• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 1989

This study was conducted to find out the optimum fertilizer level for three flax varieties Wiera, Stoment-Goss and Taijungsun#l from the winter cropping on drained paddy field of new experimental field in Muan at 6 compositions of fertilizer levels. Maturation dates was delayed in dressing plots, that was delayed to 3 or 4 days in Wiera and Stoment -Goss, 1 or 2 days in Taijungsun#l and it was early in Wiera and Stoment-Goss, 1 or 2 days in Taijungsun#l and it was early in the non dressing plot. Stem length was longest, oil content was increased, stem and seed yield were heaviest at the compositions of fertilizer amounts with N-P$_2$O$\sub$5/-K$_2$O were 8-6-4 Kg/10a. Maturation dates, Stem length, Oil content, Stem yield and Seed yield showed significant difference between fertilizer level and showed positive correlation. Judging from the results reported above, in optimum fertilizer amounts for N-P$_2$O$\sub$5/-K$_2$O from the winter cropping on drained paddy field of new experimental field in Muan seemed to be 8-6-4 Kg /l0a

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2010

This study was carried out to quantify potential effects of the surrounding ocean on the observed air temperature at coastal weather stations in the Korean Peninsula. Daily maximum and minimum temperature data for 2001-2009 were collected from 66 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) stations and the monthly averages were calculated for further analyses. Monthly data from 27 inland sites were used to generate a gridded temperature surface for the whole Peninsula based on an inverse distance weighting and the local temperature at the remaining 39 sites were estimated by recent techniques in geospatial climatology which are widely used in correction of small - scale climate controls like cold air drainage, urban heat island, topography as well as elevation. Deviations from the observed temperature were regarded as the 'apparent' sea effect and showed a quasi-logarithmic relationship with the distance of each site from the nearest coastline. Potential effects of the sea on daily temperature might exceed $6.0^{\circ}C$ cooling in summer and $6.5^{\circ}C$ warming in winter according to this relationship. We classified 25 sites within the 10 km distance from the nearest coastline into 'coastal sites' and the remaining 15 'fringe sites'. When the average deviations of the fringe sites ($0.5^{\circ}C$ for daily maximum and $1.0^{\circ}C$ for daily minimum temperature) were used as the 'noise' and subtracted from the 'apparent' sea effects of the coastal sites, maximum cooling effects of the sea were identified as $1.5^{\circ}C$ on the west coast and $3.0^{\circ}C$ on the east and the south coast in summer months. The warming effects of the sea in winter ranged from $1.0^{\circ}C$ on the west and $3.5^{\circ}C$ on the south and east coasts.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 1993

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) includes vasopressor neurons, which transmit activation signals to the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the spinal cord, where the preganglionic sympathetic nucleus is located, to raise arterial blood pressure (BP). However, controversy exists as to the possible depressor area in the RVLM and the pathway involved. The present study persued evidence far the location of depressor neurons and the pathway by simultaneously observing changes in BP and the firing rate (FR) of cardiovascular neurons (CVNs) in the RVLM during the somatosympathetic reflex (SSR) elicited by peripheral nerve stimulation, since CVNs are known to contribute to the generation of the sympathetic nerve discharge. In 42 cats, anaesthetized with $\alpha-chloralose$, single unit recording was performed, using carbon filament electrodes inserted into the RVLM, enabling estimation of the post R wave unit histogram (PR-UNlT) and the spike triggered average of sympathetic nerve discharge (STA-SND), allowing identification of CVNs. Antidromic stimulation of spinal $T_2$ segment was followed to determine whether the identified CVN projects axonal endings to the spinal cord (reticulospinal neuron). The sciatic nerve was electrically stimulated at $A\delta-intensity$ (1 mA, 0.1 ms), 1 Hz and C-intensity (10 mA, 0.5 ms), 20 Hz to elicit the depressor, and pressor responses of the SSR, respectively. Simultaneous measurement of CVN firing rate was made. Experimental results are summarized as follows. 1) 20 out of 98 CVNs had axonal projections to the spinal cord and 17 out of 98 CVNs showed FR changes during SSR. 2) Response patterns of FR and BP during SSR were classified into 8 types. 3) These 8 different response patterns could be further classified into those from pressor and depressor neurons. These results demonstrate that some CVNs were identifiable as reticulospinal neurons responding to anti-dromic stimulation and that CVNs operating as depressor neurons as well as pressor neurons exist in the RVLM, both of which are involved with SSR mediation. Therefore, evidence was found that an independent depressor pathway might be involved in the mediation of SSR.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.17-30
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to evaluate the lateral earth pressure and the stability of small scale retaining wall with waste foundry sand(WFS) mixtures as a controlled low strength materials (CLSM). Three different types of WFS, like Green WFS, Hurane WFS and Coated WFS, were used in this study, and fly ash of Class F type was adopted. To evaluate the lateral earth pressure and the stability of retaining wall, two different samll scale retaining wall tests, which are called an artificially controlled strain method and a natural strain method, were carried out. In case of an artificially controlled strain method, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure, just after backfilling of WF mixtures, was around 0.8 to 1.0, and most of earth pressure was dissipated within 12 hours. In case of a natural strain method, two steps of stage constructions were employed. The mixtures of Hurane WFS and Coated WFS showed fast decrease of earth pressure due to a relatively good drainage. Judging from the sta bility of retaining wall for overturning and sliding, two steps of stage construction for 2 days were enough to finish the backfill of 6-m height of retaining wall. Also, considering the curling effect of WFS mixtures, the stability of retaining wall increased as curling time increased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1980

Eight different weed community types growing in association with transplanted rice were identified in the experimental fields used in these studies. The Importance Value (LV.) of weed species growing in association with rice changed with time. The I. V. of Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook f. increased from 40 days after transplanting (DAT) until heading and then, decreased from heading to maturity of rice. However, the LV. of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.) Pres!. and Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda increased from 40 DAT to maturity while Scirpus maritimus L. decreased from 40 DAT. There was a high negative correlation between grain yield and weed weight at rice heading in all weed communities. The competitive ability of rice against weeds varied depending upon weed species. The highest yield decrease due to weed competition was obtained from the E. crus-galli ssp. hispidula-S. Maritimus community. Forty-two percent yield reduction was caused by competition of 100g dry weight of weeds per square meter of this community type at rice heading. The yield decrease for the same amount of weeds was 10% for the E. glabrescens community, 15% for the M vaginalis community and the M vaginalis-Scirpus supinus L. community and 21% for the M vaginalis-E. glabrescens-Fimbristylis littoralis Gaud.-S. maritimus community type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fire HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) procedure for full power operation of domestic NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants). For the development of fire HRA procedure, the recent research results of NUREG-1921 in an effort to meet the requirements of the ASME/ANS PRA Standard were reviewed. The K-HRA method, a standard method for HRA of a domestic level 1 PSA (Probabilistic Safety Assessment) and fire related procedures in domestic NPPs were reviewed. Based on the review, a procedure for the fire HRA required for a domestic fire PSA based on the K-HRA method was developed. To this end, HRA issues such as new operator actions required in the event of a fire and complexity of fire situations were considered. Based on the four kinds of HFE (Human Failure Event) developed for a fire HRA in this research, a qualitative analysis such as feasibility evaluation was suggested. And also a quantitative analysis process which consists of screening analysis and detailed analysis was proposed. For the qualitative analysis, a screening analysis by NUREG-1921 was used. In this research, the screening criteria for the screening analysis was modified to reduce vague description and to reflect recent experimental results. For a detailed analysis, the K-HRA method and scoping analysis by NUREG-1921 were adopted. To apply K-HRA to fire HRA for quantification, efforts to modify PSFs (Performance Shaping Factors) of K-HRA to reflect fire situation and effects were made. For example, an absence of STA (Shift Technical Advisor) to command a fire brigade at a fire area is considered and the absence time should be reflected for a HEP (Human Error Probability) quantification. Based on the fire HRA procedure developed in this paper, a case study for HEP quantification such as a screening analysis and detailed analysis with the modified K-HRA was performed. It is expected that the HRA procedure suggested in this paper will be utilized for fire PSA for domestic NPPs as it is the first attempt to establish an HRA process considering fire effects.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2011

An intensive analysis of 185 timings of WZ Cep, including our new three timings, was made to understand the dynamical picture of this active W UMa-type binary. It was found that the orbital period of the system has complexly varied in two cyclical components superposed on a secularly downward parabola over about 80y. The downward parabola, corresponding to a secular period decrease of $-9.{^d}97{\times}10^{-8}y^{-1}$, is most probably produced by the action of both angular momentum loss (AML) due to magnetic braking and mass-transfer from the massive primary component to the secondary. The period decrease rate of $-6.^{d}72{\times}10^{-8}y^{-1}$ due to AML contributes about 67% to the observed period decrease. The mass flow of about $5.16{\times}10^{-8}M_{\odot}y^{-1}$ from the primary to the secondary results the remaining 33% period decrease. Two cyclical components have an $11.^{y}8$ period with amplitude of $0.^{d}0054$ and a $41.^{y}3$ period with amplitude of $0.^{d}0178$. It is very interesting that there seems to be exactly in a commensurable 7:2 relation between their mean motions. As the possible causes, two rival interpretations (i.e., light-time effects (LTE) by additional bodies and the Applegate model) were considered. In the LTE interpretation, the minimum masses of $0.30M_{\odot}$ for the shorter period and $0.49M_{\odot}$ for the longer one were calculated. Their contributions to the total light were at most within 2%, if they were assumed to be main-sequence stars. If the LTE explanation is true for the WZ Cep system, the 7:2 relation found between their mean motions would be interpreted as a stable 7:2 orbit resonance produced by a long-term gravitational interaction between two tertiary bodies. In the Applegate model interpretation, the deduced model parameters indicate that the mechanism could work only in the primary star for both of the two period modulations, but could not in the secondary. However, we couldn't find any meaningful relation between the light variation and the period variability from the historical light curve data. At present, we prefer the interpretation of the mechanical perturbation from the third and fourth stars as the possible cause of two cycling period changes.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 1983

A series of sheps-of-opportunity sea sryface temperature (SST) measurement beween Jeju and Wando during a period from December 1979 through June 1981 produced following results. 1. A sihnificantly warm water appeared south of Chuja Island and Cheongsan Island during Island. It is suggested that this water represents a current entering the Jeju Strait from the west. Direction of this currint in other seasons is not certain. 2. Coastal waters were found north of the Cheongsan Island and Bogil Islhnd throughout the measurement period. In February these waters sometimes reached as far as Chuja Island to south. 3. Frequently thermal fronts were observed near the Chuja Island and the Cheongsan Island. 4. In summer cold waters appeared north of the Chuja Island and Changsu Island. Intrusion of cold bottom water from offshore and its subsequent vertical mixing due to strong tidal current are probably reponsible for this appearance. 5. Cold waters also appeared locally around islands and in ghe Jeju Harbor in spring and summer. 6. North-south SST difference reached 8-9$^{\circ}C$ in winter which is the annual maximum. 7. Annual range of SST varies from 12-14$^{\circ}C$ in the central part of the Jeju Strait to 16-20$^{\circ}C$ in coastal waters to north. The highest SST appeared everywhere in September but the lowest one did not appesr in the same month of year.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.206-212
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• 2009

We investigated the patterns of freeze injury in dormant 'Changhowon Hwangdo' peach fruit by observing the extent of browning and germination of the branches that were treated with freezing temperature sets simulating the process of natural freezing incidences in orchards. Under the treatment of freezing temperature of $-15^{\circ}C$, the browning ratios were 15% for flower bud and less than 3% for both leaf bud and cambium. Under the $-20^{\circ}C$ treatment, the browning ratios were 40% for both flower and leaf buds and 1% for cambium. The browning ratios were 86%, 68% and 40% respectively for flower bud, leaf bud, and cambium under the $-25^{\circ}C$ treatment. All the samples showed 100% browning ratio under the $-30^{\circ}C$ treatment. The budburst ratios of leaf buds were 85%, 66%, 32%, and 0% under the -15, -20, -25 and $-30^{\circ}C$ treatments, respectively. The branches of peach fruit treated with the same freezing temperature showed different responses depending on the sampling date. In January the browning ratio was low and the budburst ratio was high whereas in February the opposite was the case, showing vulnerability of peach trees to low temperature after endo-dormancy release.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Reported some level of bacteria in areas that are well made contact in Radiology imaging room evaluate the importance of cleanliness in the hospital management of equipment to check for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Gwang-ju and Jeol-la city and medium-sized hospitals in the material with a cotton swab and rub evenly Radiology selection cassette, a handle, Apron of the imaging apparatus having the most contact with patients from July 2016 to August 2016 as a target in place and special studios 6, and saline solution will placed in a test tube containing. The swab sample was diluted 1,000 times, you can see the bacteria and the intestinal bacterial selective medium Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA), Muller-Hinton Agar (MHA), Eosin-Methylene Blue (EMB), ENDO(BD, NJ, USA) then incubated smear to. In the incubator (incubator, SANYO, Japan) was observed after incubation of bacteria and counting the total number of bacteria also Colonies (colony) suspected intestinal bacteria were isolated and cultured on KIA medium (BD, NJ, USA). As a result, it was found that this came Gram positive Coccus A hospital handle the F hospital, from the C Gram positive Coccus cassette and handle the F hospital. The striking yellow coloring Staphylococcus aureus 110 agar (STA 110) in the medium sample, but it is suspected staphylococcal Coccus to the final identification in the laboratory is not a single specimen of the two samples from Gram positive Coccus biochemical identification Identification Kit is an API could not, it was thought to be non-Staphylococcus aureus was cultured on blood agar suggesting that (BAP) blood of dance. Dynamic tests were conducted biochemical API kit of the two samples were identified from Gram positive Coccus bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) is F hospital cassette was confirmed Eenterobacter cloaca in A hospital possession. Did not aggregate O-26, O-111, O-157 and the serum test was conducted in the laboratory from the E. coli F cassette hospital.