• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2003

본 연구는 불화나트륨과 자일리톨 성분으로 구성된 구강 청정용 저작성 정제 (덴포정, 하미 즐, 부천, 경기 )가 교정치료 중인 환자의 구강위생 상태에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 교정치료 중인 18세 이상의 성인 환자 30명을 대상으로 약제사용 전, 2주 후, 4주 후에 피험자의 상악과 하악 전치 부위 및 구치 부위에서 각각 치은 지수, 치은 출혈 지수, 치태 지수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 상하악 전치부와 구치부 모두에서 치태 지수가 약제사용 전에 비해 사용 2주 후와 4주 후 유의성 있게 감소하였다. (p<0.05).또한, 적용 2주 후와 4주 후의 지수를 비교하였을 때 4주 후에 좀 더 개선된 경향을 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 2. 치은 지수, 치은 출혈 지수도 상하악 전치부와 구치부 모두에서 적용 전에 비하여 2주 후와 4주 후 유의성 있게 감소하였다(p<0.05).적용 2주 후와 4주 후의 지수의 비교 검증에서 통계학적으로 유의할 만한 차이는 보이지 않아 구강위생 상태의 개선이 계속 유지됨을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 치태 지수, 치은 지수, 치은 출혈 지수가 실험 정제 적용 후에 감소하여 구강위생 상태가 개선되었음을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 덴포정을 교정치료 중인 한자에서 부가적으로 사용하였을 경우 치주조직의 건강을 증진시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있으리라고 생각된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2001

Statistical approaches for analysis of data from the limited number of samples in ship building industry(SBI) collected by an industrial hygienist for checking compliance to an occupational standard were considered. Sampling for compliance usually has been guided by judgment selection, rather than true randomness, resulting in the creation of compliance samples which approximate a censored sample from the upper tail of the exposure distribution. Similar exposure groups(SEGs) including welding and painting process were established to assess representative values in each groups after reviewing the whole production line in SBI. For the convenient statistical approaches, the code has assigned to each SEGs. The descriptive statistics and probability plotting were used to yield the representative values in each SEGs. In the first step, SEGs of 558 were established from 5 ship building companies. The 38 SEGs showed the uncertainty are divided into each 5 companies and assessed the representative values again. The 44 SEGs in each companies was not showed the normal and lognormal distribution was analyzed each data. And also, recommendation was suggested to resolve the uncertainty in each groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of powered toothbrushes for plaque control in patients with peri-implant mucositis, in comparison with manual toothbrushes. Methods: This randomized, prospective, controlled, clinical parallel study compared the efficacy of manual and powered toothbrushes for plaque control in implant restorations. Patients with bleeding on probing, no residual pocket depth (as indicated by a pocket probing depth ${\geq}5mm$), and no radiological peri-implant bone loss were eligible for this study. Patients were requested to complete a questionnaire describing their oral hygiene habits. The duration and frequency of tooth brushing were recorded by subjects in order to assess their compliance. Clinical parameters, including the modified plaque index (mPI), the modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and clinical photographs (buccal and lingual views) were recorded at baseline and at one-month and two-month follow-up visits. Results: Statistically significant differences between patients who used manual toothbrushes and those who used powered toothbrushes were found regarding the frequency of tooth brushing per day and the duration of brushing at one-month and two-month follow-up visits, while no statistically significant differences were found relating to other oral hygiene habits. A statistically significant difference in patient compliance for tooth brushing was found at one month, while no difference was found at two months. Statistically significant decreases in the mPI and the mSBI were observed in both groups from baseline to the one- and two-month follow-ups. The overall reduction of these parameters was not significantly different between the two groups, except for mPI reduction between baseline and one month of follow-up. Conclusions: Sonic-powered toothbrushes may be a useful device for plaque control in patients with peri-implant mucositis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1987

레이저의 의학적 이용은 고출력 레이저의 외과적 이용과 더불어 많은 진전을 하게 되었다. 근래에는 인체에 손상을 주는 고출력 레이저 외에도 조직의 파괴없이 인체조직에 유용한 효과를 줄 수 있는 저출력 레이저에 대한 연구가 적극적으로 시도되고 있다. 본 연구는 치은염을 가진 13명의 대상에 대해 Split-mouth design으로 대조군 및 실험군을 설정하여 실험군의 치은에 저출력 레이저(Biotherapy dental Laser 3DL)를 격일로 4회 조사한 후 plaque index, pocket depth, sulcus bleeding index, supragingival과 subgingival plaque의 bacterial morphotype의 비율 및 광학현미경을 통한 조직학적 염증 침윤상을 측정 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 레이저 조사후 SBI(p<0.01)는 감소하였으나 PI는 별다른 변화가 없었다. 2) 레이저 조사에 따라 spirochetes(p<0.01)를 포함하여 motiles(p<0.05, p<0.01)은 감소된 반면 nommotiles(p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다. 3) 레이저 조사 치은에서는 염증세포 침윤이 Dental(p<0.05) 및 oral(p<0.01) 양측 모두 감소되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.378-381
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• 2008

The regulating and relaxing targets in the Land Use Regulation and Total Maximum Daily Loads are influenced by Land cover information. For the providing more accurate land information, this study attempted to generate an impervious surface map using KOMPSAT-2 image which a Korea manufactured high resolution satellite image. The classification progress of this study carried out by tasseled-cap spectral enhancement through each class extraction technique neither existing classification method. KOMPSAT-2 image of this study is enhanced by Soil Brightness Index(SBI), Green vegetation Index(GVI), None-Such wetness Index(NWI). Then ranges of extracted each index in enhanced image are determined. And then, Confidence Interval of classes was determined through the calculating Non-exceedance Probability. Spectral distributions of each class are changed according to changing of Control coefficient(${\alpha}$) at the calculated Non-exceedance Probability. Previously, Land cover classification map was generated based on established ranges of classes, and then, pervious and impervious surface was reclassified. Finally, impervious ratio of reclassified impervious surface map was calculated with blocks in the study area.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are ubiquitous in living cells and are essential for eukaryotic cell growth. These polycations interact with negatively charged molecules such as DNA, RNA, acidic proteins and phospholipids and modulate various cellular functions including macromolecular synthesis. Dysregulation of the polyamine pathway leads to pathological conditions including cancer, inflammation, stroke, renal failure and diabetes. Increase in polyamines and polyamine synthesis enzymes is often associated with tumor growth, and urinary and plasma contents of polyamines and their metabolites have been investigated as diagnostic markers for cancers. Of these, diacetylated derivatives of spermidine and spermine are elevated in the urine of cancer patients and present potential markers for early detection. Enhanced catabolism of cellular polyamines by polyamine oxidases (PAO), spermine oxidase (SMO) or acetylpolyamine oxidase (AcPAO), increases cellular oxidative stress and generates hydrogen peroxide and a reactive toxic metabolite, acrolein, which covalently incorporates into lysine residues of cellular proteins. Levels of protein-conjuagated acrolein (PC-Acro) and polyamine oxidizing enzymes were increased in the locus of brain infarction and in plasma in a mouse model of stroke and also in the plasma of stroke patients. When the combined measurements of PC-Acro, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated, even silent brain infarction (SBI) was detected with high sensitivity and specificity. Considering that there are no reliable biochemical markers for early stage of stroke, PC-Acro and PAOs present promising markers. Thus the polyamine metabolites in plasma or urine provide useful tools in early diagnosis of cancer and stroke.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to identify multi-level stressors from blood biomarkers to community-level bioindicators and diagnose the stream ecosystem health in polluted streams. Blood chemistry such as total protein ($T_{Pro}$), blood urea nitrogen ($B_{UN}$), total cholesterol ($T_{Cho}$) and $A_{lb}$umin ($A_{lb}$) were analyzed from sentinel fish tissues; the functions of kidney, gill and liver were significantly decreased in the impacted zone ($I_z$), compared to the control zone ($C_z$). Histopathological analysis showed that fish liver tissues were normal in the $C_z$. Fish liver tissues in the $I_z$, however, showed large cell necrosis and degeneration and also had moderate lobular inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytic histocytes. Species biotic index (SBI) at species level and stream health assessment (SHA) at community level indicated that chemical impacts were evident in the $I_z$ (ecological health; poor - very poor), and this was matched with the blood tissue analysis and histopathological analysis. The impairments of the streams were supported by water chemistry analysis (nitrogen, phosphorus). Tolerance guild analysis and trophic guild analysis of fish were showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between $C_z$ and $I_z$. Overall, multiple parameter analysis from biomarker level (blood tissues) to bioindicator level (community health) showed significantly greater impacts in the $I_z$ than $C_z$. This approach may be effective as a monitoring tool in identifying the multilateral and forthcoming problems related to chemical pollution and habitat degradation of stream ecosystems.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

This study was performed in order to suggest the possibility of tree species classification using high-resolution QuickBird-2 images spectral characteristics comparison(digital numbers [DNs]) of tree species, tree species classification, and accuracy verification. In October 2010, the tree species of three conifers and eight broad-leaved trees were examined in the areas studied. The spectral characteristics of each species were observed, and the study area was classified by image classification. The results were as follows: Panchromatic and multi-spectral band 4 was found to be useful for tree species classification. DNs values of conifers were lower than broad-leaved trees. Vegetation indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil brightness index (SBI), green vegetation index (GVI) and Biband showed similar patterns to band 4 and panchromatic (PAN); Tukey's multiple comparison test was significant among tree species. However, tree species within the same genus, such as $Pinus$ $densiflora-P.$ $rigida$ and $Quercus$ $mongolica-Q.$ $serrata$, showed similar DNs patterns and, therefore, supervised classification results were difficult to distinguish within the same genus; Random selection of validation pixels showed an overall classification accuracy of 74.1% and Kappa coefficient was 70.6%. The classification accuracy of $Pterocarya$ $stenoptera$, 89.5%, was found to be the highest. The classification accuracy of broad-leaved trees was lower than expected, ranging from 47.9% to 88.9%. $P.$ $densiflora-P.$ $rigida$ and $Q.$ $mongolica-Q.$ $serrata$ were classified as the same species because they did not show significant differences in terms of spectral patterns.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of subgingival bacterial compositions between periodontally healthy and diseased sites. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 100 sites in 20 untreated adult periodontitis patients(experimental group), and 100 sites in healthy individuals(contro1 group). Before sampling, probing pocket depth(PPD) and clinical level of attachment(CAL), Plaque Index(PI), and Sulcus Bleeding Index(SBI) were recorded for each sampled sites. Microbial samples were collected from the bases of gingival sulci or periodontal pockets with sterile curettes. The samples were examined under darkfield microscope(${\times}$400). At least 150 bacteria were evaluated and categorized on the basis of bacterial morphology and motility, i.e. cocci, non-motile rods, motile rods, and spirochetes. In control group, subgingival microbial flora consisted of 73.7% of cocci, 20.0% of non-motile rods, 4.3% of motile rods, and 2.0% of spirochetes. The microbial samples from experimental group consisted of 51.5% of cocci, 19.4% of non-motile rods, 17.6% of motile rods, and 11.6% of spirochetes. The proportion of cocci was higher in control group than in experimental group. Proportions of motile rods and spirochetes were higher in experimental group than in control group. The proportion of nonmotile rods in experimental group and control group was not significantly different. Sulcus Bleeding Index and Plaque Index showed high correlation with the bacterial composition. These findings suggests that examination of subgingival bacterial proportion may serve as more sensitive mirror of the local periodontal status than clinical parameters.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.345-351
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• 1993

Various alloplastic materials have been used on the periodontally diseased ossous defects. Hydroxyapatite, which is used the most common alloplastic material is a non-resorbable form of calcium phosphate and natural coral which is a biodegradable by carbonic anhydrase in osteoclast was introduced recently. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effects of porous hydoxyapatite and natural coral on the human periodontal defects. Four males and three females who had adult periodontitis were selected for this study. The teeth that had similar bone loss radiographically and periodontal pocket deeper than 5mm were selected. Gingival recession, pocket depth, plaque index(Silness & Loe), sulcus bleeding index and tooth mobility (measured by Periotest$^{(r)}$) were examined before graft. Before insertion of alloplastic materials, the depth from CEJ to bone crest and from CEJ to base of the osseous defect was recorded. Porous particulate hydroxyapatite(Interpore 200$^{(r)}$, A group) was place on the defect and natural coral(Biocoral$^{(r)}$, B group) was placed on the defect of the opposing tooth. Six months post-surgically the same parameters were recorded by reentry procedures. A and B group showed 0.6mm of mean recession. Mean reduction of pocket depth were 5mm for A group and 4.9mm of B group. Reduced SBI and tooth mobility were recorded. Osseous defect fills of the original defects were 2.9mm for A and 3mm for B group. Percentage defect fills were 71% for A and 59% for B group. The difference of defect fill between pre- and post-insertion was statstically significant(p<0.05). But the difference between the two groups was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The clinical impression at 6 month re-entry and the numerical date indicate that natural coral as well as porous particulate hydoxyapatite has a definite potential as an alloplastic implant in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects.