• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2000

In order to know the depletive changes of sulfamethazine residues in senlm and practical organs of rats orally administered with sulfamethazine sodium(SMS), the concentration of sulfamethazine was measured in serum and tissue(kidney, liver, spleen, testis, and skeletal muscle) of rats with using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). SMS was orally administrated to sprague-dawley male rats(body weight, 200~300g) with using sonde at the rate of 20mg/100g body weight(recommended therapeutic dose) on once a day for 3 days. There were investigated the depletive changes of the sulfamethazine in serum, kidney, liver, spleen, testis and skeletal muscle of rat at the time 8 hours, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th day after administration SMS, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. After oral administration of the SMS, the mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in serum according to the time lapsed were showed 215.53$\pm$42.99ppm at the 8 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the concentrations of sulfamethazine residues in serum were significantly (p<.05) decreased 25.87$\pm$5.18ppm at 1st day, 2.30$\pm$0.61ppm at 3rd day and 0.11$\pm$0.02ppm at 6th day respectively. 2. The mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in kidney, liver, spleen, muscle and testis according to the time lapsed after administration SMS were showed 83.82$\pm$12.16, 81.77$\pm$12.88, 36.96$\pm$5.35, 35.96$\pm$TEX>$\pm$1.39 and 27.89$\pm$1.92 ppm at the 8 hours, respectively. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the concentrations of sulfamethazine residues in the each of samples were significantly(p<.05) decreased such as 7.15$\pm$0.26, 5.62$\pm$0.72, 2.43$\pm$0.29, 1.99$\pm$0.14 and 3.11$\pm$0.48 ppm at 1st day, 0.52$\pm$0.04, 1.32$\pm$0.22, 0.13$\pm$0.03, 0.15$\pm$0.06 and 0.26$\pm$0.11ppm at 3rd day, and 0.03$\pm$0.01, 0.11$\pm$0.03, 0.02$\pm$0.01, 0.009$\pm$0.001 and 0.02$\pm$0.01 ppm at 6th day, respectively. 3. After oral administration of the SMS to rats, the residual concentrations of sulfamethazine in skeletal muscle were significantly (p<.05) decreased 35.96$\pm$1.39 to 0.009$\pm$$\pm$0.001 ppm between 8 hours and 6th day, respectively From the 4th day, the residual concentrations of sulfamethazine were showed 0.10$\pm$0.04 ppm below 0.1 ppm at the permitted limit concentration of muscle in Korea. In conclusion, this study could be suggested the relationship between administrated period, doses of sulfonamides and residual aspects of serum and practical organs, and the importance of observing ceasing period of antibiotic drugs before forwarding livestocks to slaughter.

• 오토저널
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1991

본 글에서는 지금까지 알려진 SMS 부류에 속하는 것으로서 가장 잠재적 응용가치가 큰 것으로 인식되며 특히 자동차 산업과 관련하여 미국, 일본 등에서 활발히 연구 개발중에 있는 전기점성(electro-rheological : ER) 유체의 전반적인 세계연구동향, 이론적 배경 그리고 응용성에 관하여 소개하고자 한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2016

The analysis on the international safety management code (ISM Code) and case of foreign national safety management for fishing vessel was conducted to serve as a basic data on the introduction of safety management system (SMS) for a deep-sea fishing vessel in Korea. As a result, Maritime New Zealand (MNZ) has managed operations of SMS in the maritime rules according to the Maritime Transport Act since 1994. MNZ underwent a safe ship management (SSM), which includes elements applied to shipping companies, ship and verification of the ISM Code for ships, except ISM Code application since 1998. In 2014 the introduction of the advanced maritime operator safety system (MOSS) superior to the SSM by MNZ was promoted actively switch and enforcement. Meanwhile, the safe operation manual of Japanese fishing vessel includes large part of the contents of the ISM Code, and voluntary implementation to fit the realities of the fishing vessel. The law application of SMS for a deep-sea fishing vessel after the newly establishment of the Ocean Industry Development Act to SMS would be advantageous to the schematic management, supervision, maintenance and application and, in 2016 from the implementation of maritime safety supervisor for a deep-sea fishing vessel that the management and supervision through the fishing vessel will be the efficient operation. The configuration of the safety management system in a deep-sea fishing vessel should be included as an element of ISM Code. The introduction of such a system is gradually applicable, such as nationality overseas vessel case study of the ISM Code, and vessels that are excluded from the application will be implemented as autonomous as Japan. The results are expected to contribute to sustainable development in the ocean industry safety culture spread throughout the ocean industry through the enhancement of safety fishing competency and safety management responsibility of fisher.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.48-67
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• 2007

스팸으로 인하여 우리 사회가 지출해야 하는 경제적 부담은 정보의 자유로운 유통으로 누릴 수 있는 이익을 상회한다고 볼 수 있다. 그리고 현재 이메일, 휴대폰 SMS 등을 통한 영리목적의 광고성 정보전송 행위에 대한 규제가 정보통신부와 공정위원회로 이원화되어 있으므로 $\ulcorner$정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률$\lrcorner$상 스팸규정에서 일부 공정위 소관법률 적용대상자를 예외로 하거나 동일의무에 대해 중복규제하는 등 법률의 분리로 인한 국민 불편 및 형평성 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이에 스팸규제와 관련된 국외의 환경 및 동향 등에 대한 비교 분석과 함께 포털사이트나 이동통신 등 정보통신망제공 사업자의 자율재량에 맡긴 스팸방지활동은 한계가 있기 때문에 동 사업자의 스팸 방지에 대한 기술적 조치 및 서비스제한, 신원확인 등 법적 의무화에 대한 검토가 필요하기에 본 연구는 국내 최적의 광고성 정보 규제법규의 형식 및 내용을 도출하기 위하여 국내 타 관련 법률 및 산업 환경 전반을 고려하여 스팸규제 범위를 명확히 하고, 스팸 행위뿐만 아니라 영리목적의 광고행위 전반을 포괄하는 법률 제정방안 수립하며, 기타 현 정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률 개정 또는 광고성 정보전송 규제 단일법 제정시 필요사항을 도출함을 목적으로 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

Objectives:This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a day-center treatment program to promote development of children with pervasive development disorder (PDD) and pervasive development disorder/mental retardation (PDD/MR). Methods:Twenty five children (14 in the PDD group and 11 in the PDD/MR group) participated in a day-center treatment program. They had been enrolled in the whole program for 2-3 years. Their performance was evaluated according to the Preschool Language Scale (PRES), Social Maturity Scale (SMS), and Korean version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). They were grouped by diagnosis at the beginning of the program and the treatment effect was compared. Results:Children who participated in the day-center treatment program showed a significant increase in their PRES and SMS scores and a decrease in their CARS scores. Conclusions:A day-center treatment program is effective for development of children with PDD and PDD/MR.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2015

According to various researches, one of main causes of flight accidents is influence of human factors. It is important to collect and analyze event data in advance to minimize and prevent human errors by developing safety checklist. As a result international aviation industry developed Flight Operations Quality Assurance for commercial airliners, and, upon its proven effectiveness, it is now highly recommended to adopt for helicopter operations. Consequently, S government organization instituted Helicopter Flight Operations Quality Assurance system in 2012. Hence, this study conducted regression analysis of S organization's flight event frequency and applied ICAO SMS Matrix to categorize the severity of the events according to international standards. Based on the analysis, this research derived fundamental checklist factors for helicopter, which can be a proactive measure for safe operation.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

The importance of safety culture improvement and transformation has highlighted since an organization's safety culture can be the causal factor of the accident. Every designated aviation training school have to manage their own SMS and will comply with the regulations specified in article 49, Korean Aviation law. In related regulations, it is specified the safety culture status and problems of an organizations must be accessed and improved. On this study, safety culture index of designated aviation training school has measured using abbreviated CASS developed by KTSA. Results from the statistical analysis, the overall safety culture average found as 3.711. Among the subindex, mean of 'Employee Empowerment' appeared the most high(3.980) and 'Reward System' appeared the most low(3.309). Service providers are able to apply the intervention strategy on the basis of the results of these measurements. The weak part of Safety Culture might be improved and this will lead the better organizational culture.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.358-362
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• 2014

Flow and dynamic rheological properties of hot thickened soups for consumption by the elderly people with swallowing difficulty (dysphagia) were investigated at a serving temperature of $60^{\circ}C$. In this study, sea mustard soup (SMS) and dried pollock soup (DPS), which have been widely known as favorable hot soups provided in a domestic hospitals and nursing homes for dysphagic patients, were thickened with four commercial xanthan gum (XG)-based food thickeners (coded A~D) marketed in Korea. Thickened soups prepared with different thickeners showed high shear-thinning flow behaviors (n=0.15~0.21). Apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,50}$), consistency index (K), storage modulus (G'), and loss modulus (G") demonstrated differences in rheological behaviors between the XG-based thickeners. The magnitudes of (G') were much higher than those of (G") over the entire range of frequency (${\omega}$) with the high dependence on ${\omega}$, showing the rheological behavior similar to a weak gel. In general, all rheological parameter values of thickened DPS samples were higher when compared to the thickened SMS samples. These results indicate that flow and dynamic rheological properties of hot thickened soups containing commercial XG-based thickeners are strongly dependent on the type of thickener and soup.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5143-5147
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• 2014

Cervical cancer screening in Malaysia is by opportunistic Pap smear which contributes to the low uptake rate. To overcome this, a pilot project called the SIPPS program (translated as information system of Pap smear program) had been introduced whereby women aged 20-65 years old are invited for Pap smear and receive recall to repeat the test. This study aimed at determining which recall method is most cost-effective in getting women to repeat Pap smear. A randomised control trial was conducted where one thousand women were recalled for repeat smear either by registered letter, phone messages, phone call or the usual postal letter. The total cost applied for cost-effectiveness analysis includes the cost of sending letter for first invitation, cost of the recall method and cost of two Pap smears. Cost-effective analysis (CEA) of Pap smear uptake by each recall method was then performed. The uptake of Pap smear by postal letter, registered letters, SMS and phone calls were 18.8%, 20.0%, 21.6% and 34.4%, respectively (p<0.05). The CER for the recall method was lowest by phone call compared to other interventions; RM 69.18 (SD RM 0.14) compared to RM 106.53 (SD RM 0.13), RM 134.02 (SD RM 0.15) and RM 136.38 (SD RM 0.11) for SMS, registered letter and letter, respectively. ICER showed that it is most cost saving if the usual method of recall by postal letter be changed to recall by phone call. The possibility of letter as a recall for repeat Pap smear to reach the women is higher compared to sending SMS or making phone call. However, getting women to do repeat Pap smear is better with phone call which allows direct communication. Despite the high cost of the phone call as a recall method for repeat Pap smear, it is the most cost-effective method compared to others.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 학생의 교육적 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인인 학부모들을 교육정보화를 통해서 학교교육에 참여 시킬 수 있는 바람직한 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구에 대한 질적 연구가 전무한 상태라 연구방법은 근저이론을 토대로 하였다. 현재 학교현장에서 시행되고 있는 사이버가정학습 서비스와 교육행정시스템인 나이스 통해 사례분석, 심층면담 및 내용(문서) 분석을 하여 학부모의 학교교육 참여사례를 보다 체계적인 분석과 해석 과정을 반복하여 분석하였다. 사례 분석 대상은 2007년 교육정보화 우수학교 1개교, 사이버가정학습 우수운영사례학교 10개교, 연구학교 2개교와 나이스연구학교 7개교를 대상으로 이들 학교에서 나타나는 내부적 실제들과 학교 현장을 총체적이고 심층적으로 분석하여 교육정보화를 통해 학부모의 학교교육 참여 방안을 살펴보았다. 현재 학부모들은 사이버가정학습 서비스나 나이스를 통해서 학생들의 학습 상황점검 및 의사소통이 이루어지고 있었으며, 사이버 대화 창구를 통해 전인교육프로그램으로 정착하는데 안정적 기여를 하고 있었다. 또한 SMS서비스는 교사와 학부모간의 의사소통을 용이하게 하여 시공간을 초월한 의사소통 경로 확보와 함께 교사와 학부모간의 신뢰를 구축시키는데 기여도가 큼을 알 수 있었다.