• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.492-492
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• 2005

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.837-843
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하여 조릿대조추출물(SBE)과 에틸아세테이트 분획물(SBEA)의 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적 저해 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 SBE의한 지방세포 분화 저해 활성을 확인하기 위해 추출물을 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 분화를 유도하면서 농도별(10, 50, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$)로 처리하였고, 그 결과 SBE가 지방세포의 분화를 억제시켜 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적을 저해시켰다. 또한 SBE를 용매 극성에 따른 분획한 분획물들의 항분화 효능을 확인하였다. 그중 항분화 효능이 가장 뛰어난 에틸아세테이트 분획물로 지방세포 분화에 따른 세포 내 중성지방축적이 억제 되었다. 그러나, 지방세포 분해를 통한 glycerol release의 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 이 같은 결과를 바탕으로 항분화 효능의 기전을 연구하기 위해 PPAR${\gamma}$, C/EBP${\alpha}$ 등 전사활성과 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 유전자들의 활성을 확인해 보았다. 실험 결과 SBEA는 PPAR${\gamma}$와 C/EBP${\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 따라서 SBEA 항비만 효과는 지방 생성의 주요 전사인자인 PPAR${\gamma}$와 C/EBP${\alpha}$의 유전자 발현조절을 통해 지방 분화 억제 및 지방 축적을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것으로 보이며, 효과가 있는 농도가 100 ${\mu}g/mL$로 천연물질로써 비교적 낮은 농도에서 우수한 지방 분화억제 활성을 나타내어 경제적이며 효과적인 항비만 기능성식품으로서 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2013

천연 갈변저해 소재 발굴을 위해 황금을 열수와 EtOH로 추출한 후, 각각의 추출물에 사과 슬라이스를 침지하여 외관의 변화를 관찰한 결과 황금의 열수와 에탄올 추출물이 사과의 갈변억제에 효과적이었다. 이에 열수와 EtOH 추출물을 각각 상법에 따라 분획하여 $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, $H_2O$ 분획물로 총 6가지 분획물을 얻었다. 이 분획물에 대한 총 페놀과 플라보노이드 함량 및 라디칼 소거능과 환원력 측정, 금속이온 chelating 등을 통하여 항산화 효과와 PPO(polyphenol oxidase) 저해 활성을 측정하였다. 대체적으로 EtOH 추출의 분획물이 열수 추출의 분획물보다 페놀과 플라보노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성이 뛰어났다. 총 페놀의 경우 EtOAc 분획물에서, 플라보노이드의 경우 $CHCl_3$ 분획물에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거능, FRAP assay 결과 EtOAc 및 $CHCl_3$ 분획물에서 높은 항산화능을 보여 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 금속이온 chelating 활성은 특이적으로 $H_2O$ 분획물에서 높은 활성이 나타났으나 다른 분획물들 또한 ascorbic acid에 비해 약 3배 이상의 우수한 활성을 나타냈다. PPO 저해 활성의 경우 $CHCl_3$ 분획물에서 높은 저해활성을 나타내어 다른 항산화 측정 결과와 유사한 경향을 보였으며, ascorbic acid에 비해 우수한 PPO 저해 활성을 보였다. 따라서 황금의 EtOAc 및 $CHCl_3$ 분획물은 우수한 항산화 및 PPO 저해 활성으로 인해 갈변저해제로서 효과적이라 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.119-119
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• 2022

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권2호통권121호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to create a planting design for progressive realization. For this, visual preferences as measured via questionnaire were evaluated by the Scenic Beauty Estimation(SBE) and paired comparison methods. The results can be summarized as follows. Through photo observation, the average visual blockage ratio was 38% and the range of degree of the visual blockage ratio was $30{\sim}50%$. The sketch simulation and filtered pattern received the highest preference score and fumed out to be the most practical pattern out of all the patterns evaluated. Also, in the sketch simulation, the high preference values were observed for a distance of 9 to 12m from the view point to the blockage tree with a D/H ratio of 2. The preference score significantly decreased with the increase of the visual blockage ratio having a turning point at $30{\sim}35%$ of the visual blockage ratio, even though the distance parameters were more important than the visual blockage ratio in the scores. An outstanding view must be handled properly to be preserved or accentuated. Framed, open, enclosed, screened or filtered pattern views should be completely revealed only from their best vantage point, not given away at first glimpse. It this sense, parallax spatial beauty with trees could be improved through the visual aspects of plan arrangements and seems to be an effective design technique for landscape planning and planting design.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.400-406
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine joint position senses and muscle activity in subjects with and without chronic low back pain and to determine the effects of different types of bridge exercises on their trunk muscle activity. Methods: Thrity-eight subjects with chronic low back pain and thrity healthy controls participated in the experiment. Joint position senses and trunk muscle activity levels were measured during the different bridge exercise methods. Results: The joint position senses of the healthy group and chronic low back pain group showed significant differences during lumbar flexion, lumbar extension, lumbar lateral flexion, and lumbar rotation. The muscle activity levels of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) were highest in the prone bridge exercise (PBE) group, followed by the supine bridge swiss ball exercise (SBSE) group and supine bridge exercise (SBE) group in order of precedence. The muscle activity level of the erector spinae (ES) was highest in the SBSE group, followed by the SBE and PBE groups in order of precedence. Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that chronic low back pain is associated with declines in joint position senses and that PBEs increase trunk muscle activity more than conventional bridge exercises.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low temperature on starch accumulation in rice grains. We used four major Japonica-type Korean rice cultivars as materials: Jinbu (JB), Junamjosaeng (JJ), Geumyoung (GY), and Hwawang (HW). Rice plants were moved into two phytotrons the day after heading. Temperatures in the two phytotrons were maintained at $19/29^{\circ}C$ (night/day) as the control, and $13/23^{\circ}C$ as the low temperature condition, both under natural daylight with a relative humidity of 65%. The ripening rates of JB and JJ showed no significant difference between the low temperature and control conditions at 45 days after heading (DAH). In contrast, the ripening rates of GY and HW were 86% and 57% lower than those of JB and JJ under the low temperature condition at 45 DAH, respectively. However, the ripening rates of these four varieties at 61 DAH (when accumulated temperature reached $1,100^{\circ}C$) under the low temperature condition were similar to those at 45 DAH under the control condition (JB, 94%; JJ, 97%; GY, 97%; HW, 88%). The total starch contents showed no significant difference between the control and low temperature conditions. However, the amylose contents in the cultivars were higher under the low temperature than under the control condition. The enzyme activities of starch biosynthesis were about 5-10 days slower in cultivars under the low temperature than under the control. The grain-filling rate showed significant correlations with the enzyme activities of SuSase ($r^2=0.70^{***}$), AGPase ($r^2=0.63^{***}$), UDPase ($r^2=0.36^{***}$), StSase ($r^2=0.51^{***}$), and SBE ($r^2=0.59^{***}$). In conclusion, although StSase activity was increased at $13/23^{\circ}C$ up to 20 DAH, there might not be enough time for SBE to synthesize amylopectin, thus affecting the amylose content of HW, which had the slowest grain filling rate. Notably, the decreased activity of SuSase and SBE and late increase in AGPase activity under the low temperature during the ripening stage are considered to be disadvantageous, as they delay ripening and increase the amylose content.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe and compare the effects of Pinellia ternata, Zingiber officinale and Sobanhatang on the reflux esophagitis induced by gastric fundus and pylorus ligation in mice with esomeprazole. Methods: Antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity at four different concentration of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and $1.0mg/102{\mu}{\ell}$. Zingiber officinale water extract(ZE), Pinellia ternata water extract(PE) and Sobanhatang water extract(SBE) and esomeprazole were treated orally for 14 days before gatric fundus and pylorus ligation. In the histochemistry, changes in suface mucous cells, muscle tissue and connective tissue in gastro esophageal junction(GEJ) and mast cell on the esophageal mucosa were observed. The change of Hemo oxygenase(HO)-1, ghrelin, gastrin and substance P in gastric body tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results: DPPH radical scavenging activity exhibited concentration dependently increases in ZE, PE, SBE. ZE was significantly higher at all concentrations than PE. The gastric surface mucous cells were more in the treated group than in the reflux esophagitis elicited group(GE) in the order of PE, SBE, ZE and esomeprazole treateded group(PT, SBT, ZT, ET). Lower esophageal sphincter muscle damage and intercellular space in the GEJ were less in the treated group than GE. In the esophageal mucosa, the mast cell distribution and the migration of inflammatory cells were lower in the treateded troup than GE in order to ZT, SBT, PT and ET. The antioxidative enzyme, HO-1 was more in the order of ZT, SBT, control group, PT, ET than in GE. ZT was significantly higher than the other groups and SBT was significantly higher than ET. Ghrelin was found to be higher in ZT, ET, SBT and PT than in GE, and ZT was significantly higher than all other groups except ET. Gastrin showed the highest positivity in GE, and was lower in the order of ET, ZT, SBT, PT, and control group. Substance P was the highest in GE, and was lower in the order of ET, ZT, SBT, PT and control group, and PT were significantly lower than ET. Conclusion: ZT, PT and SBT showed superior antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and mucosal protective effects on mouse reflux esophagitis as compared with ET. In particular, ZE was more effective in antioxidant and gastric motility enhancement, while PE was more effective in mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. Sobanhatang is expected to be effective treatment because it has advantages of both drugs and reduces toxicity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.3035-3037
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• 2010

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.606-618
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• 2000

Dental pulp infection is most commonly caused by extensive dental caries, and some bacterial species invade root canals; bacterial components and products are thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of periapical periodontitis. A principle driving force behind pulpal disease response appears to lie in the host immune system's to bacteria and their products. We examined the production of interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) from human peripheral mononuclear cells, lymphocytes and monocytes stimulated by heat-killed Acitnobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and Prevotella intermedia (ATCC 25611), and also by their sonicated bacterial extracts (SBE), respectively. The effects of three strains of heat-killed bacteria and their SBEs on the morphology of cultured blood cell lines HL-60 (KCLB 10240) and J774A.1 (KCLB 40067) were observed under the inverted microscope. Ultrastructural changes of J774A.1 exposed to heat-killed P. intermedia and its SBE were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ was reduced in human peripheral mononuclear cells after stimulation by sonic bacterial extracts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. Heat-killed and sonic extract of P. gingivalis inhibited the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ in peripheral mononuclear cells. Production of TNF-${\alpha}$ was inhibited in peripheral monocytes after stimulation by sonic extracts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. HL-60 and J 774A.1 cells showed granular degeneration after treatment with heat-killed and sonic extracts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia Chromatin margination and shrinkage were observed in 774A.1 treated with heat-killed P. intermedia. Cell wall structure and organelles were destroyed and vacuoles were formed in cytoplasm in J774A.1 treated with P. intermedia sonic extract. These results suggest that A actinomycetemcomitans, P gingivalis and P intermedia may have an important role in the formation and progression of pulpal diseases via both modulation of production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ from blood mononuclear cells and cytopathic effects.