• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.2062-2073
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• 1997

The important articles we must consider in SDH network and system design are the number of maximum nodes and clock characteristics of each node. In order to get these, the study of characteristics about some clock states, such as normal state and phase transient state, on the standard specifications is required. In this paper, we presented MTIE and TDEV characteristics with ITU-T & ANSI standard specifications in some clock states of the SDH linear networks, and proposed the number of maximum nodes satisfying above two standards. Also our resulsts are compared with AT&T's.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.174-179
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• 2005

In the SONET/SDH based ASON, one VC3 connection contains 21 VC12 calls. Hence, it can serve up to 21 VC12 calls. When a new VC12 call arrives, if there exists at least one available VC3 connection in the network, that VC12 call is severed immediately. However, if there is no available VC3 connection, that VC12 call has to wait a certain time, called setup latency, for the a new VC3 connection to be established. This is inconvenient for the customers. On the other hand, if there are more VC3 connections than the network requires, this can waste network resources. In this paper, we proposed the solution for these problems. In order to reduce the number of VC12 calls which have to wait, we setup a new VC3 before all VC12 time slots are occupied. Furthermore, to avoid the waste of the network resources, we do not establish all VC3 connections at the same time, but do establish step by step.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-138
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• 2001

Due to large demand for high speed and great capacity for data transfer, WDM, which uses the wavelength division multiplexing technique, is known as alternative way to satisfy those demand for its flexible network operation and management, easy network expansion with existing networks, and enhancement of efficient data transfer rate. For these reasons, a new high capacity WDM optical communication network plan was established. Therefore, the quality of currently deployed optical cables with 81.6 km in length should be assessed to ensure if high capacity WDM system could be implemented on existing optical cables. Two important characteristic parameters, Transfer Loss and PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion), were measured to evaluate quality of existing optical cable. Transfer Loss was measured at 0.244 dB per kilometer, which is lower than the design standard value at 0.275 dB/km. The measured PMD value gave at 0.030ps/km, and it, therefore, satisfies the value recommended by ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union-T) of 0.5ps/km. In addition, the transfer characteristic for existing 2.5 Gbps and 10 Gbps system were measured and evaluated, and the results showed that error-free transfer is very much feasible. Computer simulation for DWDM system, which is likely be a future backbone network in Korea, to assess the transfer characteristic using the same condition employed for 2.5 Gbps and 10 Gbps was carried out as well. The simulation verified that a stable network operation and reliable service could be provided.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

The next generation network preparation of stock computer network designated to facilities and goal facilities-based national main information communication certainly necessary for 'national competitiveness enhancement and national economic strength elevations'. This paper studies current government policy and network, security and securities computer network, and substitute for securities computer network-based the existing SONET/SDH, and next generation securities computer network designs so as to provide ALL-IP service-based MPLS for international GMG service. Set up stability, standardization, security, a basis of and compare is current next generation securities computer network by each bases in case of designs. Analyze an expected effect to have been improved at next generation stock computer network characteristics and merits and substitution width and QoS, communication instrument liquor, an information protection system etc. too. Result of research of this paper will contribute to national competitiveness enhancement and a national economic strength elevation to accomplish u-Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5A
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• pp.751-762
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• 2000

In the forthcoming next generation highspeed networks, the provisioning of broadband mobile multimedia services is the most important issue while an efficient network management architecture, which can manage the network resources efficiently, is essential. The next generation highspeed networks will be composed of the ATMand SDH-based transport network systems and the H-based interworking systems. The management functions of these network systems are implemented various technologies, such as TMN and SNMP. In order to integrate these network resources efficiently with heterogeneous management functions, the distributed network management architecture such as TINA is most appropriate. In this pape, we propose an interworking architecture for TINA manager and TMN agent. where the TINA-based EML subnetwork management operations mapped into the related management operations of the TMN NE agent. The proposed interworking architecture is simpler than JIDM, and the processing overhead is minimized.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Looking at the recent value change of users and the usage pattern of network users, it is changing from simple web information, one-way information acquisition and data transmission to increase of usage of multimedia, increasing demand for security and customization, and increasing demands for free mobility. Due to this change of demand, the services which were provided individually, developed into a form which is merged, the network also seems to develop into the combined network from the individual network for individual service, and the communication network control technology which is the core technology is also rapidly developing. To reflect the users' demands, the next generation network created the multi-layer network which is based on the WDM/IP transmission system and added the to make it easy to restructure. P-OTS (Packet-Optical Transport System) can be defined as a platform that combines SONET/SDH, Ethernet, DWDM, optical transport network (OTN) switching and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs). In this paper, we suggested that the optimum path choice be performed through diversification of the PCE-based path selection using the information of various layers altogether in the multi-layer environment, compared with the established path selection method when the path was selected using the information of each layers.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.72-90
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• 1992

SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) 에 의한 동기식 전송방식은 비동기식 전송장치의 관리특성상의 문제점을 고려하여 일원화된 망관리가 가능하도록 OSI 망관리 기법에 기본을 둔 TMN(Telecommunication Management Network) 접속기능이 CCITT 에 의해 권고되었다. 본 논문은 동기식 전송망의 관리를 위해서 필요한 TMN 과 SMN 구조, OAM 메시지 전달 프로토콜, 메시지구조에 대해 고찰하고 현재 ETRI에서 개발되고 있는 155Mb/s 급 동기식 전송장치에 직접 실장된 Agent, MIB, 그리고 OSI 7Layer 의 구현내용을 기술하였다

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.3060-3069
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• 1999

The existed transmissions have PDH and SDH transmission system, which are based on PSTN network. But as the future ATM network is going to be constructed, it is very necessary for ATM network to interwork with PSTN for telephony service. The international standardization organizations like ITU-T, ATM Forum offered CES, VTOA1, VTOA2 and so on for interworking with PSTN service, which spend many network resources and considerable transmission delay. So in this paper, new interworking PSTN for transmission will be proposed to lessen the transmission delay and the network resources.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.237-247
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the social determinants of health (SDH) associated with health-related quality of life (HQOL) among the community-dwelling elderly, based on the conceptual framework of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). Methods: A survey was conducted with 199 elders aged 65 years or older sampled through convenient sampling. Data were collected through face to face interviews by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire, which included scales of the residential area, social support, sense of community, social network, health behaviors, and HQOL. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and stepwise multivariate regression. Results: Major SDH affecting HQOL included the participants' residential area, sense of community, and health behavior. The HQOL of the elderly residing in the B area with a low rate of basic livelihood security recipients was higher than that of those residing in other areas. Conclusion: CSDH framework was useful to determine the factors associated with HQOL among the community-dwelling elderly. In addition to their health behavior, their sense of community was found to be a SDH of HQOL, indicating the need of health promotion programs tailored to the characteristics of residential areas and strategies to enhance involvement in community activities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 2003

동기식 전송망에서는 다양한 동기클럭 성능과 상태가 나타날 수 있고, 이는 전송성능에 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문에 전송망 설계에 필요한 최대노드수의 변화가 생길 수 있다. 이에 따라 전송망에서 다양한 클럭성능과 상태를 적용할 수 있는 시뮬레이터가 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전송망 동기클럭 시뮬레이터를 살펴보고, 또한 이를 이용하여 NE 노드에 따른 동기클럭 특성과 최대 노드수 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 볼 때 NE 노드의 성능보다 동기원의 성능이 최대 노드수에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것은 알 수 있었다.