• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1990

The Drosophila temperature-sensitive mutant shibire (shi) is paralyzed at restrictive temperature by a reversible block in synaptic transmission. To explore the functional relationship among shi gene products, viability and temperature-sensitive paralytic behavior were quantitaively analyzed for four shi alleles, shi$^{ts1}$, shi$^{ts2}$, shi$^{ts4}$, and shi$^{ST139}$, and their heteroallelic combinations. The hemizygous combination of shi alleles over deficiency was not completely lethal. shi$^{ts2}$ exhibited distinctively higher viability than other alleles. A novel behavior, bang sensitivity, was also found in shi/Df(1). This bang-sensitive paralytic behavior was compared with that of the typical bang-sensitive mutant flies. Heterozygotes, shi/+, are more severe in temperature sensitivity than deficiency hemizygotes, Df(1)/+. Heteroallelic combinations of shi were less sensitive to high temperature than homozygotes. Among all allelic combinations, shi$^{ts2}$/shi$^{ts4}$ showed an unexpected extreme reduction in temperature sensitivity. The results of allelic interactions among 4 shi alleles suggest that the shi mutations examined behave as antimorphic alleles and that the gene product of shi are likely to function in multimeric forms.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify and to trace the source of origins of 麻帝核試 that appears in Kei Rim Yu Sa(鷄林類事). Comparative liguistic analytical approaches ware employed for this study. Results of this study revealed that madi(마디) survives as a dialect for m ∂ri[머리(頭)] in Kyung Sang Province Thus, it si considered that the dialect madi(마디) is a survival of 마디(麻帝) of Koryo. Similar words to 核試 of Koryo were found in Hebrew and Japanese : Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) means locks of hair and Japanese ku-shi(くシ) has several meanings : comb, head, and the hair of the head. The word 麻帝核試 of Koryo is a compound ward of madi(麻帝), head and k ∂ shi(그시) 核試 locks of hair(hair of the head). 核試 of Koryo , Jao. ku shi(くシ), and Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) showed close relationships to one another. The word ku shi(si) 그시 核試 was derived from Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) and Jap. ku shi(くシ) was originated from 核試 of Koryo. Kor. ku shi(si) 그시 核試 is a transliteration of Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) and Jap. ku shi(くシ) is a trans-literation of Kor. ku shi 그시 核試.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.107-130
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• 2002

In the clinics of traditional medicine, various acupuncture methods, that is Sa-Am' acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, auricular acupuncture and Dong-Shi' acupuncture, have been introduced and increased gradually to treat the diseases. In this bibliographic study, we examined the interrelation between the Dong Shi' acupuncture and 12 regular channels. The theoretical origination of Dong Shi' acupuncture and 12 regular channels was applied from Yin and Yang, Five Element, State of Viscera and so on. As the treatment using by 12 regular channels have used to 'regulating Qi and Treating Shin (調氣治神)', Dong Shi' acupuncture have used to the itself defense mechanism and relative balance of human beings. Also, these methods have the same rules that was selected to the opposing needling (巨刺) of remote point selection, however, Ah-Shi' points (阿是穴) were not used for the selection. Of Dong-Shi' acu-points, there were many ones which have the same location as the acupoints of regular channels. However, these one was renamed according to the new characteristics and therapeutics found by Dong Shi. Dong Shi' acupuncture has divided human body to the 12 areas but not considered to the concept of a mutual connection of human being body. The needling manipulation methods were vary at the regular channels, but Dong Shi' acupuncture did not use the traditional manipulation method except for supplementary Dong-Qi acupuncture, To-Ma acupuncture and To-In acupuncture. From these study, we found that the Dong-Shi' acupuncture have something in common with 12 regular channels, although the Dong-Shi' acupuncture was not based on the theory of 12 regular channels.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 2000

Precise and detailed clinical research and evaluation based on objective standards are imperative factors in securing reliability of a clinical test. Built on this principle, this clinical test has been conducted during the period between March 1999 and March 2000 dealing with 31 outpatients treated with ShiHo-GuizhiTang or ShiHo-GuizhiTang modify and ShiHo-GuizhiTang mixed prescriptions at the Sung-bo ORIENTAL MEDICAL CLINIC. A variety of information relating to those patients has been collected and analyzed under such criteria as precise diagnoses and their clinical effectiveness. The analysis was duly based on "The theory of cold syndrome". Then, the 31 patients' individual clinical information was compared one another by breaking down the results into sub-categories including gender, age, disease, main symptom, blood pressure, pulse beats, syndrome of abdomen, treatment period, modify and mixed prescription, and evaluation. The result of this clinical test can be summarized as follows: First, ShiHo-GuizhiTang appears to be more frequently prescribed in the case of female patients than in the case of male patients despite the fact that it does not necessarily need to be applied only to female. In addition, the numbers of prescriptions of ShiHo-GuizhiTang in the two age groups consisting of elementary school children and economically active adults respectively were the highest among other age groups. Second, ShiHo-GuizhiTang proved to be most effective in treatment for respiratory ailments and arthritis. Third, ShiHo-GuizhiTang brought down blood pressure of hypertension patients and at the same time benefited patients with normal or lower-than-normal blood pressure who were vulnerable to diseases due to low disease-resistance. Fourth, ShiHo-GuizhiTang was effective in the case of frequent pulse(rapid pulse) and thereby indicating the fact it carries Taiyang superficies syndrome. 지맥 arises from suppressed immune responses owing to adrenocortical hormones. ShiHo-GuizhiTang controls and revitalizes those suppressed immune systems which stem from slow pulse and, as a consequence of that process, helps them return to normal condition of pulse. Fifth, from the standpoint of syndrome of abdomen, feeling of obstruction in the epigastrium serves as an important standard in the process of diagnosing diseases and evaluating effectiveness of treatments. Sixth, according to the results of the clinical test with the 31 patients, a total of 81 percent of test subjects benefited from the treatment. The figure is the sum of 52 percent of I-class (both main symptom and accompanying symptoms had been eliminated) and 29 percent of II-class (part of main symptom and accompanying symptoms had been eliminated) respectively. All told it is safe to say that ShiHo-GuizhiTang can elect to be a viable clinical treatment. In conclusion, it is estimated that this clinical study has drawn up guidelines for objective diagnostic standards and evaluation on specific treatments' effectiveness. This will lead to more general application of ShiHo-GuizhiTang. On top of that, this study could also provide an opportunity to stress the significance of ShiHo-GuizhiTang and ShiHo-GuizhiTang modify and ShiHo-GuizhiTang mixed prescriptions as an alternative treatment for collagen disease which comes from environmental degradation and pollution.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.14-27
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study is to reveal the meaning of Shi-Dong-Bing and Suo-Sheng-Bing through investigating the origin of Shi-Dong-Bing and Suo-Sheng-Bing. Methods : We analyzed and compared the meridian symptoms of "ju Bi Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing, "Ju Bi", "Yin Yang Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing" and "Lin Shu Jing Mai". Results : Suo-Sheng-Bing seems to have been originated from the meridian symptoms of "Ju Bi" and Shi-Dong-Bing is different from the meridian symptoms of "Ju Bi". therefore two meridian symptoms differ in the source of formation and they seems to be different concerning recognition system for disease. Conclusion : Shi-Dong-Bing is the meridian symptoms, in case of feeling abnormal beat by pulse diagnosis, and this pulse diagnosis method is comparative pulse diagnosis method that compare all the pulse point of every meridians. Suo-Sheng-Bing seems to be the meridian symptoms describing the disease of somatic surface with making reference to meridian-circulating positions, afterward have been increased to the related internal organ's disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out differences of the points locations of Dongshi-Acupuncture described in some related books. Methods : This study was carried out by means of comparing the different locational descriptions on the same acupoint in those books : Dong Shi Ji Xue Zhen Jiu Xue(董氏奇穴鍼灸學), Shi Yong Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Ji Xue Quan Ji(實用董氏鍼灸奇穴全集), Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Ji Xue Jing Yan Lu(董氏鍼灸奇穴經驗錄), Dong Shi Leng Zhen Cheng Xue Xue(동씨능침징혈학), Dong Shi Ji Xue Tu Pu Zhi Liao Xue(董氏奇穴圖譜治療學), Tai Wan Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Jing Xue Xue (台灣董氏鍼灸經穴學). Results : There are disagreement on the number, locations, cuns of acupuncture points among the books: the numbers of 11 kinds of points, locations of 2 points and cun of 15 points. Conclusions : The authors can be grouped by the opinions on the acupuncture points. One group consists of Yang Wei Jie(楊維傑), Lai Jin Xiong(賴金雄) and Hu Bing Quin(胡丙權) and Hu Wen Zhi(胡文智), Liu Jian Zhong(陸建中) and Li Guo Zheng(李國政) form the other.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.36-46
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• 2021

The Soil Health Index (SHI) developed by Park et al. (2021) is used to evaluate soil health on remediated soils collected from several remediation project sites and monitored the changes of SHI during the remediation process of land farming, soil washing, and thermal desorption. In the case of land farming, the soils remediated below a legal standard didn't show any significant changes in indices of SHI except the downgrade of available phosphate from medium to a low level. The SHI scores were ranged from 52 to 56 in the contaminated soil and 54 to 57 in the remediated soil. With soil washing, bulk density changed from high to a low level, and available phosphate was lowered from medium to low level. As the SHI scores were evaluated as 58 to 63 for contaminated soil and 38 to 42 for remediated soils. For thermal desorption, soil respiration rate was reduced from high to low level and SHI was scored as 50 to 51 for contaminated soils and 43 to 47 for remediated soils. Even though any abrupt changes of the SHI in remediated soils were not identified in the soils used in this study, it is expected that soil in different conditions such as types and concentrations of contaminant and soil characteristics would result in distinguished changes of the SHI. There is a room for more studies collect diverse information on SHI across the country.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.170-202
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• 1998

Lee Shi Zhen(李時珍) raised a question in argument on the writer of Bao Ming Shi(保命集), which had been believed to be written by Liu Wan Su(劉完素), arguing that Bao Ming Shi(保命集), also called Huo Fa Ji Yao(活法機要), was written by Zhang Yuan Su(張完素). There were three representative arguments on the writer of Bao Ming Shi(保命集). One suggested that it was written by Zhang Yuan Su(張完素) while the other argued that it was definitely written by Liu Wan Su(劉完素). And another suggested thai it was edited by posterity by combinding the works of the former two miters. After this study, it was found that Bao Ming Shi(保命集) has Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s unique medical thoughts in many descriptions resulting in controversial dispute. Through these arguments, a new hypothesis has been made that the third person who had studied Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s medical thoughts wrote Bao Ming Shi(保命集). Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素) were quite different in medial thoughts and their works and they found different school, respectively. Therefore, if Bao Ming Shi(保命集) was written by Liu Wan Su(劉完素) or Zhang Yuan Su(張完素), it is impossiple that Bao Ming Shj(保命集) has the two medical thoughts in many descriptions. So, it is regarded reasonable to argue that the person who had aquainted with the two medical thoughts wrote this book. Then enother question can be raised : why the persion wrote Bao Ming Shi(保命集) which integrated the two medical thoughts and. The answer is as follows. Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素) became the rounders of He Jian(河間) school and Yi Shui(易水) school, respectively, which have considerably affected later generations, suggesting advanced medical theory. The medical thoughts suggested by the two were sure advanced compared with the former generation, but subjective and biased enough be critisized. So, it is thought that the third person wrote Bao Ming Shj(保命集) to recover those demerits and to describe more advanced medical theory. Zhongyi Xueshushi(中醫學術史) suggests that posterity edited Bao Ming Shi(保命集) by combinding Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s works, which is different flam my suggestment. In above description, it is said that the two medical thoughts were quite different, but Bao Ming Shi(保命集) has well-understood medical thoughts containing the two medical thoughts in chaptor to chaptor, and well coincides from cover to cover, which shows that it is written by one person not edited by posterity. My hypothesis can admit other arguments on the writer of Bao Ming Shi(保命集), recover the bias of those argument and solve the questions raised in other arguments. Therefore, I suggest that the person, who was well aquainted with Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s medical thoughts, wrote Bao Ming Shi(保命集) to describe more advanced and complete medical theory by amending the bias and taking the merits of the two medical thoughts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.613-619
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• 2009

The Efficacy of SHI-1909 was investigated in comparision with predinisolone in acetic acid and Picrylsulfonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced rat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for 5 days. 7% Acetic acid and 5% TNBS solution were administered with polyethylene (P.E) tube inserted to rats intracolon, which causing colitis to the rats. The acetic acid and TNBS control group (the saline treated colitic rat) exhibited ulceration and inflammation of the distal colon with formation of granuloma and pathologic connections. We checked the inflammatory parameters like rat's weight, food intake quantity change during administration. After 5 days, we sacrificed the rats and checked the colon's length, ulcer and pathologic condition. Oral treatment with SHI-1909 resulted in significant recovery of macroscopic parameters like weight and diet intake change. Especially, SHI-1909 had a more potent effect than prednisolone on macroscopic colonic damage score. We can suggest that SHI-1909 could be a promising drug in the treatment of IBD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

Background & Objectives : The Speech Handicap Index (SHI) is used to assess speech problem of head and neck cancer patients. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the reliability and validity the Korean version SHI. Materials and Methods : Sixteen patients with oral cavity cancer and 26 normal control were participated in the study. Test-retest reliability of the Korean version of SHI was completed by 20 out of 42 subjects after 2weeks. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the Korean version of SHI scores between normal population and patients group. The relationship between the Korean version of SHI and diadochokinesis (DDK) was investigated using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results : The Korean version of SHI provided a high internal consistency (${\alpha}$=0.99) and test-retest reliability (Spearman rho 0.98). The mean SHI scores [total (T), speech (S), and psychosocial (P)] in normal population were 0.8 (T), 0.2 (S) and 0.4 (P), whereas those in patients group were 58.1 (T), 27.9 (S) and 27.0 (P) respectively. There were significant differences in total SHI score as well as in all of the sub-SHI scores between two groups. Moreover, significant correlation between the Korean version of SHI parameters (T, S, P) and sequential motion rate (SMR) were yielded in patients group. Conclusion : The Korean version of SHIwas reliable and valid. It can be useful as a supplementary clinical tool for diagnosing and measuring treatment efficacy of speech problems related to oral cavity cancer.