• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2003

SP 자료는 현재 존재하지 않는 교통정책 및 계획의 평가를 위해 광범위하게 이용되어 왔으나 현시선호와의 연계가 단점으로 지적되어 왔다. 이를 극복하는 방법의 하나로서 현시선호자료, 즉 RP 자료와의 결합이 제시되어 왔으며 RPㆍSP 결합방법론이 개발되었다. 본 논문의 목적은 Error Component 방법을 이용하여 새로운 RPㆍSP 결합방법을 제시하고 그 유용성을 입증하는 것이다. Error Component 방법은 SP 자료 또는 RP 자료의 상대적인 분산을 구하기 위해 각 자료의 오차를 분할하고 이에 대한 파라메타와 효용의 파라메타를 동시에 추정하는 것이다. 이를 위한 분석자료는 시뮬레이션을 통해서 인위적인 RP 자료와 SP 자료를 생성하여서 사용하였고 생성된 자료로 Error Component 방법을 이용한 결합모형과 기존의 결합방법의 결과를 파라메타 및 시간가치를 척도로 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 연구 결과 본 연구에서 제시한 방법론이 자료의 규모에 관계없이 일관되게 기존 RPㆍSP 결합방법에 의해 추정된 모형보다 가정된 파라메타 값에 일치함을 보여줘 Error Component 방법이 유용함을 증명하였다. 또한 파라메타의 비로 표현한 시간가치도 Error Component 방법의 적용값이 기존방법론의 적용값보다 가정된 값과 유사한 값을 보여 줘 본 연구가 제시한 방법의 우월성을 입증하였다. 또한 기존 결합모형인 동시적 모형과 순차적 모형이 모두 RP자료와 SP자료를 결합하는 방법으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 보여주었으나 동시적방법이 보다 순차적방법보다 효율적인 방법으로 분석되었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.943-960
• /
• 2014

A visually servoed paired structured light system (ViSP) was recently proposed as a novel estimation method of the 6-DOF (Degree-Of-Freedom) relative displacement in civil structures. In order to apply the ViSP to massive structures, multiple ViSP modules should be installed in a cascaded manner. In this configuration, the estimation errors are propagated through the ViSP modules. In order to resolve this problem, a displacement estimation error back-propagation (DEEP) method was proposed. However, the DEEP method has some disadvantages: the displacement range of each ViSP module must be constrained and displacement errors are corrected sequentially, and thus the entire estimation errors are not considered concurrently. To address this problem, a pose-graph optimized displacement estimation (PODE) method is proposed in this paper. The PODE method is based on a graph-based optimization technique that considers entire errors at the same time. Moreover, this method does not require any constraints on the movement of the ViSP modules. Simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the PODE method reduces the propagation errors in comparison with a previous work.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.753-761
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The study was done to examine the effects of San- Yin-Jiao(SP6) acupressure treatment on subjective labor pain, length of delivery time in women during labor. Method: The study design was a randomized controlled clinical trial study using a double-blinded method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, a subjective labor pain scale and measurement of delivery time. The experimental group(n=29) was received SP6 acupressure and control group(n=29), SP6 touch for the duration of each uterine contraction, during 30 minutes after 3cm dilatation of cervical os. Result: The subjective labor pain scores was significantly different between the two groups(p=0.042). The total length of delivery time in the group which had the SP6 acupressure was shorter than SP6 touch group (p=0.036). Conclusion: These findings showed that SP6 acupressure was effective related to labor pain, length of time for delivery. SP6 acupressure during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.216-221
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 $_L-lysine \; (_{-2}$, 6-Diaminohexanoic acid)의 영향을 받는 남조류와 남조류에 영향을 주는 $_L-lysine $의 농도를 파악 하고자 20종의 Microcystis.를 실험에 사용하였다. 남조류의 생장 억제 능력은 double-layered agar method와 microplate method를 이용하여 측정하였다. L-lysine의 농도를 100-${\mu}g\; ml-1~300 ${\mu}g\; ml^{-1}$이상에서 처리한 경우 Microcystis ichthyoblabe NIER-10021외 7종의 Microcystis sp.에서 투명대가 형성되었다. Microplate method서는10~500${\mu}g\; ml^{-1}$의 농도에서 생장억제 및 lysis를 나타내어TEk. 그리고 Microcystis viridis NIER-10020 외 3종은 10${\mu}g\; ml^{-1}$이하의 낮은 농도에서도 생장억제 및 분해를 나타내는 높은 활성을 보였다.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2001

PECVD 방법으로 60 Hz 상용전원을 사용하여 발생한 아세틸렌 플라스마로부터 다이아몬드성 탄소박막을 제작하고 Raman 분광에 의하여 D($sp^3$)와 G($sp^2$) 피크를 관측하여 박막의 다이아몬드성 정도를 확인하였고 $sp^3$와 $sp^2$의 비율과 FTIR 결과로부터 박막내의 수소함량의 측정을 통하여 아세틸렌 분압비와의 연관성을 확인하였다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2007

Sono-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is widely used, but the aspirated samples are typically not well preserved and low cellularity makes diagnosis difficult in many cases. The object of the current study is to evaluate the adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of the use of $SurePath^{TM}$ liquid-based cytology (SP-LBC) in the sonoguided fine needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule and to compare its use with that of the use of a conventional smear (CS). A total of 172 sono-guided FNAs of thyroid nodules from April to June, 2006 were prepared by the use of the split method with either SP-LBC or CS; the samples were stained with the use of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Papanicolaou (Pap) stains. A cyto-histological correlation was performed in 69 (30 SP and 39 CS) cases that had been histologically confirmed. The rate of producing unsatisfactory slides by the use of the SP-LBC method (9.3%) was less than that of the use of the CS method (20.9%). The diagnostic accuracy of the SP method (93.3%) was better than that of the CS method (85.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of the SP method (94.4% and 92.3%) was better than that of the CS method (83.3% and 70%), respectively (p < 0.05). The CS of sono-guided aspirated specimens had some unavoidable limitations related to inadequate sampling such as a bloody background, low cellularity and an indication that some clinicians smeared many useless slides (averaging four to ten slides), and that most slides showed only blood that included few follicular cells. The SP method resulted in more thinly smeared slides and showed cleaner background and greater cellularity than the use of the CS method. Each follicular cell shows superior nuclear detail, and more distinct cytoplasmic features than with the use of the CS method. SP-LBC appears to be an easy, highly accurate, and reliable cytological method for employ for a diagnostic approach of thyroid disease and thyroid nodules. The SP-LBC method is a suitable alternative to the CS method to overcome diagnostic difficulties.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.138-151
• /
• 2003

Purpose: In the study effects of San-Yin-Jiao (SP6) acupressure on anxiety and pulse during labor, and on neonatal status were examined. Method: The design was a randomized controlled clinical trial with a double-blind method. Data were collected before (pre) and after (post) treatment using structured questionnaire, anxiety scale, pulse rate, umbilical vein pH and Apgar scores. The experimental group received SP6 acupressure for the duration of each uterine contraction over a period of 30 minutes, but the control group received SP6 touch. Results: The anxiety scores between the two groups increased, but the increase was less in the SP6 acupressure group and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.019). Maternal pulse rate was not significantly different immediately after treatment (p=0.711), at 30 and at 60 minutes (p=0.140 ; p=0.108), but while the SP6 acupressure group had a stable pulse, the SP6 touch group showed an increased rate. There was no significant difference between the two groups for umbilical vein pH (p=0.124), and neonatal Apgar score at one and five minutes (p=0.387 ; p=0.979). Conclusion: These findings strengthen the belief that SP-6 acupressure can be used to relieve anxiety during labor with no side effects to either mother or baby.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2000

The Micromechanics test is new test method which uses comparatively smaller specimen than that required in conventional material tests. There are several methods, such as small-specimen creep test, the continuous indentation test, and small punch(SP) test. Among them, the small punch(SP) test method has been applied to many evaluation fields, such as a ductile-brittle transition temperature, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, and fracture properties of advanced materials like FGM or MMC. In this study, the small punch(SP) test is performed to evaluate the mechanical properties at high/low temperature from $-196^{\circ}C$ to $650^{\circ}C$ and the material degradation for virgin and aged materials of 9Cr1MoVNb steel which has been recently developed. The ${\Delta}P/{\Delta}{\delta}$ parameter defined a slope in plastic membrane stretching region of SP load-displacement curve decreases according to the increase of specimen temperature, and that of aged materials is higher than the virgin material in all test temperatures. And the material degradation degrees of aged materials with $630^{\circ}C$ -500hrs and $630^{\circ}C$ -1000hrs are $36^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$ respectively. These behaviors are good consistent with the results of hardness($H_v$) and maximum displacement(${\delta}_{max}$).

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 자연혼합배양(nature mixed culture)이라는 기법을 이용하여 해수관상어를 사육하는데 성공하였고 자연혼합배양수조에서 해수관상어의 자어는 정상적으로 성장하고 생존 가능하였다. 자연혼합배양수조에 출현한 플랑크톤성 미소생물은 모두 34종이었으며 그 중에는 Detonula pumila, Nitzschia sp., Fragilaria oceanica, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Stephanodiscus sp., Chaetoceros decipiens, Chaetoceros sp., Thalassiosira rotula, Eucampia zodiacus, Diploneis splendica, Nitzschia longissima, Surirella cuneata, Asterionella glacialis, Nitzschia spp., Chaetoceros debile, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Nitzschia, closterium, Skletonema costatum과 Licmophora sp와 같은 규조류가 19종, Euglena sp, Gonyaulax sp., Pyramimonas sp., Protoperidinium sp., Eutreptia, sp., Parapedinella sp., unidentified micro-flagellate, Gyrodinium sp., Scrippsiella trochoidea, Gymnodinium sanguineum, Chrysochromulina sp., Gymnodinium sp., Prorocentrum triestinum과 Micromonas sp.와 같은 편모조류가 14종 그리고 1종의 섬모충으로서 Mesodinium rubrum가 관찰되었다. 한편, 미소생물 종 중에서 편모조류의 한종인 Chrysochromulina sp.는 사육기간 동안 우점하였는데 이와 같은 결과는 배양 개시 후 10일째부터 지속적이고 안정적으로 유지 가능하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2014

This paper reported the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the culture-based method in the intrinsic bioremediation study at a petroleum contaminated site. The study showed that phenol hydroxylase gene was detected in groundwater contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers (BTEX) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). This indicated that intrinsic bioremediation occurred at the site. DGGE analyses revealed that the petroleum-hydrocarbon plume caused the variation in microbial communities. MTBE degraders including Pseudomonas sp. NKNU01, Bacillus sp. NKNU01, Klebsiella sp. NKNU01, Enterobacter sp. NKNU01, and Enterobacter sp. NKNU02 were isolated from the contaminated groundwater using the cultured-based method. Among these five strains, Enterobacter sp. NKNU02 is the most effective stain at degrading MTBE without the addition of pentane. The MTBE biodegradation experiment indicated that the isolated bacteria were affected by propane. Biodegradation of MTBE was decreased but not totally inhibited in the mixtures of BTEX. Enterobacter sp. NKNU02 degraded about 60% of MTBE in the bioreactor study. Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), acetic acid, 2-propanol, and propenoic acid were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry during MTBE degraded by the rest cells of Enterobacter sp. NKNU02. The effectiveness of bioremediation of MTBE was assessed for potential field-scale application.