• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2014

Adipose-derived stem cells represent a type of mesenchymal stem cells with the attendant capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. We have performed a microarray-based gene expression profiling of osteogenic differentiation and found that the transcription factor Sox11 is down-regulated during the process. Functional assays demonstrate that down-regulation of Sox11 is required for an efficient differentiation. Furthermore, results from forced expression of constitutively-active and dominant-negative derivatives of Sox11 indicate that Sox11 functions as a transcriptional activator in inhibiting osteogenesis. Sox11 thus represents a novel regulator of osteogenesis whose expression and activity can be potentially manipulated for controlled differentiation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1999

To decrease NOx and SOx using PPCP(Pulse-induced Plasma Chemical Process). This study is tried to obtain the relation and the basic data under the various conditions such the initial concentrations of NOx and SOx. The additional amount of hydrocarbon gases. The concentration of oxygen and input power etc. Especially, this study is focused on the effects of the additional hydrocarbon gases on the decrease of NOx and SOx.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2007

SOX (Sry-related HMG box) family proteins, which have an evolutionarily conserved DNA binding domain, have crucial roles in cell differentiation. However, their target genes remain enigmatic. Some members of the SOX family may have roles in regulation of cell proliferation. We established stable NT2/D1 cell lines overexpressing SOX15 (SOX15-NT2/D1), and a modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the SOX15-NT2/D1 cells exhibited significantly slower growth than the controls. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that an increased fraction of the SOX15-NT2/D1 cells were in G1-G0. In addition, a microarray analysis identified 26 genes that were up-regulated in the SOX15-NT2/D1 cells, but none that were down-regulated genes. Among the up-regulated genes, IGFBP5, S100A4, ID2, FABP5, MTSS1, PDCD4 have been shown to be related to cell proliferation and/or the cell cycle.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2001

SOX9과 SRY 유전자는 척추동물에서 남성고환의 형성을 유도하는 요소로 알려졌다. SOX9 유전자는 SRY related HMG box gene중 하나로 유전질환의 XY성전환 및 성을 결정하는 데에 관여하며 성결정시기에 그 양에 따른 성전환 발생등 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이 유전자가 성별판정에 유용할 지는 확실치 않다. 반면 SRY 유전자는 포유동물에서의 배형성시기 고환형성을 결정하는 Y염색체 유전자로 남성에만 존재하고 여성에는 존재 않는다. 현재까지 이을 이용하여 법의학적 검체에서 남성판별에 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 X, Y와 같은 성염색체가 아닌 상동염색체상에 있으면서 SRY 유전자와 더불어 남성고환을 결정하는 또다른 요소로서의 기능을 가진 SOX9 유전자를 치아에서 검출하여 법의학적 성별판정에 유용할 수 있는지 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 남녀각각 5개의 치아에서 치수와 상아질을 분리한 후 DNA를 추출하여 SOX9과 SRY 유전자의 특이적인 시발체를 제작하고 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하여 증폭하고 전기영동을 시행하였다. 그 결과 SOX9 유전자는 남녀모두에서 유전자가 검출되었고, SOX9 유전자산물과 SRY 유전자를 혼합하여 사용시 남자에서만 유전자가 검출되었다. 이는 법의치과학적 성별판정에 있어 SOX9 유전자는 사람의 치아에서는 남녀 모두 존재하며 남녀 구별을 위한 성별판정에는 이용할 수 없으며 SRY 유전자와 함께 적용시 남성 특이적 SRY 유전자 검사중 발생할 수 있는 가성 음성 반응여부를 확인하는 데 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1995

An automatic method is developed for the determination of SOx in atmosphere. The method involves SOx sampling in diffusion scrubber followed by ion chromatographic analysis. Filtered air is withdrawn at 1.8.ell./min through a diffusion scrubber of which inner tube is made of PTFE(Gore-tex) membrane tubing. 1mM $H_{2}$ $O_{2}$ is used as absorbing solution so that SOx is oxidized to S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$. The scrubbered solution is automatically injected into ion chromatograhpy eith conductivity detection for sulphate determination. Replacement of commonly used polyproplene membrane with PTFE gives several merits such as easy preparation of diffusion scrubber, better collection efficiency. No measurable memory effect is experienced, and this isin contrast to previous work for ammonia. Detection limit of this method defined by three times standard deviation is 0.56ppbv. The precision is 0.4% RSD at SOx concentration of 7.3ppbv Results for Seoulatmosphere ate presented.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide reduction technologies using photosynthetic microorganism were suggested to overcome environmental destruction caused by $CO_2$ in flue gases from power plant and other industries. However, there are many toxic constituents in flue gas including CO, NOx, SOx. Continuous and Excessive supply of these noxious gases to cells will leads to inhibition of microalgal growth along with partial cell death. In this study, we tested the noxious effect of SOx and NOx on the pH and microalgal growth under photoautotrophic culture in three microalgae of Neochloris oleoabundans, Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis. As a result, SOx concentration more than 50 ppm led to the rapid reduction of pH, thereby inhibiting of the growth in Neochloris oleoabundans and Chlorella vulgaris. NOx concentration more the 100 ppm reduced the exponential growth of N. oleoabundans and C. vulgaris. And H. pluvialis exhibited low sensitivity to SOx and NOx. Consequently, the three microalgae of N. oleabundas, C. vulagaris and H. pluvialis showed the normal vegetative growth in 25 ppm of NOx and SOx. Above all, H. pluvialis was useful for the $CO_2$ sequestration of the flue gas including high concentrations of NOx and SOx.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1996

We developed SAW gas sensor for monitoring SOx gas with high sensitivity. It was fabricated as a microsensor for detecting SOx gas by depositing sensing material on SAW device. As a detecting layer material, CdS was selected. Deposition of CdS in the form of thin films was carried out by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method using ultrasonic spray nozzle. Thin films with the uniform and large surface area for sensors were deposited. The stable pyrolysis environment provided by uniform and fine droplets formed by spray nozzle made it possible to obtain thin films with excellent quality. The minimum grain size of the CdS thin films was about 50 nm when deposited at $300^{\circ}C$. SAW gas sensors showed reasonable sensitivity and reproducibility. Further studies are required to investigate the interference of other gases to SOx gas detection.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1996

We isolated a promoter inducible by paraquat, a superoxide-generating agent, from Escherichia coli using a promoter-probing plasmid pRS415. From sequence analysis we found out the promoter is for fpr ENCODING nadph : ferredoxin oxidoreductase. We constructed on operon fusion of lacZ gene with fpr promoter to monitor the expression of the gene in the single-copy state. LacZ expression generators, menadione and plumbagin, also induced the expression of .betha.-galactosidase in the fusion strain. On the other hand, no significant induction was observed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and heat shock. Induction of .betha.-galactosidase was significantly reduced by introducing a .DELTA. sox 8 :: cat of soxS3 :: Tn10 mutation into the fusion strain, indicating that fpr gene is a member of the soxRS regulon. The transcriptional start site was determined by primer extension analysis. Possible roles of fpr induction in superoxide stress were discussed.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17-44
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• 2018

This study investigates whether the positive relation between the real earnings management (REM) and audit fees reported by Choi et al. (2016) differs before and after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), and varies cross-sectionally depending on the existence of internal control problems. Using a large sample of U.S. firms, we find that the positive relation between REM and audit fees is stronger than the same relation between AEM and audit fees in the post-SOX period, whereas the opposite is true in the pre-SOX period. We also find that the positive relation between REM and audit fees is intensified for firms with material internal control weaknesses.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.600-610
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• 1995

When combustion gas is cooled down below the dew point of sulfuric acid vapor in the heat recovery systems, condensation occurs. Since the condensed sulfuric acid solution causes low-temperature corrosion in materials, it is important to measure the SOx dew point by electric measurement. In this study, two kinds of probes having electric gaps of 1mm or 2mm were used. and experiments were carried out by the parameters of sulfuric acid vapor and water vapor concentration. The changes of electric current caused by sulfuric acid condensed on the surface of probe according to the cooling rate and the probe head surface temperature were sudied. The opimum cooling rate was decreased with the increasing of water vaper concentration regardless of sulfuric acid concentration. The sensitivity of electric current is improved for the narrower gap(1mm) of ring electrodes, but it rarely affects the SOx dew point measuring of different probes according to the change of cooling rate.