• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.90-96
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to develop a model for safe work load based on a physiological model of metabolic energy of manual material handling tasks. Fifteen male subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Lifting activities with four different weights, 0, 8, 16, 24kg, and four different working frequencies (2, 5, 8, 11 lifts/min) for a lifting range from floor to the knuckle height of 76cm were considered. Oxygen consumption rates and heart rates were measured during the performance of sixteen different lifting activities. Simplified predictive equations for estimating the oxygen consumption rate and the heart rate were developed. The oxygen consumption rate and the heart rate could be expressed as a function of task variables; frequency and the weight of the load, and a personal variable, body weight, and their interactions. The coefficients of determination ($r^2$) of the model were 0.9777 and 0.9784, respectively, for the oxygen consumption rate and the heart rate. The model of oxygen consumption rate was modified to estimate the work load for the given oxygen consumption rate. The overall absolute percent errors of the validation of this equation for work load with the original data set was 39.03%. The overall absolute percent errors were much larger than this for the two models based on the US population. The models for the oxygen consumption rate and for the work load developed in this study work better than the two models based on the US population. However, without considering the biomechanical approach, the developed model for the work load and the two US models are not recommended to estimate the work loads for low frequent lifting activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.192-198
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• 1999

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major source of employee disability and lost wages. Cumulative Trauma Disorders(CTD) refers to a category of physical conditions which result from chronic musculoskeletal injury. Assessment of CTD risk in industry at early stage allows for early control, a safe environment, and a healthier workforce. In this study, the physical load of the shipping work in the cold storage warehouse were especially investigated. Employees were working with almost unnatural posture in a very restricted work space. The questionnaire and biomechanical analysis were used to evaluate the physical load. Results from analyses showed that they were sufficiently exposed to CTD due to repetition and unnatural posture. Based on the analysis, ways for improving working conditions are proposed. The analysis and proposals in this paper will serve as a basic tool for designing/redesigning working environment such as improvement of tools and equipments, design of times for work/rest cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Formwork is a temporary structure that supports its weight and that of fresh concrete as well as construction live loads. Scaffoling is a temporary frame used to support people and material in the construction or repair of buildings and other large structures. It is usually a modular system of metal pipes, although it can be made out of other materials. Bamboo is still used in some Asian countries like China. The purpose of a working scaffold is to provide a safe place of work with safe access suitable for the work being done. In construction site, steel pipes are usually used as scaffolds. In this study, scaffolding systems which is changed according to sleeper and joist space were measured by buckling test. Buckling load of respective scaffolding system was analyzed by structural analysis program(MIDAS). Buckling load of scaffold with/without wall connection and footboard was got by test and structural analysis. According to these results，we know that scaffolding system of case 3 is suitable. Buckling load of scaffold with wall connection is higher than without wall connection. So wall connection is important in scaffoling systems. Footboard in the scaffolding systems is not effective against promotion of buckling load. Finally, the present study results will be used to design scaffolding systems safely in the construction sites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 2024

Type A carrier structures that support blocks or equipment gradually deform over time with load changes, reducing the area in contact with the block and changing the load pattern from distributed to concentrated during construction work in the shipyard. This phenomenon has the potential to misrepresent actual service loads. In particular, A carriers are often used by small manufacturers, who often do not have specialized engineering capabilities, necessitating the development of a method for easy calculation of carrier safe working load. This study proposes a quick evaluation method for the long-term safe working load of Type A carriers, to predict the plastic deformation and safety issues resulting from changes in load distribution. Based on the results of finite element analysis (beam and shell modeling) of the centralized load, beam-theory was modified to propose a method for determining the distributed load conditions of the A-carrier. In beam modeling, the theoretical value was multiplied by a correction factor of 0.73 for concentrated loads and 0.69 for distributed loads to obtain a safe working load. For shell modeling, a correction factor of 0.75 can be used for concentrated loads and 0.69 for distributed loads. This study can serve as a basis for improving the safety of shipbuilding, enabling quick and effective decisions for determining safe working loads in actual working environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.148-153
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• 2005

Computer dominated jobs and industrial automation have rapidly created work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and WMSDS are expanding to employee of other general industry. Specific risk factors associated with WMSDs include repetitive motion, heavy lifting, forceful exertion, contact stress, vibration awkward posture and rapid hand and wrist movement. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the neck muscle workload according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. Seven male students participated in this study. To analyze neck muscle workload was studied on electromyographic(EMG) activity for sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, was subjectively rated using a Borg's CR-10 scale. ANOVA showed that the CR-10 ratings and most EMG root-mean-square (RMS) value were statistically significant improvement according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. The results of this study indicate the joint angle and weight of neck muscle workload to provide safe working conditions. To reduce the large number and severity of WMSDs employees have been experiencing, we need to redesign the job in workplace to identify and control hazards that are reasonably likely to be causing or contributing to the WMSDs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.288-293
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the key factors in designing a three-wheeled two-row soybean reaper (riding type) that is suitable for soybean production, and ensure worker safety by proposing optimal work conditions for the prototype of the designed machine in relation to the slope of the road. Methods: A three-wheeled two-row soybean reaper (riding type) was designed and its prototype was fabricated based on the local soybean-production approach. This approach was considered to be closely related to the prototype-designing of the cutter and the wheel driving system of the reaper. Load distribution on the wheels of the prototype, its minimum turning radius, static lateral overturning angle, tilt angle during driving, and The working and rear overturning (back flip) angle were measured. Based on the gathered information, investigations were conducted regarding optimal work conditions for the prototype. The investigations took into account driving stability and worker safety. Results: The minimum ground clearance of the prototype was 0.5 m. The blade height of the prototype was adjusted such that the cutter was operated in line with the height of the ridges. The load distribution on the prototype's wheels was found to be 1 (front wheel: F): 1.35 (rear-left wheel: RL): 1.43 (rear-right wheel: RR). With the ratio of load distribution between the RL and RR wheels being 1: 1.05, the left-to-right lateral loads were found to be well-balanced. The minimum turning radius of the prototype was 2.0 m. Such a small turning radius was considered to be beneficial for cutting work on small-scale fields. The sliding of the prototype started at $25^{\circ}$, and its lateral overturning started at $39.3^{\circ}$. Further, the critical slope angle for the worker to drive the prototype in the direction of the contour line on an incline was found to be $12.8^{\circ}$, and the safe angle of slope for the cutting was measured to be less than $6^{\circ}$. The critical angle of slope that allowed for work was found to be $10^{\circ}$, at which point the prototype would overturn backward when given impact forces of 1,060 N on its front wheel. Conclusions: It was determined that farmers using the prototype would be able to work safely in most soybean production areas, provided that they complied with safe working conditions during driving and cutting.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 1999.02a
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• pp.185-188
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• 1999

KSTAR cryostat is a large vacuum vessel that provides the necessary thermal barrier between the ambient temperature test cell and the liquid helium cooled magnets. In this work, the structural analyses for the cryostat under the normal operation condition were performed. As a result, it turns out that the vessel would be safe when it is exposed to normal operation loads, such as system weight, vacuum pressure, and plasma vertical disruption load. And, the preliminary result on the modal analysis is presented.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

Fall-arrest system have been widely applied to provide a safe stop during fall incidents for occupational activities. This research object to evaluate the energy capacity of fall arrest shock energy absorber lanyard in relation to the used super fiber. In this work, shock energy absorber lanyard was prepared using high tenacity PET, high tenacity PET/P-aramid and high tenacity PET/UHMWPE, respectively. Dynamic load and static load tests based on the Korea fall protection equipment standard(Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency standard 2013-13) were conducted. Maximum arrest force by dynamic load test of shock energy absorber showed below 6,000N. Also, static strength by static load test of lanyard and rope remains 15,000N and 22,000N for 1 min.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Recently the wind energy has been alternatively used as a renewable energy resource instead of the mostly used fossil fuel due to its lack and environmental issues. This work is to propose a structural design and analysis procedure for development of the low noise 100W class small wind turbine system which will be applicable to relatively low speed region like Korea and for the domestic use. Structural analysis including load cases, stress, deformation, buckling, vibration and fatigue life was performed using the Finite Element Method, the load spectrum analysis and the Miner rule. In order to evaluate the designed structure, the structural test was carried out and its test results were compared with the estimated results. In addition, the blade should be safe from the impact damage due to FOD(Foreign Object Damage) including the bird strike. In order to analize the bird strike penomena on the blade, MSC. Dytran was used, and the applied method Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian was evalud by comparison with the previous study results.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

The research is to verify by experiments whether the steel truss structure is able to withstand the load of cement bricks of upper part of a door for the safe use of lightweight steel truss structure instead of concrete lintel which is to be installed at upper part of door frame in building cement bricks for apartment construction. The steel truss is designed in order not to disturb bricks-building and the shape of structure was verified by bending test. According to experiments result, camber was applied to steel structure that enabled construction work to be improved and was proved effective for the prevention of accidents by cement bricks-building load test.