• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1990

This problem in this paper concerns the determination of safety stock for multi-echelon invenetory system. In this model the criterion is to minimize system safety stock subject to a service level constraint and expected annual total cost. Then, safety stock is determined by minimizing expected annual total cost and satisfying given service level. This expected annual total cost is obtained by expected total inventory holding cost plus the expected total stockout cost. Numerical example is given in a three-echelon inventory system. The results obtained by the use of the Hill Algorithm.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to examine the relationships between nurse's perception of patient safety culture and performance for safety nursing activities at rehabilitation hospitals. Methods: This study applied a descriptive research design. Participants were 194 nurses who have provided nursing services for more than 6 months at 4 rehabilitation hospitals located in B metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: There was a positive correlation between the awareness of patient safety culture and safety nursing activity. Multivariate analysis showed that hospital work environment, experience of education, hospital climate, frequency of reported events, and marital status were significantly associated with the safety nursing activity. Overall, approximately 23.1% of total variability in the safety nursing activity could be explained by the 5 variables ($R^2=0.231$, p<.005). Conclusion: Nurses at rehabilitation hospitals are relatively positive about patient safety culture. Therefore, we need to develop safety education programs at the level of organization in order to improve patient safety through performing effective safety nursing activities in addition to increase awareness of patient safety culture among nurses. Furthermore, we need hospital's strategies at the system level for open communication and outcome reports regarding patient safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2015

Fire fighter are exposed to the situations which are hard to predict due to continuous and accidental changes which hinder their fire fighting activity. As these threats of safety accident act as fear factors, they are doing insecure fire fighting activities. Therefore, as unclear and abnormal risks of working environment such as the riskiness of expansion of disaster, instability, obstacles of activities, abnormality, urgency, etc. increase, safety accidents are caused. This study analyzes the actual condition of safety and health and awareness of fire fighter who are exposed safety accidents during their fire fighting activities and utilize such result as the basis data to secure safety of fire fighter, keep efficient safety control and prevent accidents. The results of analysis are as follows. As rescue works among all fire-fighting works shows the highest emotional stabilization and the highest post-traumatic stress disorder is shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is 10-15 years, reinforcing safety training to long-term workers is necessary. As the result of survey regarding safety awareness, the highest awareness level was shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is over 20 years, and when it comes to operation of fire fighting equipments, fire-fighting workers and workers having 1-4 years of working period showed high safety awareness. The more serious injury in a fire fighter experienced as the first injury after working as a fire-fighter, the more cause-and-effect relationship was shown between personal physical condition and work, and it is shown as obstacles of fire fighting activities and affects to post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, as after-work off duty activities also affect to official disaster, systematic improvement of working environment is required. Occupational medical work compatibility evaluation considering the distinct characteristics of works to secure fire-fighter' health care together with fire-fighting capability is shown to be necessary.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2016

The objectives of this study is to develop evaluation indicators for the quantitative evaluation of construction safety culture level in order to prevent accidents by evaluating the level of safety culture and each safety culture elements of the construction site and to present the areas that should be focused on improvements. In this study, it was presented assessment indicators of the construction safety culture by analyzing previous studies for safety culture, by categorizing items as an important element of safety culture hierarchically and by reflecting the opinion of the construction site professional personnels using AHP analysis methodology. The assessment indicators of the construction safety culture were structured the details of the leadership, systems, and personal characteristics and derived weighted value by the pairwise comparison to quantify the detail assessment indicators in order to assess the construction safety culture level. This study presents a safety culture assessment indicators for the construction site to suggest directions for improving the construction site safety culture and prevent the accidents of the construction site by derived via a safety culture assessment of construction site.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

It is becoming more and more important to develop safety-critical systems with special attention. Examples of the safety-critical systems include the mass transportation systems such as high speed trains, airplanes, ships and so forth. Safety critical issues can also exist in the development of atomic power plants that are attracting a great deal of attention recently as oil prices are sky-rocketing. Note that the safety-critical systems are in general large-scale and very complex for which case the effects of adopting the systems engineering (SE) approach has been quite phenomenal. Furthermore, safety-critical requirements should necessarily be realized in the design phase and be effectively maintained thereafter. In light of these comments, we have considered our approach to developing safety-critical systems to be based on the method combining the systems engineering and safety management processes. To do so, we have developed a design environment by constructing a whole life cycle model in two steps. In the first step, the integrated process model was developed by integrating the SE (ISO/IEC 15283) and systems safety (e.g., hazard analysis) activities and implemented in a computer-aided SE tool environment. The model was represented by three hierarchical levels: the life-cycle level, the process level, and the activity level. As a result, one can see from the model when and how the required SE and safety processes have to be carried out concurrently and iterately. Finally, the design environment was verified by the computer simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.130-135
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• 2003

This study is planned to investigate the compliance of small sized enterprises of under 5 employees directed by Industrial Safety and Health Act. Occupational safety regulation can be required for employer and employee to comply because that all members of workplace should be involved to protect worker's health. When all members of workplace comply with safety regulation, effectiveness of regulation will be realized as expectation. The study subject is composed of three groups as 501 employers, 501 employees of small sized enterprises of under 5 employees and 107 safety inspectors sampled by stratified random sampling for comparison. Data for analysis is collected from each sample using interview with structured questionnaires. Compliance is measured by 5 point scale composed by 8 sub items such as general perception, understanding, clearness, necessity, relevancy, implementation, penalty, and general compliance of the regulation. Among sub items of employer's compliance, the level of perception of regulation, necessity of regulation, relevancy of penalty are differentiated among three groups. The level of all 8 items of employee's compliance also differentiated among three groups. These results show that strategies for ensuring the same level of compliance among three groups will be needed through education, training and evaluation of regulation and feedback.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing trend of occupational accidents involving foreign workers. As the number of foreign workers continues to increase, the risk of occupational accidents is also on the rise. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive measures to prevent occupational accidents among foreign workers. To establish a common safety culture among foreign workers with varied backgrounds and educational experiences, and which is harmonized with Korean workplace. Safety communication, which includes culture respect and participation in the workplace, plays a significant role in shaping and developing the safety culture of foreign workers. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of safety culture in workplace employing foreign workers by analyzing the reliability and validity of factors such as 'occupational accident awareness' and 'safety communication,' which constitute the safety culture at these workplace. Additionally, the mediating effect of 'work proficiency' on the relationship between 'safety communication' and the level of improvement in 'occupational accident awareness' using the validation method proposed by Baron & Kenny(1986). As a result of statistical analysis, The influence of'safety communication'on'occupational accident awareness'is 𝛽=0.339, and it has been found that this influence decreases to 𝛽=0.113 when'work proficiency'is introduced, indicating partial mediation.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2018

Delphi technique is widely used to develop consensus on group opinion. It is important to identify the strategic technologies and evaluate technology level for the establishment of national R&D policy to upgrade technology level. The aim of this article was to reflect on Food Safety technology level by using Delphi methodology. And, competitiveness of patents and journal articles is evaluated for Korea, USA, Japan, China and EU. As a result, USA is the most competitive country for all technology categories. The average technology level of Korea was 79.5% of world-top coungry and average technological gap was 6.1 years. Korea is grouped in middle-lower class for overall food safety technology level. However, there are some variances among the level of technologies. As a result of this study, food safety research management needs to expand R&D investment and training of food safety specialist. The results of this research can be utilized to establish a road map for transportation R&D and plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.12-17
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• 2017

Manned aircraft structural design is based on structural safety factor of 1.5, and this safety factor is equivalent to a probability of failure of between 10-2 and 10-3. The target failure probability of FARs is between 10-6 and 10-9 per flight according to aircraft type. NATO released STANAG 4703 to established the airworthiness requirements for small UAV which is less than 150kg. STANAG 4703 requires the Target Level of Safety according to MTOW. The requirements of failure probability for small UAV is between 10-4 and 10-5. In this paper, requirements of airworthiness certification for small UAV were investigated and the relationship of safety factors to the probability of structural failure is analyzed to reduce measure of safety factor and structural weight of unmanned aircraft.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.433-436
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• 2007

We analyzed the sloped ground safety factor, which is not presented in the design specification, using a computational analysis program L-Pile Plus 13.8. To achieve this we chose a required parameter set and a level ground safety factor presented in the design specification, and then determined its values comparing with the change of the safety factor according to the parameter. Using these parameters, we estimated the sloped ground safety factor for the slope of 35 degrees considering the improvement value of the slope presented in the design specification. As a result of this analysis, we obtained the smaller safety factor by about 0.7 times than the case of the level ground and verified that a number of concrete poles fail to assure 1 degree of the safety factor. We, therefore, concluded that an adjustment of the embedment depth is required in the case of the sloped ground.