were the top choices in casual wear. Brand image depended on 'elegance', 'modernity', and 'romanticism', among other lifestyle pursuits. The distribution ratio of the 'basic' and the 'trendy' knit was at 3:7 or 7:3, while the ratio of 6:4 or 4:6 was more common. Knit structure was proven to be the most important factor in the changes in designs. Style and yam ranked second and third, respectively. In addition, details (embroidery and beading), color, pattern, and processing were among the other factors, in order of importance. Based on the difficulty in designing and manufacturing knitted fabric goods, 'manufacturing cost:' 'lack of a manufacturing facility for small production,' and 'limited delivery time' were among the reasons cited in the questionnaire. These results appeared to have been caused by small-scale manufacturers or small-scale manufacturing facilities that made small volume production difficult. The results of the interviews on knitted fabrics that were most frequently used and with the highest sales volumes showed that plain, lace, links & links, miss, and 1:1 rib were ranked accordingly for S/S use, while jacquard, cable, 1:1 rib, links & links, milano, plain, and half cardigan were ranked accordingly for F/W use.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.444-460
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate life style and various clothing purchasing behaviors of female consumers, and to analyze the differences of life style and clothing purchasing behaviors by 3 age groups(adolescence, middle age, and senescence). The subjects were 750 adult women aged from twenties to sixties who live in Daejeon and Chungnam province. The research method is a survey and research instruments consisted of life style questionnaire, clothing purchasing behaviors questionnaires, and demographic attribution. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, variance analysis, Duncan's multiple range test and $X^2$ test, using SPSS program. The research results are follows. First, 6 factors were emerged in life style(appearance-oriented, achieve-oriented, social life-oriented, economic- oriented, equality of sexes-oriented, and leisure- oriented). Second, 5 factors were emerged in shopping orientation(resonable shopping, conspicuous shopping, voluptuous shopping, devoted shopping, and convenient shopping). Third, clothing purchasing behaviors of adult women showed many differences by age groups. Adolescence women considered more criterion including design, price, and color or pattern, purchased their clothing by psychological reason such as fashion change, and used internet as important source of clothing, whereas senescence women purchased by physical reason such as body size change and functional trouble, used friend and sales person as important source of clothing, and purchased clothing at department store and old style market.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 1988

The aim of this study is to grasp the actual state of high school girls' clothing after liberalization of their uniform and to provide the reasonable guidance materials in clothing for both schools and homes. These are the results of the study 1. In the aspect of the favor of clothing and the interest in about clothes. a. They were fond of wearing "T" shirts, blue jeans in summer and pants and jackets in spring as their school wear. That implies that they enjoy wearing active and practical clothes. b. In the aspect of color, majority of them favored blue or similar colors, Also they had the tendency to love soft, simple clothe and more students preferred cloth without pattern. c. In their choice of them, they seldom paid attention to the informative-label are not their chief interest. d. More than half of girls prepare one or two suits in advance in a season, and they would prepare them deliberately This implies that their everyday life inclothing is based on the economic motive. 2. In the aspect of the purchasing clothes, a. Most of the girls bought them at the market and some of them at the direct-sales stall. b. when they purchased clothes, most girls were accompanied by their/mother and senior girls more often by their friends. c. The price and kinds of their favorite clothes such as "T" shirts and blouse was 5,000 won or so, and skirts, pants, one-piece and jackets are from the range of 5,000 won to below 10,000 won mostly. d. In regard to so-called brand-name items by popular designers, half of the girls responded that they wear some of such kinds of items because of superiority of sewing and longterm wearing, and the other half tend not to wear them due to high price.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to offer policies or laws governing the future of Korean seafood markets in view of societal marketing concept. The environment surrounding those markets is changing quickly and constantly. The proposals in this paper are meant to help the Korean seafood market coping with this swiftly changing environment. This paper sorts this changing environment in terms of institutional side and secio-economical side. The institutional side involves the enforcement of international and domestic seafood trade standards, the increase of seafood importation, the adoption of optional seafood sales system, the openness of distribution market, and the adoption of TAC system. The secio-economical side involves the development of telecommunication and transportation, and the changing of seafood consumption pattern. The forecast about the future of seafood market could be classified into three fields, that is, the production field, the distribution field, and the consumption field of seafood. In the production field of seafood, the stabilization of supply of seafood and the production management oriented seafood market could be forecasted. In the distribution field, the formulating of enforced trade standards, the dispersion of marketing function among fisher, wholesaler and retailer, the development of marketing skills, and the promotion of marketing information system could be forecasted. Finally, in consumption field, the promotion of standardization and diversification, the appearance of intellectual consumers could be forecasted. This paper seeks to offer policies or laws fur the three categories of the seafood market-the government, the fisher, and the distributor-coping with the changing environment on the above three fields, thereby benefiting the consumer's long-term welfare. For the government, this paper suggests the construction of a Seafood Transaction Information Infrastructure, a Seafood Dealer License System, and a Seafood Safety Security System. For the fishers, this paper proposes an Eco-labelling System, a Sustainable Production System, and a Real Naming System in dealing seafood. Finally, for the distributors, this paper offers a Seafood Production Controlling System, a Nature-friendly Marketing System, and a Consumer-oriented Marketing System.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

It is growing in size of database in companies. This caused to develope data mining techniques to predictive information from the large database. Costs and other effects can give variety of sales exploding through the analysis of the differences. Analysis of the various classification techniques, various angle can be analyzed point of view of the area information. The analysis of rules and patterns associated with a large amount of useful information from the database can be analyzed effectively. Goods store were analyzed using association rules, one of the data mining analysis techniques. Through this type of existing products according to analyze customer buying patterns, data mining has been studied to establish strategic marketing analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress pattern in different bone densities surrounding fin-type implant fixtures under the vertical and inclined loads ($30^{\circ}) of 200N. Von-Mises stress, the pricipal stress, and the displacement on the implant fixtures under the loads were calculated by using the finite element method. Four different types of bicon implant fixture were used for this study. The geometries of implant fixtures to develop the model were used by a sales brochure and profile project. Three-dimensional finite element model of the mandible was developed with 6.0 mm implant in diameter wurrounded by approximately 2.5 mm of bone. Bone densities were classified according to the elastic modulus of the tree. The finite element program MSC PATRAN (MSC, Software Corp., USA) were used for analysis of stress distribution. The value of the Von-Mises stress, the pricipal stress, and the displacement on the implant fixtures under the vertical and inclined loads were decreased when the diameter of implant fixture was increased, and increased when the elastic modulus was decreased. The stress on implant fixture under the vertical and inclined loads was distributed through the length of implant fixtures in D3 and D4. The distribution of stress was influenced by the direction of loads. In the wide diameter of implants, the stress was developed at outer surface of bone. In conclusion, this study suggest that stress developing on the peri-implant tissues might be influenced by the dimension of implant, elastic modulus of bone, and direction of loads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2016

Developed countries in agriculture like Netherlands, Belgium and England, have managed Green Care policy and project during the last decades. The needs in Green Care is also increasing as new growth power in rural area of Korea. This study investigated sites which are already operating as complex with Green Care theme. This study surveyed the operating conditions like type, scale, location pattern, purpose, customer and finance for cases of the complex. The period of the survey is from 2015. 8. 11 to 2015. 09. 10 for the 24 activated cases in aspect of operation and management. Among the 24 cases, 16 cases were classified as Green Care Complex which facilities are aggregated a place, and the other 8 cases as Green Care Cluster which are distributed at several places. The analysis result showed that there were apparent distinction among cases in total budget, costs of construction, capacity for guest, and the total number of annual visitors. Despite of the type and scale the accommodation cost, the number of workers, and amount of sales have small deviation in distribution of values, although the cases have various type of contents and scale of space. The result of this study can be used as data of bench marking to develop the Green Care Complex or Cluster in rural area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.184-192
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• 2015

Korea has already entered into an aging society. In recent decades, the health problems for seniors has received considerable interest. We often see the elderly who have been struggled from discomfort or illness of the foot. Those foot related problems mainly cause from the use of improper shoes. Recently, shoe makers sell the shoes for seniors, so called comfort shoes, but the shoes are too expensive for seniors to buy easily. In this paper, we develop cheap insoles for seniors as an alternative of the comfort shoes and suggest the systematic process for the insoles development. This systematic process is as follows: 1) Survey the literature about the market of insole, 2) Investigate the standard size of body and foot for the seniors in Korea, 3) Analyze the customer needs by survey, 4) Study the walking pattern by experiments, and 5) Develop the novel insole for the seniors to relieve the inconveniences related with foot. From the newly developed insoles, the company B gains the sales increasing effect approximately 30% over through the increase in consumer satisfaction and company reputation and secures for intellectual property rights. Using the database from Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, the reliability of developing technology of the functional insole has been obtained. The seniors are also enable to choose an alternative of comfort shoes for foot health. In the future, the insoles developed from this study have wide applications in the medical, cosmetic fields, and leisure sports fields. Accordingly, it seems to require more systematic studies utilizing Walk Analyzer and Foot Pressure Meter.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.595-607
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• 2021

Purpose: This study introduces a systematic framework to evaluate service satisfaction of cosmetic brands through online review analysis utilizing Text-Mining technique. Methods: The framework assumes that the service satisfaction is evaluated by positive comments from online reviews. That is, the service satisfaction of a cosmetic brand is evaluated higher as more positive opinions are commented in the online reviews. This study focuses on two approaches. First, it collects online review comments from the top 50 global cosmetic brands and evaluates customer service satisfaction for each cosmetic brands by applying Sentimental Analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Second, it analyzes the determinants that induce or influence service satisfaction and suggests the guidelines for cosmetic brands with low satisfaction to improve their service satisfaction. Results: For the satisfaction evaluation, online review data were extracted from the top 50 global cosmetic brands in the world based on 2018 sales announced by Brand Finance in the UK. As a result of the satisfaction analysis, it was found that overall there were more positive opinions than negative opinions and the averages for polarity, subjectivity, positive ratio, and negative ratio were calculated as 0.50, 0.76, 0.57, and 0.19, respectively. Polarity, subjectivity and positive ratio showed the opposite pattern to negative ratio, and although there was a slight difference in fluctuation range and ranking between them, the patterns are almost same. Conclusion: The usefulness of the proposed framework was verified through case study. Although some studies have suggested a method to analyze online reviews, they didn't deal with the satisfaction evaluation among competitors and cause analysis. This study is different from previous studies in that it evaluates service satisfaction from a relative point of view among cosmetic brands and analyze determinants.