• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2017

Burial sites are constructed for the purpose of controlling air-born livestock diseases such as avian influenza and foot-and-mouth outbreak. As most of the burial sites are located in the agricultural land use, public concerns are mounting about soil and groundwater contamination. During precipitation events, contaminated baseflows are released from the burial sites into surface waters. Baseflow are therefore required to be managed properly, by monitoring and even by remediation means. We propose each burial sites should be regarded as a point source possibly degrade groundwater, thus be managed in watershed scale for the purpose of surface water quality conservation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.510-516
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• 1993

The degradation and leaching pattern of benzoylurea insecticide teflubenzuron and flucycloxuron in soil environment and their effect on urease activity were investigated. The half-life of teflubenzuron was 39.1 days and 20.9 days in Chilgok and Ansim soil of nonsterilized condition, respectively, and that of flucycloxuron was 102.3 days and 50.1 days. Teflubenzuron and flucycloxuron were degraded more rapidly in Ansim soil with rich organic matter than Chilgok soil, and were degraded very slowly under sterilized condition. Their degradation seemed to be mainly mediated by microorganisms in soil. Teflubenzuron was degraded 63.2 days and 29.2 days faster than flucycloxuron under nonsterilized condition of Chilgok and Ansim soil. The inhibition of urease by the pesticides in two kinds of soil was strongly affected $(37.6{\sim}42.4%)$ in the early stage of their treatment but hardly affected or increased a little after 120 days. The teflubenzuron and flucycloxuron remained in the upper 5 cm of the soil column after elution with 1,000 ml of water, and they were not detected in leachate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

Schlumberger soundings and dipole-dipole electrical surveys were carried out in and around the Nanjido waste landfill in August and December, 1995. Survey points were set to be identical as those in August, 1994 and February, 1995 as possible. To elucidate the annual variation of resistivity structure in and around the landfill, 50 electrical soundings and 2 lines of dipole-dipole surveys were conducted. Interpretations of these data show that mean resistivity values become lower and thicknesses of contaminated layers by leachate thicker than those of the previous year in and around the landfill. Especially, mean thicknesses of saturated layers with leachate increased by about 3∼6 m and resistivities of bedrock decreased. Considering actual hydraulic conductivity, such increments of mean thicknesses are somewhat large. But resistivity variations in and around the Nanjido landfill clearly indicates contamination of layers by leachate is in progress even though some errors in measurements and interpretations are considered. On the other hand, sounding data in the back area of the landfill are almost identical to those of the previous year. From these results, it appears that contamination of weathered zone and bed rock is in progress mainly inside and in the front area of the landfill.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to investigate the groundwater and surface water contamination, to interpret the attenuation mechanism of contaminant transport, and to find the appropriate contamination indicator. at the two big landfill sites : Nanjido Landfill and Hwasung Landfill. Leachate from the Nanjido, th, Hwasung and the Kimpo waste disposal sites is characterized by high temperature (31.7-40.1$^{\circ}C$), high electric conductivity (14,650-32,800 ${\mu}$S/cm), somewhat higher pH(7.58-8.45) and low Eh (-119.4-20.4 mV), and is enriched in both major (Na$^{＋}$, K$^{＋}$, Ca$^{2＋}$, Mg$^{2＋}$, HC $O_3$$^{－}$, Cl$^{－}$) and minor (Mn, Sr$^{2＋}$, Ba$^{2＋}$, Li$^{＋}$, F$^{－}$, Br$^{－}$) ions. Municipal solid waste leachate and industrial waste leachate are effectively discriminated by the content of S $O_4$$^{2－}$, Fe, and heavy metals. The attenuation mechanism of each component was assessed using the chemical analysis. Cl-normalizing process, WATEQ4F simulation, and preceding flownet analysis. Based on the calculation of Contamination Factor, K, Na, Ca, Mg, B, Zn, HC $O_3$, Cl, F, Br and TOC are effective contamination indicators in the Nanjido landfill site, and K, Na, Ca, Mg, B, S $O_4$, HC $O_3$, Cl, F, Br and TOC in the Habsburg landfill site Particularly, TOC is the best contamination indicator in landfill sites influenced by sea water.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

The research is intended to develop and verify a biological complex soil treatment process to treat and restore soil and groundwater which is contaminated with oil, heavy metals, and nutrients through experiments with the series of treatment process such as bioreactor, rolled pipe type of contact oxidation system(RPS), and chemical processing system. 5 microbial strains were separated and selected through experiment, whose soil purification efficiency was excellent, and it was noted that anion- and nonion-series of complex agent was most excellent as a surfactant for effectively separating oils from soils. Method to mix and apply selected microbes after treating the surfactant in the contaminated soil was most effective. The removal efficiencies of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil about 5,000mg/L and above 10,000mg/L were approximatly 90.0% for 28 days and 90.7% for 81 days by soil remediation system and the average removal efficiencies of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, and T-P in leachate were 90.6, 73.0, 91.9, 73.8, 65.7% by the bioreactor and RPS. The removal efficiency was above 99.0% by chemical processing system into cohesive agents.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.412-417
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• 2007

This study was to elucidate the effects of layered double hydroxides(LDHs) application on the chemical properties of the soils along with the fate of the applied LDHs. The effects of LDHs application were compared with those of calcium carbonate widely used for the neutralization of acidic soils. Incorporation of LDHs into the soil resulted in higher pH value and $Mg^{2+}$ content in soil leachate than that of $CaCO_3$ treatment. There was no significant difference in water-soluble P content in both the treatments. However, $Al^{3+}$ and $Si^{4+}$ contents were decreased by LDHs and $CaCO_3$ treatment, even though a large amount of $Al^{3+}$ was released into soil solution with the disintegration of LDHs framework. LDHs structure in soil was gradually disintegrated from the its original layered structure under acidic condition of soil. Therefore, this study suggests that LDHs could be utilized as a carrier of functional substances to enhance the efficiency of various ago-chemicals without any ill effects on the soil environments.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 1999

Behaviour of a fungicide $^{14}C-propiconazole$ was investigated in a rice plant grown-lysimeter soil. The lysimeter was composed of soil cores of silty clay. $Propiconazole(Tilt\;250^R\;EC)$ plus $^{14}C-labeled$ propiconazole was applied on the surface of lysimeter soil at a rate of 0.12kg/10a after rice transplanting. The application was done consecutively for two years. The behaviours of propiconazole in the lysimeter soil were investigated by measuring the amounts of $^{14}C-leachate$, $^{14}CO_2$, the residues distributed in each soil segment and taken up by rice plants. The relative amounts of $^{14}C$ leached from the lysimeter were the background level of the applied $^{14}C$ throughout expeiment. The amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved from the lysimeter were 5.7 and 7.8% of the original $^{14}C$ in the 1st and 2nd treatment, respectively. The amounts of volatile substances soil were the background level throughout experiment, which indicated that propiconazole was stable chemically in the experimental condition. The $^{14}C-activities$ absorbed and translocated into rice plants were 3.7 and 7.6% in 1st and 2nd treatment, respectively. The $^{14}C-activities$ in the soil layer of the lysimeter was distributed mainly in the depth of 0 to 20cm, which suggested propiconazole did not have the risk of groundwater contamination.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

Numerous abandoned or closed mines are present in the steep mountain valleys in Korea due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. From the mines, enormous amounts of wastes were dumped on the slopes causing sedimentation and acid mine drainage to be discharged directly into streams causing detrimental effects on surrounding environment. Objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of the lime cake by-product from the soda ash production (Solvay process) to neutralize the pyrophyllite mine wastes, which have discharged the acid drainage to soil and stream in the watershed. The pH of mine wastes was strongly acidic at pH 3.67 containing over 16% of $Al_2O_3$ and 11% of $Fe_2O_3$. Whereas the lime cake by-product was strongly basic at pH 9.97 due to high contents of CaO, MgO and $CaCl_2$ as major components. Column experiments were conducted to test the neutralizing capacity of the lime cake by-product for the acidic pyrophyllite mine wastes. The column packed with the wastes (control) was treated with the lime cake by-product, calcium carbonate, the dressing soil or combination. The distilled water was eluted statically through the column and the leachate was collected for the chemical analyses. Treatments of the mine wastes with the lime cake by-product (or calcium carbonate) as mixtures increased pH of the leachate from $3.5{\sim}4.0\;to\;7{\sim}8$. Concentrations of Fe and Al in the leachate were also decreased below 1.0 mg $L^{-1}$. A Similar result was observed at the combined treatments of the mine waste, the lime by-product (or calcium carbonate) and the dressing soil. The results indicated that the lime cake by-product could sufficiently neutralize the acid drainage from the pyrophyllite mine wastes without dressing soils.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2007

This study evaluated groundwater quality around an uncontrolled landfill in W sity, Korea, which was monitored for about two years (2005-2006). Parameters of concern include redox-sensitive indicators such as pH, DO, EC, ORP, DOC (dissolved organic carbon), NH3, NO3 and SO4. About 10 years have elapsed after closing dumping of municipal wastes in the landfill. Leachates showed widely varying concentrations in COD(136${\sim}$263 mg/L), T-N(121${\sim}$186 mg/L), and NH3-N(14${\sim}$369 mg/L). Groundwater at the immediate downgradient of the landfill showed weakly acidic pH condition but very high levels of EC (3,000-4,000 ${\mu}S/cm$), which indicated that the groundwater was largely affected by the landfill leachate. Cl, a conservative ion, showed over 200 mg/L at the landfill border, but a gradually decreasing level with distance from the landfill, representing dispersion and dilution (natural attenuation) due to mixing with surrounding groundwater and replenished rainwater. Redox potential showed negative value at the landfill border but it increased up to 350 mV at downgradient wells, which indicated conversion of redox condition from reducing oxic ones. Ammonia, was largely enriched at most of the monitoring wells and its level greatly exceeded drinking water standard. In summary, all the parameters evidenced occurrence of natural attenuation with distance and with time but further monitoring is still required.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2007

An analytical method using ion-exchange chromatography was developed for simultaneous quantification of low-molecularweight organic acids ($C_1-C_6$ aliphatic carboxylic acids) and inorganic anions, and then applied to the assessment of ground water contaminated by leachates from a municipal solid waste landfill. Peak interferences of halide ions to organic acids were removed by pretreatment of water samples with Ag-containing cartridges. This method allowed accurate detection of low-molecular weight organic acids (i.e., formate, acetate, propionate, pyruvate, succinate, and oxalateas) low as 0.5 mg/L with a linear dynamic range up to 20 mg/L within 11 min run time along with typical inorganic anions. High level of pyruvate and low level of formate and acetate were detected in groundwater and landfill leachates using the analytical method. Pyruvate concentration in groundwater showed a significant correlation with concentrations of $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3^-$, and pyruvate levels decreased along the downgradient from the landfill, indicating the sources of pyruvate are landfill leachate.