• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.299-307
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• 2020

This study reported on the phytoplankton community and seasonal changes in the Seoul passage section and downstream in the Han River in 2012. Field samples were collected monthly from the upper (Paldang), middle (Cheongdam), and downstream(Seongsan) areas of the Seoul passage section. Water temperature, DO, pH, and conductivity were measured at each station. All environmental factors measured were recorded similarly at the three stations. The water temperature ranged from 2 to 30℃ and the dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.8 to 9.1 mg L^-1, showing typical patterns of temperate regions. The phytoplankton cell concentrations ranged from 990 cells mL^-1 (Paldang, December) to 2.9×10⁴ cells mL^-1 (Seongsan, March), and the chlorophyll-a content showed similar patterns to the cell numbers. The phytoplankton community was comprised of 75 genera and 95 species, including 37 diatoms, 29 Chlorophyta, 11 cyanobacteria, and two dinoflagellates. The number of species that appeared seasonally varied greatly, from nine species (Paldang, May) to 35 species (Cheongdam, December). Diatoms were the most dominant in all stations and seasons, except in summer. In contrast, chlorophytes and cyanobacteria showed sporadic high numbers in the summer and fall seasons. Four diatoms Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis, S. hantzschii, Fragilaria sp., and Aulacoseira spp., a chlorophyte Actinastrum hantzschii, and a cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. were each present in proportions greater than 10%. This study provides fundamental data from phytoplankton communities and environmental factors in the Han River for understanding water quality for long-term environmental monitoring.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.284-295
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to clarify effects of bispectral index monitoring sedative administration, compared to MOAA/S (Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation), on conscious sedation, physiological stability and recovery time for patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection. Methods: Participants In this study were patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection because of early gastric cancer. Participants were assigned randomly to an experimental group receiving sedatives based on bispectral index monitoring or to a control group with the MOAA/S instrument. Movements, belching, memory, pain, discomfort, physiological stability (MBP, PR, $SpO_2$), and recovery time were measured during the treatment and recovery. Data were analyzed using Spearman partial correlation coefficient analysis, Mixed model and Wilcoxon rank sum test to determine differences in the parameters. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for conscious sedation(movement, belching, memory, pain, or discomfort), physiological stability and recovery time. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that no differences were found between the two types of monitoring. Thus, use of a bispectral index monitor in clinical practice enabling medical staff to readily assess the conscious sedation of for these patients is expected to be increasingly used as an objective assessment tool for conscious sedation for patient safety.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.5
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• pp.663-672
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• 2002

In this paper, Using an automatic tracking system, behavior of an aquatic insect, Chironomus sp. (Chironomidae), was observed in semi-natural conditions in response to sub-lethal treament of a carbamate insecticide, carbofuran. The fourth instar larvae were placed in an observation cage $(6cm\times{7cm}\times{2.5cm)}$ at temperature of $18^\circ{C}$ and the light condition of 10 time (light) : 14 time (dark). The tracking system was devised to detect the instant, partial movement of the insect body. Individual movement was traced after the treatment of carbofuran (0.1ppm) for four days 2days : before treatment, 2 days : after treatment). Along with the other irregular behaviors, "ventilation activity", appearing as a shape of "compressed zig-zag", was more frequently observed after the treatment of the insecticide. The activity of the test individuals was also generally depressed after the chemical treatment. In order to detect behavioral changes of the treated specimens, wavelet analysis was implemented to characterize different movement patterns. The extracted parameters based on Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) were subsequently provided to artificial neural networks to be trained to represent different patterns of the movement tracks before and after treatments of the insecticide. This combined model of wavelets and artificial neural networks was able to point out the occurrence of characteristic movement patterns, and could be an alternative tool for automatically detecting presences of toxic chemicals for water quality monitoring. quality monitoring.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

In this paper, we provide an embedded type non-contact bio-radar heart and respiration rate monitoring system. We implemented the rate finding algorithm into the embedded system. The high-speed and reliable real-time signal processor is then tested. To avoid null-point data loss problem, we applied quadrature demodulation. Among several other combining techniques, we suggest arctangent demodulation for quadrature channel combining and DSP is used for real-time signal processing. We also suggest DC-offset compensation technique to preserve the wanted DC components of the IQ signals for accurate demodulation while keeping the dynamic range of the ADC lower. Using Texas Instrument C6711 series DSP and external 12Bit ADC, we implemented proper elliptic digital filter and autocorrelation detection algorithm for robust commercial hand held device.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 2012

This study was conducted to monitor microbial species dynamics within the aquifer due to long term operation of geothermal heat pump system. The species were identified by molecular biological methods of 16S rDNA. Groundwater sample was collected from both open (S region) and closed geothermal recovery system (J region) along with the control. J measured and control as well as S measured found Ralstonia pickettii as dominant species at year 2010. In contrast, Rhodoferax ferrireducens was dominantly observed for the control of S. In 2011, Sediminibacterium sp. was universely identified as the dominant species regardless of the monitoring places and type of sample, i.e., measured or control. The difference in the dynamics between the measured and the control was not critically observed, but annual variation was more strikingly found. It reveals that possible environmental changes (e.g. ORP and DO) due to the operation of geothermal heat recovery system in aquifer could be more exceedingly preceded to differentiate annual variation of microbial species rather than positional differences.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2000

A recycling reactor system operated under sequential anoxic and oxic conditions for the swine wastewater has been developed, in which piggery slurry is fermentatively and aerobically treated and then part of the effluent recycled to the pigsty. This system significantly removes offensive smells (at both pigsty and treatment plant), BOD and other loads, and appears to be costeffective for the small-scale farms. The most dominant heterotrophs were Alcaligenes faecalis, Brevundimonas diminuta and Streptococcus sp. in order while lactic acid bacteria were dominantly observed in the anoxic tank. We propose a novel monitoring system for a recycling piggery slurry treatment system through neural networks. Here we tried to model treatment process for each tank(influent, fermentation, aeration, first sedimentation and fourth sedimentation tanks) in the system based on population densities of heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria. Principle component analysis(PCA) was first applied to identify a relation between input(microbial densities and parameters for the treatment such as population densities of heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria, suspended solids (SS), COD, $NH_3-N$, ortho-P, and total-P) and output, and then multilayer neural networks were employed to model the treatment process for each tank. PCA filtration of input data as microbial densities was found to facilitate the modeling procedure for the system monitoring even with a relatively lower number of input. Neural networks independently trained for each treatment tank and their subsequent combinatorial data analysis allowed a successful prediction of the treatment system for at least two days.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

In this paper, the long-term performance of highway embankment using tire shred-sandy soil mixture as a lightweight fill material was evaluated through the field monitoring and field test programs. A tire shred-sandy soil embankment was constructed to support a four-lane highway in Indiana, which was built with a 50 : 50 volumetric ratio of tire shreds (maximum particle dimension of 76 mm) and sandy soil (SP, USCS). After opening of the road for traffic, no noticeable differential settlement and lateral deformation were observed, and no adverse environmental impact on temperature was detected as a result of the construction of the tire shred-sandy soil embankment. Moreover, FWD test results showed that tire shred-sandy soil mixture provides bearing capacity comparable to that of conventional fill and meets the criterion for a design life of 20 years.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2010

The pathogens and community structure of the fishes in Taehwa river were investigated from March 2007 to January 2009. During the study period, 3,504 individuals belonging to 35 species, 17 families and 9 orders were collected. The numerically dominant and subdominat species were Opsarichthys uncirostris (relative abundance 39.7%) and Hemibarbus labeo (relative abundance 30.9%). There were five Korean endemic species (20.8%) including Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Zacco koreanus, Cobitis hankugensis, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobutis platycephala. The large fishes like Hemibarbus labeo or Opsarichthys uncirostris were gathered around the Samho bridge, sampling site 2 according to a season. The reaction to which two kinds of fish pathogenic virus is all negative and no fish pathogenic bacteria was isolated from 220 individuals. The fish pathogenic parasite not present variously with 7 species. Especially, Trichodina sp. was detected monthly and the infective density was high. But it is cosidered that temporary overcrowding of fish is not influenced mass mortality causing diseases in the specific site of river.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.355-361
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• 2000

A recycling reactor system operated under sequential anoxic and oxic conditions for the treatment of swine wastewater has been developed, in which piggery slurry is fermentatively and aerobically treated and then part of the effluent is recycled to the pigsty. This system significantly removes offensive smells (at both the pigsty and the treatment plant), BOD and others, and may be cost effective for small-scale farms. The most dominant heterotrophic were, in order, Alcaligenes faecalis, Brevundimonas diminuta and Streptococcus sp., while lactic acid bacteria were dominantly observed in the anoxic tank. We propose a novel monitoring system for a recycling piggery slurry treatment system through the use of neural networks. In this study, we tried to model the treatment process for each tank in the system (influent, fermentation, aeration, first sedimentation and fourth sedimentation tanks) based upon the population densities of the heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria. Principal component analysis(PCA) was first applied to identify a relationship between input and output. The input would be microbial densities and the treatment parameters, such as population densities of heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria, suspended solids(SS), COD, NH$_4$(sup)+-N, ortho-phosphorus (o-P), and total-phosphorus (T-P). then multi-layer neural networks were employed to model the treatment process for each tank. PCA filtration of the input data as microbial densities was found to facilitate the modeling procedure for the system monitoring even with a relatively lower number of imput. Neural network independently trained for each treatment tank and their subsequent combined data analysis allowed a successful prediction of the treatment system for at least two days.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

The unconscious and non-intrusive measurements of activity signals or physiological signals represent important enabling technologies for realizing a ubiquitous healthcare environment as well as a related UI. Particularly, non-intrusive measurements should be used in activity monitoring system for long-term monitoring. This paper is based on activity estimation by measuring the activity signals of a user using a handhold device with an accelerometer. The user activity estimation system (UAES) presented in this paper makes non-intrusive measurements of activity signals to minimize inconveniencing a user and to create a more practical implementation in real life. Thus, a variety of positions in which the handhold device can be carried by a user for daily use is considered, such as in the front/hip/shirt pockets, a backpack, on the waist, and in the hand.