• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Recently, it has been reported that morphologically and genetically different two Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus, Pallas, 1771), in Mainland and in Jeju island. Until now, this roe deer has not been clearly taxonomy of Siberian roe deer in Korean peninsula. So, the aim of this study was to compare the skull morphometrics of mainland and Jeju roe deer to obtain more information on the species status of C. pygargus and study the distribution of roe deer subspecies in this region. A total of 50 skulls of adult roe deer was compared and analyzed. The maximum skull length, condylo-basal length, basilar length, maximum skull width, cheek-bone width, interorbital width, rostrum length, length of upper tooth row from the Siberian roe deer in Jeju island were significantly smaller than those of the deer in mainland. Length of the skull was the principal factor of interpopulational variability in roe deer. Variation was not distributed along latitude, longitude, or elevation, but those factors did influence the variation through effects on primary production, which in turn caused isolated differences in skull morphology apparently related to types of forage selected by roe deer in various geographic areas. According to the analysis results of the skull characters, Mainland roe deer was more similar to C. p. tianschanicus which is a subspecies of Siberian roe deer. In addition, Jeju roe deer showed distinct differences compared to European roe deer, 3 subspecies of Siberian roe deer, so it appeared that they could be a unique native species inhabited only in Jeju Island. Because Siberian roe deer in Jeju Island can be classified at subspecies level in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2014

This study was conducted to obtain the basic research about Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus), and to establish a conservation area into Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park, South Korea. We recorded Siberian roe deer field signs (bedding sites, feeding areas, feces and tracks etc), and habitat variables such as nearest distance to the watercourse, trails, slope, aspect, forest type and land cover etc. from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2007 in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. According to the research of habitat characteristics of Siberian roe deer inhabited in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park preferred mixed forest consisted of aged forest and middle-aged forest on the gentle slope which was close to hydrosphere in the middle elevation area of altitude of 400~600m above sea level in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. The results indicated that Siberian roe deer appeared to prefer south slope or north slope during the snow season and west or east slope during the non-snow season. The area of most suitable habitat for Siberian roe deer in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park was $128.5km^2$ (32% of the total area) followed by $244.3km^2$ buffer area (62.2% of the total area), and $22.9km^2$ unsuitable habitat area (5.8% of the total area), which means environmentally unsuitable habitat for Siberian roe deer was rare in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. Thus, the area classified as major area in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park appeared to be most important for the protection of Siberian roe deer.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

The study has been carried out with an objective to prepare Siberian roe deer habitat potential maps in South Korea based on three geographic information system-based models including frequency ratio (FR) as a bivariate statistical approach as well as convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) as machine learning algorithms. According to field observations, 741 locations were reported as roe deer's habitat preferences. The dataset were divided with a proportion of 70:30 for constructing models and validation purposes. Through FR model, a total of 10 influential factors were opted for the modelling process, namely altitude, valley depth, slope height, topographic position index (TPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), normalized difference water index, drainage density, road density, radar intensity, and morphological feature. The results of variable importance analysis determined that TPI, TWI, altitude and valley depth have higher impact on predicting. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to assess the prediction accuracies of three models. The results showed that all the models almost have similar performances, but LSTM model had relatively higher prediction ability in comparison to FR and CNN models with the accuracy of 76% and 73% during the training and validation process. The obtained map of LSTM model was categorized into five classes of potentiality including very low, low, moderate, high and very high with proportions of 19.70%, 19.81%, 19.31%, 19.86%, and 21.31%, respectively. The resultant potential maps may be valuable to monitor and preserve the Siberian roe deer habitats.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2007

The nucleotide sequences of a male-specific marker sex determining region Y (SRY) gene and a mitochondrial cytochrome B (CYTB) gene were characterized and analyzed to establish a molecular method for identification of species and sex of Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus). Similarity search result of SRY sequences showed very similar result to those reported in Moose (Alces alces) and Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), both of which had 95.9% similarity in identity. CYTB genes were very similar to those reported in Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus pygargus) which had 98.6% similarity and not to European roe deer (C. capreolus), suggesting that the DNA samples tested were of Siberian roe deer lineage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sex typing successfully discriminated between carcasses of male and female roe deer. Males had SRY band on agarose gels and females did not. The result of this molecular sex typing provided similar information with that obtained by genital organ observation. Therefore, this molecular method using male specific marker SRY and mitochondrial CYTB genes would be very useful for identification of the species and sex of the carcass remains of roe deer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2014

Siberian Roe deer which inhabits Jeju Island is unique native species. Most of all the roe deer infect a lot of ticks, which can affect its population directly and can act as a vector to spread vector-borne diseases. The purposes of this study were to identify the ticks and detect the piroplamsosis on the roe deer in Jeju island. We collected ticks and blood samples in 23 roe deer rescued and treated at the Jeju Wildlife Rescue Center. As a result, we identified the one species of ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis in roe deer and detected the closely related to Theileria luwenshuni in all blood samples (100%) and 8 pooled ticks (34.8%). These results indicate that there may be a high prevalence particularly of T. luwenshuni infection in Jeju wild roe deer and H. longicornis is a major vector of these diseases. It suggested that Jeju roe deer may act as reservoirs for these zoonotic pathogens.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2021

Background: Sika deer, Cervus nippon, were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since begun to impact the native ecosystem and species endemic to South Korea. The study of activity patterns can improve our understanding of the environmental impact of non-native species and their association with sympatric species. Using camera traps, we studied the diel and seasonal activity patterns of non-native sika deer and quantified the temporal overlap with sympatric mammalian species in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands of Hallasan National Park, South Korea. Results: A total of 970 trap events were recorded for five mammalian species from nine locations during the camera-trap survey. Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) had the highest number of recorded events (72.0%), followed by sika deer (Cervus nippon) (16.2%), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (5.0%), Asian badger (Meles leucurus) (4.5%), and the Jeju weasel (Mustela sibirica quelpartis) (2.0%). Sika deer had bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with peaks throughout the spring-autumn twilight, and day and night time throughout the winter. Relating the daily activity of sika deer with other mammalian species, roe deer expressed the highest degree of overlap (Δ₄ = 0.80) while the Asian badger demonstrated the lowest overlap (Δ₄ = 0.37). Conclusions: Our data show that sika deer are a crepuscular species with seasonal variations in daily activity patterns. Additionally, we identified the temporal differences in activity peaks between different mammals in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands and found higher degree of overlap between sika deer and roe deer during twilight hours.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2015

The article is devoted to the study of the density dependence of the horns tissue on the species and the age of the representatives of the deer family. In scientific literature this problem was covered partially. Basic physical parameters (mass, volume, and density) of horns from red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), European (Capreolus capreolus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) were estimated. The present study was designed to analyze the results for making identification of species and age of the animal possible.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2014

The article considers the influence of hunting (legitimate and uncontrolled) on the population of the Siberian roe deer, musk deer, elk, red and northern deer in Pribaikalje. The data on the forms and methods of hunting, the dynamics of the number of animals and the results of their production are given. For comparison, the acts of such a limiting factor as predators are specified. Reasons for the low number of wild ungulates are determined and main problems are formulated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.2 s.159
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• pp.112-116
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• 2005

This study was conducted to obtain the information of distribution, protection and management for mammal species in fragmented forest areas around the road from June 2002 to May 2003 in 9 study sites of Baekdugdaegan mountains, Korea. Field signs of twelve mammals, moles Molera robusta, Korean hares Lepus coreanus, Manchurian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus, red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris, Korean racoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides, Siberian weasels Mustela sibirica, badgers Meles meles, otters Lutra lutra, Bengal cats Felis bengalensis, wild boars Sus scrofa, water deer Hydropotes inermis and roe deer Capreolus pygargus were recorded in this study. There were no differences in total number of species between 50 m areas and 50-100 m areas from road in snow and non-snow season. Number of mammals' field signs were different in non-snow season between both areas. Red squirrels and Siberian weasels were more abundant in 50 m areas, and Korean hares and Manchurian chipmunks were in 50-100 m areas. Habitat using pattern of mammal species may be affected by the road. Reasonable road construction and maintenance would be needed for protection and management of wildlife and their habitats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2012

As people's interest about wildlife animal increases, more wildlife animal centers are developing. In South Korea, currently 120 mammal species live, and 22 of them are designated as endangered species. It is important to protect these natural treasures and endangered species, because they are being harmed by human industrial activity. For example, road expansion and poaching have led to the destruction of wildlife animal habitats, which is increasing year by year. Nevertheless, data regarding the systematic treatment of wild animals that are in distress is lacking, and it is a reality that analysis of such data is also lacking. The Kangwon Wildlife Rescue Center investigates these types of distress experienced by mammals. By analyzing the shape of the wild animals killed or injured, the center seeks an efficient and systematic way to manage such distress. The data collected from the Wildlife Animal Center from September 2007 to August 2010 includes 195 different cases, and the animals point of rescue. There are 16 species, including 87 water deer (Hydropotes inermis), 39 raccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides), 20 roe deer (Capreolus pygargus bedfordi), 10 goral (Nemorhaedus goral), 7 siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica), 6 otters (Lutra lutra) and etc. Within the first year (September 2007 to August 2008), the number of mammals rescued was 46. In the second year (September 2008 to August 2009), 60 animals were rescued. in the third year (September 2009 to August 2010), the Wildlife Animal Center had 89 animals. We can see that these numbers are increasing, which shows that people are interested in the well-being of these animals because they are reporting animal injuries more and more. The mains form of distress caused by humans are from car accidents 67 (34.4%). Traps, and other hunting tools used by poachers are responsible for 25 (13.0%). Also, human industrial activity thus indirectly led to the starvation 25 (13.0%). and the orphaning of young animals 37 (19.0%).