• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.246-268
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• 2019

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a species of legume native to East Asia. The interactions between climatic conditions and genetic characteristics are known to affect the agricultural performance of soybean. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to identify the main elements affecting the agricultural performances of 11 soybean varieties/lines from China [Harbin ($45^{\circ}12^{\prime}N$), Yanji ($42^{\circ}53^{\prime}N$), Dalian ($39^{\circ}30^{\prime}N$), Qingdao ($36^{\circ}26^{\prime}N$)] and the Republic of Korea [Suwon ($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$), and Jeonju ($35^{\circ}49^{\prime}N$)]. The days to flowering (DTF) of soybeans with the e1-nf and e1-as alleles and the E1e2e3e4 genotype, except in 'Keumgangkong', 'Tawonkong', and 'Duyoukong', were relatively short compared to those of soybeans with other alleles. Although DTF of the soybeans was highly correlated with all climatic conditions [negative: precipitation, average temperature (AVT), accumulated temperature; positive: day-length (DL)], days to maturity and 100-seed weight of the soybeans showed no significant correlation with any climatic conditions. The soybeans with a dominant Dt1 allele, except 'Tawonkong', had the longest stem length (STL). Moreover, STL of the soybeans grown in the test fields showed a positive correlation with only DL; however, the results of our chamber test that was conducted to complement the field tests showed that STL of soybean was positively affected by AVT and DL. Although soybean yield (YLD) showed positive correlations with latitude and DL (except L62-667, OT89-5, and OT89-6), the response of YLD to the climatic conditions was cultivar-specific. Our results show that DTF and STL of soybeans grown in six different latitudes are highly affected by DL, and AVT and genetic characteristic also affect DTF and STL.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2015

In South Korea, Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel (dwarf stone pine) has been designated as a critically endangered species by the Korea Forest Service. We have difficulties in obtaining the seeds of P. pumila because P. pumila grows only in the Daecheongbong area (1550–1700 m above sea level) of Mt. Seorak and almost all of its cones are damaged by birds and rodents. For establishing an ex situ conservation stand of P. pumila, this study was conducted to figure out the effects of wet cold (cold stratification, prechilling) and GA₃ treatment on the germination of P. pumila seeds. After cold stratification (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 months), prechilling (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 months) and GA₃ treatment (0, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 ㎎/L), seeds were placed on petri-dishes at 25℃ under light condition. The percentage of germination, mean germination time and the germination rate were investigated. The results showed that both of the cold stratification and prechilling were effective in improving germination performances. However, there were no significant differences in performances between the two cold treatments. Within each treatment, the germination performances improved with the period of treatment. However, after three months of treatment, the performances showed no significant improvement. The gibberellin treatment was also effective in improving seed germination of P. pumila. The percentage of germination reached 79.0% in the seeds treated with 100 ㎎/L of GA₃. However, the germination performances decreased at high concentration of GA₃ treatments (over 2000 ㎎/L). In conclusion, cold stratification (over 3 months) or 100 ㎎/L of GA₃ treatment was considered to be the appropriate method for seedling production of P. pumila.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate and measure the antimicrobial activity of evergreen woody species extracts on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To do this, leaves and stems were collected from Wando and Jeju islands, and were used for the extraction with different solvents (i.e., distilled water, 80% ethanol, and 100% methanol), and at different ultrasonic extracting times (i.e., 15, 30, and 45 minutes). The experiment was conducted by using the agar diffusion method. The clear zone was measured after incubating the paper disc containing the plant extract in a bacterial culture medium. The controls were synthetic antimicrobials, methylparaben and phenoxyethanol, at concentrations of 0.4, 1, 2, and 4 mg/disc. Altogether, extracts of 56 out of 64 species used in this study had inhibitory activity, which confirmed their antimicrobial activity against Athlete's foot. Among them, the crude ethanolic extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris in 45 min showed a zone of inhibition < 20.2 mm, while the clear zone of Actinodaphne lancifolia ethanolic extraction for 30 min was 23.5 mm. Also, Quercus acuta, Dendropanax morbiferus and Daphne odora showed clear zones of 28.0 mm (45 minutes ethanolic extraction), 20.5 mm (45 minutes crude methanolic extraction) and 19.7 mm (45 minutes methanolic extraction), respectively. Thus, these results confirm that the extracts of evergreen woody species have therapeutic potential against Athlete's foot, and suggest that in order to extract adequate amounts of antimicrobial substance from the plant sources, ideal extraction condition has to be considered.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.559-563
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• 2011

Cymbidium 'Purple Star' (Miake 'Pieta' ${\times}$ 'Allstar Mariane') was developed from a cross between hybrids at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2008. A cross was made between purple colored flower C. Miake 'Pieta' as maternal line and dark pink colored flower, C. 'Allstar Mariane' as paternal line in 1995. The seed germination, cultivation, selection, and characteristic trials were conducted from 1996 to 2002. The line was named as Wongyo 'F1-21' and phenotype was characterized in 2007 as a new cultivar. The 'Purple Star' has dark purple basal color (RHS, GP186A) on both of sepal and petal with red lip (RHS, RP59A). 'Purple Star' has about 10.7 flowers per flower stalk and flower size of 7.6 cm. General appearance of petals and sepals is slightly incurved shape. The plant size is intermediate having erect peduncle. Blooming is started from the late of January (mid-winter) under optimal culture condition. Leaf attitude and twisting is erect and weak respectively. This hybrid has attractive floral arrangement, long flower stalk (78.4 cm) and vigorous growth. 'Purple Star' has a great potential for exporting to Chinese market.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

This study was to develop high-nutritious energy bar from extruded hemp obtained by extrusion process. Mixture of rice flour and defatted hemp was extruded at a barrel temperature of 110 and 130$^{\circ}C$, and moisture content of 20 and 25%. Properties of extrudates such as bulk density, expansion index, breaking strength, apparent elastic modulus, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) have been analyzed. The antioxidant potential was determined by the DPPH-radical scavenging assay. The expansion index was the highest in rice-hemp extrudate at 130$^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature and 20% moisture content among the other hemp-added extrudates. The WAI was increased with increase in moisture content, while the WSI was increased with increase in barrel temperature. The peak viscosity of rice extrudate had higher valule than those of extrudate added with hemp. DPPH scavenging activity of rice-hemp extrudate at 130$^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature and 20% moisture content showed the highest value. Sensory properties, moisture content and color were assessed for quality of energy bar. The color values of the energy bar indicated decreasing L (lightness) and b (yellowness), and increasing a (redness) after 30 days storage at ambient condition. The highest overall acceptable was the energy bar added with rice-hemp extrudate at 130$^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature and 20% moisture content.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

The R-r:standard (R-r:std) allele of maize R gene complex consists of S subcomplex and P component; the S subcomplex regulates anthocyanin pigmentation of seed aleurone layer, and the P component confers pigmentation of the other plant parts. The S subcomplex contains two functional genes, S1 and S2 components. In the presence of Pl gene some alleles of R gene induce anthocyanin pigmentation of pericarp. In the present study, the effects of different R alleles on the anthocyanin pigmentation of pericarp in the presence of Pl gene were analyzed in order to identify the R gene component responsible for pericarp pigmentation. The results show that R-ch and r-ch alleles condition similar degrees of pericarp pigmentation, and that R-r:Ecuador (R-r:Ec) conditions stronger pigmentation. The r-ch allele, which is inferred that its S subcomplex has lost function but the P component is normal, induces pericarp pigmentation in the presence of Pl gene. On the contrary, the R-g:g1111 allele, derived from R-r:Ec and inferred that its S subcomplex functions normal but the P component has lost its function, did not induce pericarp pigmentation in the presence of Pl gene. Moreover, PCR analysis of genomic DNA's of R-ch and r-ch indicate that R-ch maintains both P and S1 components, whereas r-ch lacks for the S1 component. Taken together, The results suggest that the P components of R alleles inducing pericarp pigmentation in the presence of Pl gene are responsible for pericarp pigmentation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.237-255
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• 2021

Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. is one of the wetland specialists mainly distributed in peatlands at high latitudes. In Korea, it is isolated in two regions. This study investigated habitats, growth traits, and self-compatibility of L. wilfordii and assessed the internal dynamics of its population persistence. Its population has remained stable in the Yongneup Wetland Protected Area (YWPA). There was a clear difference in vegetation environment between YWPA and the distribution area in Daegwallyeong (DWL), Pyeongchang-gun. It has self-compatibility while pollinators facilitate its seed production. It produces a large number of hibernacles and bears the maximum number of branches and fruits in soil with rich organic contents. However, it grows and bears fruits even under the condition of low organic contents. In YWPA, L. wilfordii is not distributed in high moor but widely distributed in low moor where tussocks by Carex thunbergii var. appendiculata are developed. It is mainly distributed on the top of tussocks also. Therefore, it is judged that the formation, growth, and extinction of tussocks by C. thunbergii var. appendiculata is closely related to the establishment, growth, and extinction of plants distributed in this space. It is assessed that the current YWPA has well-developed tussocks in which L. wilfordii is widely distributed, and extinction and re-establishment progress well. Accordingly, the L. wilfordii population is expected to be sustainable in the long term given if its current ecological process is maintained well.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2021

As a result of examining the germination rate between ginseng varieties, Jagyongjong varieties had the highest germination rate, and Yeonpung. had the lowest germination rate. In the ginseng seed germination rate experiment, the highest germination rate and growth condition were shown in artificial soil conditions of the ratio of Peatmoss 6.5: Pearlite 2: Masato 1.5. Good soil conditions require adequate soil moisture forces during the incubation period. The cultivation of ginseng medicinal crops requires optimal soil breathability, soil pH, and soil stabilization, which are important for root breathing. Microbial activity in the soil has a great influence on the growth of ginseng. The optimum pH of the soil for ginseng cultivation is 5.0-5.5 As a result of the experiment, the soil remained in an appropriate range after a month. In general, when the EC concentration value of the soil for ginseng cultivation is 0.2 mS/cm or more, growth deteriorates, and when the EC concentration value is 0.5 mS/cm or more, concentration obstacles such as root decay occur. As a result of the analysis, the higher the concentration value of EC, the more likely it is to interfere with ginseng growth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.320-327
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• 1990

Experiments were conducted to investigate the method to raise seedling establishment rate and the optimum seeding dates and rates in direct seeding culture using transplanter under submerged field condition in Chuncheon area during 1986 to 1988. Direct seeding on submerged field using transplanting machine after sowing on seedling growing box contained with paddy or upland soil was possible. Higher rate of seedling establishment was obtained in case of sowing sprouted seed and intermittent irrigation after sowing. Seedling establishment rate was higher both in April 30 or May 10 seeding plot. Minimum daily average air and soil temperature to ensure more than 70 percent seedling establishment was 14.8$^{\circ}C$ and 16.3$^{\circ}C$ respectively. Optimum sowing date in the direct sowing was early May and optimum sowing rate was 200g per box, 6kg per l0a. In this case rice grain yield was 481kg per l0a and this is almost same yield level compared hand and machine transplanting.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the regional adaptability of Fagopyrum tataricum in Korea. Suwon, Chunchon, Kangneung, Yonchon and Taean at different experiment sites had soil pH of 6.52, 5.65, 5.7, 5.89 and 5.82, respectively, being at more unfavorable conditions than a recommended soil condition for yam cultivation with pH 5.8~6.7. The amounts of organic matter in Suwon, Chunchon, Taean, and Yonchon were 1.96%, 4.51%, 3.76%, 1.89% and 1.12%, respectively, being at more favorable conditions than a recommended organic matter in soil for yam cultivation with 2.0~3.0%. As the results from cultivating of large plantings in different regions, Suwon showed grain weight in plant of 7.8g. In seed extract analysis, rutin contents were 44.9mg/100g in F. esculentum and 1475.5mg/100g in F. tataricum., respectively.