• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 1992

Pharmacologic coronary vasodilation in conjunction with myocardial scintigraphy has become an accepted alternative to dynamic exercise testing for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Although dipyridamole has traditionally been used for this purpose, it causes frequent side effect, which at times can be life-threatening. Moreover, dipyridamole dose not elicit maximal coronary vasodilation in a substantial number of patients receiving the usual i.v. dose. Adenosine is an endogenously produced compound that has significant effects as a coronary vasodilator and rapid onset action and extremely short half-life (< 10 seconds). The diagnostic accuracy and safety profile of adenosine $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial scintigraphy were evaluated and comparison with exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ was performed. Twenty-eight subjects underwent $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ imaging after adenosine infusion and exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ imaging. Adenosine was infused intravenously at a dose of 0.14mg/kg/body weight per minute for 6 min and MIBI was injected at 3 minute. Adenosine caused an incerease in heart rate ($64{\pm}12$ at baseline versus $74{\pm}16$ beats/min at peak effect, p<0.001), a mild decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a slightly increase in PR interval(p; NS). Side effects were reported in 92% of patients and were mostly mild in nature and promptly resolved within 1 or 2 minutes of termination of adenosine infusion. Facial flushing (53%), chest pain (36%), mild dyspnea (39%), headache (21%), throat discomfort (21%) were frequent symptoms. ST segment depression (> 1 mm) and second degree AV block in electrocardiography occured in 11% of the patients, respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity for individual coronary stenoses in 16 patients underwent coronary angiography were 88% and 95%, respectively. The agreement ratio of segmental perfusion between adenosine and exercise images was 92% (Kappa index=0.82). In conclusion, $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with intravenous adenosine is a feasible, safe and highly accurate noninvasive technique for the detection of coronary artery disease and results are at least comparable with those of exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ scintigraphy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.640-647
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• 2014

Infrared signature of aircraft exhaust plume is the critical factor for aircraft survivability. To improve the military aircraft survivability, the accurate prediction of infrared signature for the propulsion system is needed. The numerical analysis of thermal fluid field for nozzle inflow, free stream flow, and plume region is conducted by using the in-house code. Weighted Sum of Gray Gases Model based on Narrow Band with regrouping is adopted to calculate the spectral infrared signature emitted from aircraft exhaust plume. The accuracy and reliability of the developed code are validated in the one-dimensional band model. It is found that the infrared radiant intensity is relatively more strong in the plume through the analysis, the results show the different characteristic of the spectral infrared signature along the temperature, the partial pressure, and the species distribution. The continuous spectral radiant intensity is shown near the nozzle exit due to the emission from the nozzle wall.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2002.09b
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• pp.159-183
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• 2002

China is the country with more people and more land, faced with the pressure of population growth and land decrement. The potential of developing animal husbandry by increasing feed grain per capita is less and less. "Planting forage to feed livestock" is a sustainable industry with grain-saying, high efficiency, good quality and safety, accorded with the conditions of China. First, the natural, social and economical condition in southern area of China was analyzed, and the characteristics of production and utilization of forage were introduced in this paper. The natural condition in southern area of China was well suited for forage production. Forage was mainly planted on famland. Main herbage cultivars were annual or hibernal annual. Most of forage was directly utilized by herbivorous animal and fish. Second, The present situation, developmental trend and existing problems of forage industrialization were reviewed. The level of forage industrialization was low with a bright future. At present, the chief existing problems were lack of herbage cultivars of good quality, backward equipment, lagged techniques and low level of mechanization in forage processing with a short time and so on. Finally, the situation of production and utilization of forage was summarized.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.124-134
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• 2004

The major results of this study were as follows : 1. The percentage of nurses who know the complementary and alternative therapies was 50.1% Most of them(70.6%) acknowledged the therapies from newspapers, television and magazines. 2. The complementary and alternative therapy was perceived as effective by 64.9% of the nurses and as trusted by 60.2% of them The effective methods of the therapy are acupuncture herb medicine and massage. 3. Most of the nurses 93.4% experienced getting inquiries from patients or their guardians whether to use the therapies. 4. The complementary and alternative therapies was experienced by 38.9% of nurses and 7.1% of them use the therapies frequently 92.9% of patients and families were satisfied with the result 'Massage Therapy' was used the most with no side-effects and thus higher need of education for nurses. 5. They wanted to be trained for massage therapy finger-pressure, music therapy, acupuncture, aroma therapy in order. 6. Reliance on the complementary and alternative therapies, 75.2% of nurses completed the course trusted the therapies and the result of others uncompleted was similar as 52.2% Moreover both 79.5% of nurses completed it and 61.6% of the others said that the complementary and alternative therapy's nursing interventions is possible to develop. 7. It shows high relation to recognition having possibilities for applying and developing as the nursing intervention. if the confidence is as high as about the complementary and alternative therapies. Based of the results of this study as above this study proposes as follows. First, The nurses should understand mentality of the patients so that the nurses have to put in operation appropriate nursing intervention as accurate knowledge of the alternation therapies using to cancer patients for having on damages to patients from their rash using way. Furthermore, it is necessary to supply the special place and the professional nurses taking complete charge at them. Next politic interest and support from government are required to develop and practice systematic and resonable education programs for the complementary and alternative therapies. Moreover, it is necessary for nurses to be educated about the therapies continually. Finally, it is compulsory that the research and development for complementary and alternative therapies is needed. In addition, it has to be made standard and legal equipment for safety efficacy and theory about the therapies.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.383-392
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• 2015

In subsea tunnelling, prediction of the fractured zone (or water bearing zone) ahead of tunnel face saturated by seawater with high water pressure has been a key factor for safe construction. This study verified the feasibility of utilizing induced polarization (IP) survey at tunnel face for predicting the ground condition ahead of the subsea tunnel face. A pore model was proposed to compute chargeability in granular material, and the relationship correlating chargeability with the variables affecting the chargeability was derived from the model. Parametric study has been performed on the variables to figure out the most influential factors affecting the chargeability. The results of the parametric study show that the size of narrow pores ($r_1$) and the salinity of pore water are the most influential factors on chargeability. Laboratory tests were conducted on various types of ground condition by changing the salinity of pore water, the thickness of the fracture zone and the existence of gouge (weathered granite) within the joints of the fractured zone to figure out the effect of the ground characteristics on the IP phenomenon. Test results show that the chargeability of the fractured zone saturated by seawater increases if the joints in the fractured zone are filled with gouge since the infilled gouge will decrease the size of narrow pores ($r_1$).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1270-1276
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• 2005

When gas/particle partitioning of PAHs in the atmosphere approached an equilibrium state, the slope of linear regression between gas/particle partitioning coefficient($logK_p$) and subcooled liquid vapour pressure($logP_L^O$) was -1. But it was alleged that the slope of equilibrium state might not be -1 in real atmospheric environment due to heterogeneous characteristics of particulate matter. In This study, it would be found if gas/particle partitioning of PAHs segregated with particle size in equilibrium state was based on the hypothesis mentioned above. We have calculated the slopes of $logK_p$ v.s. $logP_L^O$ after collecting 10 set samples which consisted of particulate and vaporous phases. The slope was close to -1 in equilibrium states. But despite of equilibrium state, all slopes segregated with particle size were not close to -1 and those were gentler with larger particle size. The difference of slopes in equilibrium states was almost against the assumption of gas/particle partitioning theory. When the gas/particle partitioning was due to adsorption, the desorption enthalpy was different in each particle size. When it was absorption, the activity coefficient was different. The difference of desorption enthalpy and activity coefficient in each particle size indicate the heterogeneous characteristics of the bulk particle. This may be the reason for slope variation with particle size even though in an equilibrium state.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.615-622
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• 2020

Frangible bullets, which are shredded after impact on a target, reduce the possibility of both ricochet and unexpected injury in shooting training and in mission acts in dams, nuclear power plants, and cultural properties. Reducing the levels of hazardous materials in shooting ranges, such as lead, has become an important agenda for the government and environmental groups. In this study, the shape of a frangible bullet was designed for efficient shredding, and the safety and reliability were confirmed by actual firing under different process conditions. In addition, the physical characteristics, such as compaction pressure, density, and frangibility of each process, were compared by analyzing the microstructure of the sintered frangible bullet. The experiment revealed the smallest fragmentation after impact on the target under the following conditions: Cu-Sn 85:15; sintering temperature, 600℃; sintering time, one hour. Further development of the process conditions and experimental methods will contribute to the performance and environmental improvement of a frangible bullet.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

The sludge oils were produced necessarily in the ships operation, so that it will be the best way to manage the sludge oils inside ship itself from a viewpoint of the prevention of marine oil pollution from ship. The ultrasonic breaking systems which recycle the sludge oil from ship into usable oil to be brunt is recognized as a most possible recycling device. In this regards, the purpose of this study is to examine erosion damage on the SS400 specimen by cavitation and the effect of impact pressure generated from the demolition of the cavity of ultrasonic vibration in the marine sludge oil environment .. The erosion damage of specimen was investigated mainly on weight loss, weight loss rate and maximum erosion rate with variation of the oil temperature as well as the change of space between transducer horn and specimen. The experimental results showed that as the space between ultrasonic vibrator horn and specimen disk increased, the weight loss and weight loss rate decreased and the values were larger in SFO than in SLO. The experimental results can be useful to the development of sludge oil disposing systems and to consider a countermeasure for the prevention of erosion damages by cavitation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.369-376
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• 2019

Ship hydrodynamics in the confined waterways is challenging. When a ship is maneuvering in confined waterways, the hydrodynamic behavior may vary significantly because of the hydrodynamic interaction between the bottom of the ship hull and the seabed, or so-called shallow water effects. Thus, an accurate prediction of shallow water and bank effects is essential to minimizing the risk of the collision and the grounding of the ships. The hydrodynamic derivatives measured by the virtual captive model test provide a path to predicting the change in ship maneuverability. This paper presents a numerical simulation of captive model tests to predict the maneuverability of a ship in confined waterways. Also, straight and zig-zag simulation were conducted to predict the trajectory of a ship maneuvering in confined waterways. The results showed that the asymmetric flow around a ship induced by vicinity of banks causes pressure differences between the port and starboard sides and the trajectory of a ship maneuvering in confined waterways.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.600-608
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• 2017

The presence of piping in a levee body allows water seepage to occur by producing a large cavity or water tunnel within it, ultimately resulting in the failure of the river levee and differential settlement. In order to properly cope with river levee failure due to piping and establish a proper remediation method for this problem, it is necessary to analyze the failure mechanism of the river levee due to piping. Therefore, this study analyzed the shape and mechanism of river levee failure due to piping through small-scale and large-scale models and evaluated the seepage pressure distribution characteristics in the hydraulic well, which has been suggested as a remediation method for piping. According to the results of this study, as the safety factor for the piping in the river levee decreased, the river levee failure shape was more clearly shown through the small-scale model test. In the large-scale model test, the type of local damage to the levee due to the piping was identified and the evaluation showed that the hydraulic well had the largest effect on the inhibition of piping below the center of the well. A follow-up study is needed to confirm the reliability of the results. However, it is thought that this study can be utilized as the baseline data for research into the piping-induced river levee failure mechanism and for the preparation of a remediation method.