• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2015

Objectives : Acupuncture is frequently used as an alternative therapy for Parkinson's disease(PD) in Korea. Using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model, the present study investigated a possible role of acupuncture stimulation at GB34 in suppressing dopaminergic neuronal death and regulating the phosphorylation of protein kinase B(Akt) in substantia nigra(SN) and striatum(ST). Methods : Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg of MPTP at 24-h intervals for 5 days. Acupuncture stimulation at GB34 or SI3 was performed once a day for 12 days consecutively from the first MPTP injection. After the last acupuncture stimulation, pole test was performed to assess the effect of the acupuncture stimulations. Dopaminergic neuronal survival in the SN and the ST, dopamine transporter( DAT) and caspase-3 expression in the ST were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The phosphorylations of Akt in the SN and the ST were measured by Western blotting. Results : MPTP administration caused behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neuronal death in the SN and the ST. It also decreased DAT expression and increased caspase-3 expression in the ST. Acupuncture stimulation at GB34 alleviated these MPTP-induced impairments. Moreover, MPTP suppressed Akt phosphorylation in the SN and the ST, whereas acupuncture stimulation at GB34 alleviated the phosphorylation in the SN. Conclusions : These results indicate that acupuncture stimulation at GB34 can inhibit MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death and alleviate the Akt phosphorylation in the SN, suggesting a possible role for acupuncture in the treatment of PD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.137.1-137
• /
• 2003

A pepper strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (Pf-CMV) induces a mild chlorotic spot symptom in zucchini squash at 9 days post-inoculation (dpi), wile Fny strain of CMV causes severe mosaic and stunting symptom at 4 dpi in this host. Pseudorecombinants were constructed between the two strains, and assessments of symptom severity were indicated that both RNA2 and RNA3 were responsible for both mildness and the slow appearance of symptom elicited by Pf-CMV in zucchini squash. With various RNA2 and RNA3 chimeras between two strains of CMV, the genetic symptom determinants of phenotype of Pf-CMV were mapped to Tyr residue at positions amino acid 267 in 2a protein and at positions amino acid 168 in 3a movement protein (MP). Chimeras changed the sequences (both changed Tyr to lie) in the codons of both amino acid 168 of 3a MP and amino acid 267 of 2a protein were resulted in the high RNA accumulation, severity of symptom, and the rapid systemic spread, suggesting that 2a replicase as well as MP is involved in virus movement. The RNA accumulation pattern of all pseudorecombinants and chimeras are identical in protoplast of zucchini squash, indicating the virus movement is responsible for the phenotypes of two CMV strains rather than virus replication.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.1011-1014
• /
• 1999

Blood protein polymorphism of fowls in Laos was analyzed by electrophoresis. Blood samples were collected in the area of Viangchan, Louangphrabang and Pakxe. Out of 17 loci, polymorphism was detected at the following seven loci; ES-1, Amy-1, Akp-akp, Akp-2, Alb, Tf and Pas. The other ten loci; Amy-3, LDH, 6-PGD, PGM, PHI, To, MDH, Es-D, Hb-l, Hb-2 were noted to be monomorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci $(P_{poly})$, the expected average heterozygosity per individual ($\bar{H}$), and the subdivision index $(G_{ST})$ of the native fowl in Laos was $0.412{\pm}0.123$, 0.106 and 0.026, respectively. Genetic distance between native fowls in Laos, Bangladesh, and Nepal was clustered in one group.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.215-223
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to prepare canned skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in the mixture of isotonic beverage and tomato paste (ST-S) for use as a health food. An analysis of the time-temperature profile and viable cells showed that a reasonable F0 value for ST-S preparation was 4 min. The proximate composition of ST-S was 76.8% moisture, 20.2% crude protein, 0.8% crude lipid, 1.7% ash and 0.5% carbohydrate. The calorie content of ST-S was 94.8 kcal, which is 47.4% lower than that of commercial canned skipjack tuna in oil (ST-O) and 2.2% lower than that of commercial chicken breast in water (CB-B). The total amino acid content of ST-S was 18.54 g/100 g, which is 31.4% lower than that of ST-O and 7.9% lower than that of CB-B. The major amino acids in ST-S were aspartic acid and glutamic acid. An enrichment effect due to such minerals as phosphorus, potassium and iron would be expected on consuming 100 g of ST-S. The major fatty acids in ST-S were 16:0 (27.4%), 18:1n-9 (14.3%) and 22:6n-3 (27.8%), which are different from those in ST-O and CB-B. The major free amino acids in ST-S were glutamic acid (8.1%), histidine (38.6%) and its related dipeptide, such as anserine (15.7%). In an evaluation of taste, flavor and color, ST-S was found to be superior to ST-O and CB-B.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.484-489
• /
• 2004

Objective : In order to study the effects of Herba ChelidoniiㆍClematis Florida ThunbㆍChaenomelis Fructus complex herbal acupuncture on anti-inflammation and liver in rats with arthritis induced Freund's complete adjuvant. Method : We performed several experimental items : that is edema value, numbers of WBC. total protein, total bilirrubin, SGOT, SGPT. Result: The change in the right plantar edema shows that Control group was reduced by 0% but, ST group ,Sample A group and Sample B group were reduced by 287.2%, 343.0%, 272.5% respectively. In the WBC count, ST group, Sample A group, Sample B group showed a decrease with statistical significance as compared with control group. In the total protein, Sample B group showed a decrease with statistical significance as compared with control group. In the total bilirrubin, SGOT, SGPT, None showed noxious variation with statistical significance as compared with control group. Conclusion : As a result of this experiment, it is concluded that Herba ChelidoniiㆍClematis Florida ThunbㆍChaenomelis Fructus complex herbal acupuncture showed that therapeutic effect of anti-inflammation in adjuvant arthritis and non-toxic effect of liver.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.234-242
• /
• 2020

Background: Bevacizumab-induced proteinuria is known to occur when vascular endothelial cell receptors are blocked, which leads to decreased protein filtration. Although several studies have analyzed the correlation between therapeutic effect of bevacizumab and proteinuria, no conclusion has been established. Methods: In this retrospective study, colorectal cancer patients who received bevacizumab and urinary protein check from January 2015 to December 2016, were included. The incidence of proteinuria and the grade according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 4.0 were evaluated after bevacizumab administration. The primary objective was to correlate proteinuria with overall response rate (ORR) and time to progression (TTP). Primary lesion, metastasized organs, surgery or radiation therapy, chemotherapy were investigated for analysis of risk factors for proteinuria development. Results: A total of 149 patients included in the analysis. Proteinuria occurred 19.5% (n=29) in the study patients; 20 in grade 1, 7 in grade 2, and 2 in grade 3. ORR was 55.2% in the proteinuria group and 51.7% in the non-proteinuria group. There was no difference between two groups (p=0.89). The TTP through the survival curve was similar in both groups (10 months, p=0.97). The risk of proteinuria was high in patients who had liver metastasis (p=0.02) and no surgery (p=0.01). Conclusions: These result indicates that bevacizumab-induced proteinuria expression was not correlated with the therapeutic effect on patients with colorectal cancer. Further analysis is required to find out the correlation between proteinuria and therapeutic effects. The risk of proteinuria was increased from patients who had liver metastasis, and no surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.1059-1064
• /
• 2006

Six muscles were seamed out randomly from Hanwoo carcasses (n = 12) of each quality grade (quality grades 1, 2 and 3). Samples were analysed for their total and soluble collagen contents, IMCT (intramuscular connective tissue) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Simple correlation (n = 21) was determined for WBSF among major muscles. For LT (longissimus thoracis), total collagen content was significantly higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. For semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), psoas major (PM) and serratus ventralis (SV), total collagen content of quality grade 1 was lowest (p<0.05) of all quality grades. IMCT shear force for gluteus medius (GM) decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and those for other muscles, with the exception of GM, were higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than for quality grades 1 and 2. WBSF values showed GM and LT to be decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and PM to be higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. SM, ST and SV from quality grade 1 had lower (p<0.05) WBSF value than those from quality grades 2 and 3. Total collagen content of ST was highest (p<0.05) of all muscles, whereas that of PM was lowest (p<0.05). Soluble collagen contents of LT and SV from quality grades 1 and 2 were, in general, higher (p<0.05) than other muscles, but that of SM was lowest (p<0.05). ST and SM had higher (p<0.05) WBSF values for three quality grades when compared to other muscles, whereas PM was lowest (p<0.05). LT had the strongest simple correlation with SV (r = 0.78) and GM (r = 0.77), and SM had the strongest correlation with ST (r = 0.73) and LT (r = 0.73). Also, PM had the strongest correlation with SV (r = 0.62).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.368-372
• /
• 2015

Objective : The occurrence of acute cerebral infection following deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently being reported with elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) level. The aim of the present study was to establish normal range of the magnitude and time-course of CRP increases following routine DBS procedures in the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of infection. Methods : A retrospective evaluation of serial changes of plasma CRP levels in 46 patients undergoing bilateral, two-staged DBS was performed. Because DBS was performed as a two-staged procedure involving; implantation of lead and internal pulse generator (IPG), CRP was measured preoperatively and postoperatively every 2 days until normalization of CRP (post-lead implantation day 2 and 4, post-IPG implantation day 2, 4, and 6). Results : Compared with preoperative CRP levels ($0.12{\pm}0.17mg/dL$, n=46), mean CRP levels were significantly elevated after lead insertion day 2 and 4 ($1.68{\pm}1.83mg/dL$, n=46 and $0.76{\pm}0.38mg/dL$, n=16, respectively, p<0.001). The mean CRP levels at post-lead implantation day 2 were further elevated at post-IPG implantation day 2 ($3.41{\pm}2.56mg/dL$, n=46, respectively, p<0.01). This elevation in post-IPG day 2 rapidly declined in day 4 ($1.24{\pm}1.29mg/dL$, n=46, p<0.05) and normalized to preoperative value at day 6 ($0.42{\pm}0.33mg/dL$, n=46, p>0.05). Mean CRP levels after IPG implantation were significantly higher in patients whose IPGs were implanted at post-lead day 3 than those at post-lead day 5-6 ($3.99{\pm}2.80mg/dL$, n=30, and $2.31{\pm}1.56mg/dL$, n=16, respectively, p<0.05). However, there was no difference in post-IPG day 2 and 4 between them (p>0.05). Conclusion : The mean postoperative CRP levels were highest on post-IPG insertion day 2 and decreased rapidly, returning to the normal range on post-IPG implantation day 6. The duration of post-lead implantation period influenced the magnitude of CRP elevation at post-IPG insertion day 2. Information about the normal response of CRP following DBS could help to avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic efforts.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.321-329
• /
• 2009

Rapid production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in plants. A potato calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK5) activates an NADPH oxidase StRBOHA to D by direct phosphorylation of N-terminal regions, and heterologous expression of StCDPK5 and StRBOHs in Nicotiana benthamiana results in oxidative burst. The transgenic potato plants that carry a constitutively active StCDPK5 driven by a pathogen-inducible promoter of the potato showed high resistance to late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans accompanied by HR-like cell death and $H_2O_2$ accumulation in the attacked cells. In contrast, these plants showed high susceptibility to early blight necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, suggesting that oxidative burst confers high resistance to biotrophic pathogen, but high susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogen. NO and ROS synergistically function in defense responses. Two MAPK cascades, MEK2-SIPK and cytokinesis-related MEK1-NTF6, are involved in the induction of NbRBOHB gene in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, NO burst is regulated by the MEK2-SIPK cascade. Conditional activation of SIPK in potato plants induces oxidative and NO bursts, and confers resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, indicating the plants may have obtained during evolution the signaling pathway which regulates both NO and ROS production to adapt to wide-spectrum pathogens.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.501-521
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influences of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on the healing of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone after replantation of tooth, and to examine the possibility of its clinical application. 45 Sprague Dawley rats weighted about 100 gram were divided into 3 experimental groups by different dose of BMP. All the upper right and left 1st molar were extracted after 5 days feeding of 0.4% ${\beta}$-aminopropionitrile, and right molar were used as experimental group and left molar were used as control group. The root surface of experimental molar were treated with 25,50 and l00ng/ml of human recombinant Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rh-BMP-4) with micropipet, and 1M Sodium hypochloride were used on control root surface. All the experimental animals were sacrificed as 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after autoreplantation of upper 1st molar into their own position. The maxilla were disected included both side of 1st molar. The collected tissue were processed from demineralization to paraffin embeding as usual procedure, and the specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences between control and experimental site on 1 and 2 days after replantation of tooth. In the case of 4th days, the evidence of tissue regeneration were observed on experimental site to compare the controls. New osteoid were revealed on high concentration of BMP at 7 days after replantation, and it became more obvious at 14 days, 2. The effect of the rh-BMP-4 coated on root surface was revealed slight influences for the prolifertion of cells of periodontium and tissue regeneration as dose-dependent pattern. 3. Bony ankylosis was observed between alveolar bone and root surface due to the remarkable amount of osteoid formation on the 14 days after replantation of root. In the conclusion, it was suggested that topical application of the rhBMP-4 on the root surface has influence on the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The application method of BMP on the root should be designed with calculation of proper concentration.