• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2013

Objectives This study was aimed to validate Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Japanese (SSCQ-J). Methods Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patients (SSCQ-P) was developed by joint researches between the Society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. We translated SSCQ-P into Japanese and modified some items of that for Japanese. By getting approval from the Institutional Review Board（IRB）of School of Medicine, Keio University, we conducted a questionnaire survey of patients who visited Oriental Medicine Center from early January until mid-February 2011. The total of 364 patients filled out that Questionnaire and gave an interview with a Sasang constitution specialist. Using this Questionnaire data, we made Sasang constitutional classification functions and calculated diagnostic accuracy rate of SSCQ-J using discrimination analysis. Results 1. Male group's diagnostic accuracy rate of SSCQ-J was 77.01% and female was 78.10%. 2. Diagnostic accuracy of SSCQ-J was a little higher than SSCQ-P Conclusions 1. SSCQ-J can be considered to have good discriminant power compared with SSCQ-P 2. Further research with SSCQ-J will be helpful in the comparison study on the usual symptoms between Korean and Japanese as well as development of good discriminant function.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2014

Objectives This study was performed to make a short-form of Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patient(SSCQ-P). Methods In order to select important questions of SSCQ-P, we got advice from 10 professors of Oriental Medicine. As a result, we chose 37 questions. In addition, we selected 69 questions which had been used more than 12 times in SSCQ-P as the variable. We used some statistical methods to reduce questions. Finally, a total of 40 questions were selected. To find diagnostic accuracy rate of this short-form, discriminant analysis was performed. We used 1378 cases which was collect ed from February 2008 to June 2013 by online system(Sasang-medi data which has selected by web site, http://www.sasangmedi.or.kr), and 68 cases which was collected from November 2006 to September 2007 by the research "Construction of a biological information collection system for the Constitutional scientific diagnosis"(Korea Constitutional Multicenter Bank data, KCMB data) Results We made a short-form of SSCQ-P consisting of 40 questions. Diagnostic accuracy rate of short-form is 66.18% using Sasang-medi data, and 42.65% using KCMB data. Conclusions More cases are needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy rate of this short-form.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.167-179
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• 2013

Objectives This study was performed to compare responses of Korean to the Sasang Constitution questionnaire with those of Japanese and to learn difference in characteristic according to the Sasang Constitution between two countries. Methods 301 Korean visiting the department of the Sasang Constitution, Dong-Eui Medical Center in Busan, Korea from November 2006 to September 2010 responded to the SSCQ-P(Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patients). Sasang Constitution specialist interviewed subjects and diagnosed their Sasang Constitution. 361 Japanese visiting the center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University in Tokyo, Japan from January 2010 to February 2011 responded the SSCQ-J(Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Japanese). The Sasang Constitution was diagnosed in the same way as Korean. We compare responses to the SSCQ-P in Korean with those to the SSCQ-J in Japanese. Results 1. Among Soyangin related 58 items of Sasang Constitution questionnaire, 26, 46.36% items had statistically significant response results in both Korean and Japanese and response disposition of all these items was same. Among Taeeumin related 68items, 36, 52.94% items had statistically significant response results in both Korean and Japanese. Of these, response disposition of 35 items was same and that of 1 item was different. Among Soeumin related 71 items, 31, 43.66% items had statistically significant response results in both Korean and Japanese. Of these, response disposition of 28 items was same and that of 3 items was different. 2. The proportion of items having statistical significance and same disposition in both Korean and Japanese by Sasang Constitutional characteristic category[Features and Way of Speaking, Physical Appearance, Temperament and Talent, Pathological Syndromes] was as follows; In Soyangin, the proportion in Pathological Syndromes was 27.8% and that in the others was more than 41.7%. In Taeeumin, the proportion in Pathological Syndromes was 33.3% and that in the others was more than 57.9%. In Soeumin, the proportion in Features and Way of Speaking was 70.6%, that in Physical Appearance was 8.3% and that in the others was 30~40%. Conclusions The response disposition of many of items having statistical significance between Korean and Japanese was same and that of a few was different. From this, there are many common Sasang Constitutional characteristics between two countries, and possibility of applying the Sasang Constitutional Medicine of Korea to Japan.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.161-170
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the menstrual disorders affect the Sasang constitutions questionnaire response in high school girls. Methods Using a structured menstrual history questionnaire, we evaluated the degree of menstrual disorders of 795 high school girls who participated in this clinical trial. Based on the survey we classified them into menstrual disorders group and control group. They filled out SSCQ-P (Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patients) and we had compared the difference in response by Sasang constitutions. Each group included 97 girls respectively. From 68 girls in menstrual disorders group and 81 girls in control group, 149 questionnaire was analyzed statistically by their constitutions. Results Four questions in Soyangin, twenty one questions in Taeeumin, ten questions in Soeumin were statistically significant in response between menstrual disorders group and control group. Conclusions Soyangin's menstrual disorders don't have a significant impact on SSCQ-P survey. Water retention of PMS may be affect divergence of lung and cause various symptoms in Taeeumin. Soeumin's menstrual disorders may be more affect negative emotions and activity decrease than other constitutions.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.330-337
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the menstrual pain affect the Sasang constitutions questionnaire response in adult women. Methods Using a structured menstrual history questionnaire, we evaluated the degree of menstrual pain of 550 adult women who participated in this clinical trial. Based on the survey we classified them into menstrual pain group and control group. They filled out SSCQ-P (Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patients) and we had compared the difference in response by Sasang constitutions. From 329 women in menstrual pain group and 212 women in control group, 541 questionnaire was analyzed statistically by their constitutions. Results 7 questions in Soyangin, 11 questions in Taeeumin and 20 questions in Soeumin were statistically significant in response between menstrual pain group and control group. Conclusions Soyangin's menstrual pain shows less influence on SSCQ-P than Taeeumin and Soeumin. Taeeumin who has Taeyangin's appearances and characteristics has more menstrual pain. In Soeumin, menstrual pain may result in negative and less expressive characteristics.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study was proposed to use the test-retest method to verify the independence and agreement between the questions (Short Form Sasang Classification Questionnaire for American ; SF_SSCQ-A). 2. Methods The questionnaire was administered to 50 American and they were asked to complete the questionnaire again two weeks after the first administration. The final subjects are 42 except of 5 dropouts and 3 insufficient respondents. A reliability analysis for each individual question was conducted using the test-retest method to verify the independence and agreement between the questions. To verify independence, a Chi-square test with crosstabs analysis and p-values was used. The agreement verification was conducted by using the Cohen kappa coefficient. In addition, the constitutional variable was defined as the constitutional attribute of each question, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was confirmed after testing the scale. 3. Results and Conclusions The test-retest method showed that Pearson's correlation coefficients for the results of the two tests ranged from 0.66 to 0.87. The Chi-square test results indicated that there are 7 independent item. Among the other 114 questions, the agreement test revealed that 88 questions (70.5%) showed above common agreement.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study was done to compare Sasang Constitution diagnostic rate between taking Sasang Constitution herb medicine patients and non taking group. 2. Methods: We collected data from 430 patients who were visited at the Department of Sasang Constitution, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-eui University from November 2006 to September 2010. We classified them into two group. One was taking Sasang Constitution herb medicine patients group, the other was non taking group. For Sasang Constitution Diagnosis, they all have done SSCQ-P questionnaire. and a Sasang Constitution specialist diagnosed constitution. According to reactions after taking herb medicine, the patients of taking group were confirmed their constitutions. We checked Sasang Constitution diagnostic rate from each groups'(the whole subjects, taking herb medicine patients group, non taking herb medicine patients group) discriminant function. And to find out Sasang Constitution diagnostic rate, we applied discriminant functions to each other. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) The whole subjects' diagnostic accuracy rate was 72.07%. 2) Taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy Rate was 75.08%. Non taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy rate applied taking group's discriminant function was 61.60%. 3) Non taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy rate was 81.06%. Taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy rate applied taking group's discriminant function was 57.14%.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study was done to learn the Sasang constitutional distribution and to find out if there are differences in the type of diseases and symptoms according to the Sasang constitution in Japan. 2. Methods: We collected data from 366 patients who visited the Department of Oriental Medicine, Keio University and recruited 132 healthy persons in Tokyo, Japan. For sasang constitution diagnosis, they all have done SSCQ-P(Sasang Constitution Questionaire for Patients) questionnaire. and a sasang constitution specialist diagnosed the sasang constitution of them. And We classify the diseases and symptoms of 313 patients according to KCD(Korean Standard Classification of Diseases) and learn the prevalences of diseases and symptoms according to Sasang Constitution. 3. Results: 1) Among the total 498 subjects, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin were 2.0%, 26.3%, 29.9%, and 41.8%. Among the 366 patients, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin, and Soeumin were 0.8%, 27.3%, 28.7%, and 43.2%. Among the 132 healthy group, distributional rate of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin were 5.3%, 23.5%, 33.3%, and 37.9%. 2) The prevalences of 'V.Mental and behavioural disorders', 'XI.Diseases of the digestive system', 'XV.Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium' and 'feeling of coldness(X VIII.Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, NEC)' of Soeumin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions.(p-value<0.05) 4. Conclusions: The distributional rate of Sasangin of Japanese was different from that of Korean and especially the distributional rate of Soeumin of Japanese was significantly higher than that of Korean. There were significant differences on the prevalences of some diseases and symtoms according to KCD in Soeumin.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to find out the correlation between the use of herbal extracts and the Sasang constitution of patients in Japan. Methods : We recruited 315 subjects who had been visiting the Center for Kampo Medicine for the treatment, Keio University in Tokyo, Japan. They answered SSCQ-P(Sasang Constitution Questionaire for Patients) questionnaire, a sasang constitution specialist interviewed them and diagnosed the sasang constitution. And the 80 herbal extracts subject's having taken were classified into four type Sasang constitutional herbal formulas according to "Donguisusebowon", the ingredients in a formula that have different role(sovereign, minister, assistant and courie) and effect and indication of formula. Results : 1. Among the total 315 subjects, the number of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin was 3(1.0%), 85(27.0%), 90(28.6%), and 137(43.5%). 2. Among the 80 herbal extracts subject's having taken, the number of each Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Soeumin herbal formulas was 30, 7 and 43. 3. 1 Soyangin and 2 Soeumin herbal formulas were prescribed in 3 Taeyangin subjects group. 29 Soyangin, 4 Taeeumin, 52 Soeumin herbal formulas were prescribed in 85 Soyangin subjects group. 39 Soyangin, 6 Taeeumin, 45 Soeumin herbal formulas were prescribed in 90 Taeeumin subjects group. 51 Soyangin, 6 Taeeumin, 80 Soeumin herbal formulas were prescribed in 137 Soeumin subjects group. Conclusions : The Soeumin rate in Japan was significantly higher than that in Korea. There was no significant correlation between the use of herbal extracts and the Sasang constitution in Japan.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2017

Objectives This study was aimed to analyze characteristics of facial shapes in adult women by sasang constitution using hyungsang classification. Methods Using a digital camera, we took a picture of 1,011 women who participated in clinical study on menstrual pain and acquired their 3D facial images with a face-only scanner. They filled out SSCQ-P(sasang constitution questionnaire for patient) for the diagnosis of sasang constitution. Based on the above photographs and 3D images, one of the hyungsang medicine specialist diagnosed according to five diagnostic criteria. The sasang constitution was diagnosed by referring to questionnaires and photographs. Frequency analysis was performed using the statistical analysis system version 9.4 and chi-square test was performed for validity evaluation. Results In taeeumin, the wide face shape(n=261, 74.36%) was much more than the narrow shape(n=90, 25.64%) and the convex face profile(n=164, 85.86%) was much more than the concave profile(n=27, 14.14%). Regardless of sasang constitution, angular face shape(n=501, 50%) was the most, followed by oval shape(n=317, 31.64%). Subjects with big ears(n=291, 29.19%) were the most, while big eyes(n=104, 10.43%) were the least. Subjects with eyes and nose tip upward(n=615, 78.05%) were the most, while eyes and nose tip downward(n=22, 2.79%) were the least. Conclusions Most Korean adult women have angular face, such as square or diamond, with slanted eyes and upturned nose. Taeeumin women have wide facial shape and convex profile.